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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

The chemotaxonomic significance of two bioactive caffeic acid esters, nepetoidins A and B, in the Lamiaceae.

A survey of leaf surface constituents in the family Lamiaceae using HPLC with diode array detection revealed the presence of two characteristic phenolic compounds in many species. The distribution of these phenolics in the Lamiaceae was found to be of taxonomic significance, as they were present in the great majority of species investigated for the subfamily Nepetoideae, including representatives of the well-known genera of culinary herbs, mint, rosemary, sage, thyme and basil. In contrast, they were absent from species of the other subfamilies of Lamiaceae studied and from the related families Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae and Buddlejaceae. The compounds were isolated from Plectranthus crassus and identified by NMR spectroscopy as the known caffeic acid esters (Z,E)-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate and (Z,E)-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl] 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate, for which the trivial names nepetoidins A and B are proposed. The presence of this pair of caffeic acid esters adds another character to the chemical, palynological and embryological features distinguishing the Nepetoideae from the other subfamilies of Lamiaceae and related families, and supports the view that the Nepetoideae are a specialised and monophyletic group within the family. Nepetoidin B was shown to have a greater antioxidant activity than gallic, rosmarinic and caffeic acids, and showed activity as an insect phagostimulant. Both compounds were antifungal.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Panamanian plants from Celastraceae and Lamiaceae.

Thirty four crude extracts of Panamanian plants, from nine species of Celastraceae and Lamiaceae, were assayed for xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The enzymatic activity was estimated by measuring the increase in absorbance at 290 nm due to uric acid formation. Eighty five percent of the crude extracts were found to possess XO inhibitory activity at 50 micrograms/ml and all the extracts of the species from Lamiaceae were active even at 1 micrograms/ml. The ethanol extracts of Hyptis obtusiflora Presl ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) and H. lantanaefolia Poit. (Lamiaceae) exhibited the highest activity with an inhibition of approximately 40% at 1 micrograms/ml.

Ethanol↗

PubMed2006

Research into microscopic structure and essential oils of endemic medicinal plant species Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. (Lamiaceae).

In this study we looked into the cells and histological organization of leaves (Saturejae folium) as well as a phyto-chemical composition of overground parts (Saturejae herba) of endemic species Satureja subspicata Bartl. ex Vis. (Lamiaceae) collected during year 2003 on south slopes of mountain Velez in Herzegovina. Microscopic organization was analyzed in wet slides using light microscope. Estimation of stomata index was done according to Ph. Yug. IV. Chemical composition of overground material extracts was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) using thymol as a reference. In our research we found the following: Leaf structure of the analyzed species Satureja subspicata points at numerous specificities in anatomical and histological sense. In histological sense, leaf is of ventral type, with differentiated upper and lower epidermis and palisade and spongy tissue in between. Stoma index assigned according to Ph. Yug. IV leads to a conclusion that it is the case of diastitic stomata, which is common feature of most species from Lamiaceae family. Comparative qualitative analysis of essential oils in species Satureja subspicata showed similarities with other species from Lamiaceae family such as Thymus L. (thymol). In fact, we found more common substances that are part of the species Satureja montana L. extract, but in different concentrations.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗

PubMed2003

Leaves of the Lamiaceae species Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) contain a lectin that is structurally and evolutionary related to the legume lectins.

A novel lectin has been isolated and cloned from leaves of Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy), a typical representative of the plant family Lamiaceae. Biochemical analyses indicated that the G. hederacea agglutinin (Gleheda) is a tetrameric protein consisting of four subunits pairwise linked through an interchain disulphide bridge and exhibits a preferential specificity towards N-acetylgalactosamine. Cloning of the corresponding gene and molecular modeling of the deduced sequence demonstrated that Gleheda shares high sequence similarity with the legume lectins and exhibits the same overall fold and three-dimensional structure as the classical legume lectins. The identification of a soluble and active legume lectin ortholog in G. hederacea not only indicates that the yet unclassified Lamiaceae lectins belong to the same lectin family as the legume lectins, but also sheds a new light on the specificity, physiological role and evolution of the classical legume lectins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2002

The essential oil secretory structures of Prostanthera ovalifolia (Lamiaceae).

The structure of the essential oil secretory tissues of Prostanthera ovalifolia R.Br was investigated using bright- and dark-field optical microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The leaves of P. ovalifolia have glandular trichomes of the peltate type common to many Lamiaceae species. The trichomes consist of a basal cell embedded in the epidermis, a stalk cell with heavily cutinized walls and a 16-celled secretory head, but they differ from those of many previously reported Lamiaceae species in their morphological form defined by the elevated cuticle. The sub-cuticular space contains a mixture of lipid and aqueous phases. Secretory cells have dense cytoplasm with many leucoplasts present. Volatile terpenoids are eliminated from the cytoplasm into the sub-cuticular space, the site of essential oil accumulation, via granulocrine secretion.

Cell Surface Extensions↗

PubMed2005

Effect of Alkanna albugam root on LDL oxidation. A comparative study with species of the Lamiaceae family.

The role of natural products in preventing diseases, such as atherosclerosis, is being recognized increasingly. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the polar extract obtained from Alkanna albugam root, belonging to the Boraginaceae family, against LDL oxidation, was investigated and compared with the respective activity of Greek Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis and Sideritis clandestina, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Of the extracts tested, only those from Alkanna albugam root and Mentha piperita exhibited statistically significant activity. Weaker activity was shown by the extracts obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis and Sideritis clandestina.

Boraginaceae↗

PubMed2006

Antioxidant activities of some Lamiaceae plant extracts.

The antioxidant activities of four Lamiaceae plants, Salvia viridis L., Salvia multicaulis Vahl, Stachys byzantina C. Koch and Eremostachys laciniata (L.) Bunge have been determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as well as by flow injection analysis-luminol chemiluminescence (FIA-CL). All extracts were shown to possess a significant scavenger activity against DPPH free radical and an inