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[Nematodirinae (Nematoda) from Ruminants and from lagomorpha. (author's transl)].

Study of eight species of Nematodirinae with special emphasis on their synlophe: Nematodirus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802), N. spathiger (Railliet, 1896). N. helvetianus May, 1920, N. battus Crofton & Thomas, 1951, N. tortuosus Tucker, 1942, Nematodirella dromedarii (May, 1920), Nematodiroides zembrae (Bernard, 1965) and Rauschia triangularis, type species of the new genus Rauschia. Furthermore, bibliographical data permit to know the structure of the synlophe in four other species. In each of these species the synlophe retains the primitive bilateral symmetry observed in the Molineidae; in species parasitic in Ruminants and Rodents, the synlophe shows non pronounced size gradient, nor a pronounced peculiar orientation of the tip of the crests. These last specialized characters are observed, on the contrary, in species parasitic in Lagomorpha. These latter show, starting from synlophes of the "Anoplostrongylinae"-type, various evolutionary essays; the most remarkable is an hypertrophy of the dorsal crests which leads at the end of the evolution, to a dextral coiling, the back of the animal being inside the spire: such a position appears unique in the superfamily. Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants. A dichotomic key of the six genera of Nematodirinae is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Role of Lagomorpha in the wild cycle of Rickettsia conorii in Salamanca (Spain).

In an endemic zone for Mediterranean spotted fever levels of antibodies to R. conorii were evaluated in serum samples from wild rabbits (Orytolagus cuniculus) and hares (Lepus granatensis) using an indirect microimmunofluorescence antibody test. The results of the study show that the wild rabbit may carry out in this area an important function in the maintenance of R. conorii in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Chromosome banding pattern relationships of hares, rabbits, and pikas (order Lagomorpha). A phyletic interpretation.

The chromosome banding patterns of the domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, the brush rabbit, Sylvilagus bachmani, and the snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus, are nearly identical except for minor differences in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin present. The major mechanisms of chromosome evolution in leporid lagomorphs are centric fusion and addition of heterochromatin. The G- and C-banding patterns of the pika, Ochotona princeps, revealed little easily recognized structural homology with the leporid species. Several tentative banding pattern matches were found for segments of some chromosomes of Ochotona, indicating that tandem fusions may have been responsible for structural modification of the early lagomorph genome. Chromosome evolution in the lagomorphs and the use of chromosomal data in studies of mammalian systematics are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Haemaphysalis (allophysalis) danieli, sp. n. (ixodoidea: ixodidae), female and tentatively associated immature stages from high mountains of northern Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Haemaphysalis (Allophysalis) danieli sp. n. is described from a female taken from alpine vegetation in Swat, Pakistan. Fifty-one nymphal and larval ticks tentatively associated with this taxon are from hamsters, field mice, voles, and marmots (Rodentia), Cricetulus migratorius, Apodemus flavicollis, alticola roylei, and Marmota caudata, and from pikas (Lagomorpha), Ochotona roylei, in Gilgit and Hazara districts of Pakistan and in Badakhashan Province of Afghanistan. Collecting localities are in the western Himalayan mountain complex between 2,310 and 4,000 m altitude and between 35degrees08' and 36degrees23' N and 71degrees51' and 74degrees02' E. This species is most closely related to the mountain-inhabiting H. (A9Y pospelovashtromae Hoogstraal of southern USSR and Mongolia and H. (A.) garhwalensis Dhanda and Bhat of northern India and Nepal.

Afghanistan↗
PubMed1977

Immunofluorescent localization of acrosin in mammalian spermatozoa (1).

Acrosin was detected by immunofluorescence in the spermatozoan acrosomes of artiodactyla (bull, ram and boar), perissodactyla (horse), carnivora (dog and cat), lagomorpha (rabbit) and primates (human) using anti-bovine acrosin immunoglobulins. The results indicate that the acrosin molecules of several mammalian species possess antigenic similarities.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1975

[Blood parasites of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia].

The author investigated 4,853 specimens of wild living small mammals (43 species: Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, Carnivora) from Czechoslovakia for blood parasites. Trypanosomes were found in Talpa europaea, Sorex alpinus, Crocidura suaveolens, Myotis myotis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus agrestis. Babesia was detected in Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus arvalis and Microtus agrestis. Grahaemella was found in Talpa europaea, Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens, Neomys anomalus, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus microps, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, Clethrionomys glareolus, Arvicola terrestris, Pitymys subterraneus, Microtus arvalis, Microtus agrestis, and Microtus oeconomus. Spontaneous Bartonella-infection was ascertained in one Microtus arvalis and, in erythrocytes of one Sorex araneus, parasitic organisms very similar to Bartonella were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Amino acid sequence analysis of group e allotype-related peptides derived from lagomorph IgG.

A tryptic peptide (T 19) was isolated from a CNBr fragment of IgG from several representatives of present-day lagomorphs including domestic rabbit, hare, cottontail rabbit and pika. The amino acid sequence of this peptide revealed differences which can be correlated with serological polymorphism associated with group e IgG allotypes. The results confirm previous studies establishing the importance of Ala309 for the expression of e 15, particularly the i subspecificity. Arg315 correlates with the expression of the j subspecificity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

[Cultivation of the warble-fly Oestromyia leporina pall. (Diptera, Hypodermatidae) and its biological prerequisites (author's transl)].

The warble-fly Oestromyia leporina was cultivated for four generations in the laboratory. In the present paper the technic of laboratory mating and the modus of experimental infection of the host are described. The fertility of females is tested by experiments and by dissections. It is shown how the diapause of the puparia can be shortened and how it can be omitted. The successful infection of several species of small mammals demonstrates that O. leporina can be colonized not only on the natural host but also on some common laboratory animals like mice and rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental study on the lymphatic and cerebrocervical drainage and changes therein caused by ultrasound (author's transl)].

After indian ink or ferritin are introduced into the cerebral hemispheres or subdural space these substances can be found in the deep cervical lymph nodes. The transport of these substances can be enhanced and accelerated by the treatment of deep cervical lymph nodes by ultrasound. Treatment of the paravertebral region with ultrasound after the introduction of ferritin or indian ink subdurally is followed by the appearance of these substances in the suprarenal gland, the testis, epididymis and the prostate gland where they are conveyed by the lymphatic pathways. Thirty minutes after the injection of ferritin into an afferent lymphatic channel of a deep cervical lymphatic node pretreated with ultrasound, ferritin can be found in the pia and arachnoid membranes of the cerebral hemispheres. Ultrasound treatment of the cervical lymph nodes not only seems to enhance the drainage of this substance from the brain but if the dose of ultrasound is high the direction of the lymphatic flow may be reversed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The natural tolerance of the afghan pika (Ochotona rufescens) to morphine.

A lagomorph, the afghan pika, Ochotona rufescens showed no effect whatever following the subcutaneous injection of morphine in doses up to 50 mg per 100 g of body weight, i.e. 250 times the ED50 for the rat. Higher doses were toxic and induced convulsions. However, the pika is responsive to synthetic opiates such as etorphine, pentazocine and phenoperidine. Interestingly enough, morphine antagonized the opiate response elicited by those narcotics to which the animal is sensitive. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that morphine enters the pika's brain as readily as it does the rat's. In addition, opiate receptor sites, which are present in normal amounts in pika brain retained their high affinity for 3H-etorphine (KD = 0.3 nM), 3H-naloxone (KD = 1.2 nM) and morphine. Moreover, binding of morphine to pika brain homogenates was inhibited in the presence of sodium ions (agonist response). Therefore, the antagonism of phenoperidine action by morphine appeared not to occur at the opiate receptor site; the mechanism of the pika's natural tolerance to morphine may reside in molecular events that normally preceed (metabolism?) or follow (enzyme activation?) the interaction between the drug and its specific recognition sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Ascorbic acid and L-gulonolactone oxidase in lagomorphs.

1. The activity of L-gulonolactone oxidase (EC 1.1.3.8) in the liver of eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) is about 10-fold greater in winter than in summer. 2. L-gulonolactone oxidase activity is low and tissue ascorbate high during all seasons in snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus). 3. Liver contents of ascorbate fall to low levels in L. americanus fed on rabbit chow in the laboratory. 4. The activity of L-gulonolactone oxidase in liver of Sylvilagus and Oryctolagus is depressed by feeding high levels of L-ascorbic acid. 5. The New Zealand White breed of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has considerably higher levels of L-gulonolactone oxidase and liver ascorbate than does the Dutch breed. 6. In a wild population of Oryctolagus sampled in Australia L-gulonolactone oxidase levels were intermediate between those of the two domestic breeds and more variable than either.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Haemorrhagic disease of lagomorphs: evidence for a calicivirus.

Studies on the aetiological agents of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and European brown hare syndrome show that the viruses responsible for these infections can be placed in the family Caliciviridae. Established members of this group are vesicular exanthema virus (prototype), San Miguel sea lion virus and feline calcivirus. The human hepatitis E virus and the Norwalk agent may soon be included. The RHD virus genome consists of a positive stranded RNA molecule composed of 7437 nucleotides. A major subgenomic RNA of 2.2 kb, colinear with the 3' end of the genomic RNA, can also be recovered from infected liver tissue, and both RNAs are enclosed within viral capsids formed by a single major protein of approximately 60 kDa. Electron microscopic examination of organ suspensions from diseased animals shows two types of particle; 35-40 nm complete virions have the regularly arranged cup-shaped depressions typical of calcivirus morphology, and 23-25 nm smooth particles resulting from degradation of the outer surface structures of the complete virions.

Animals↗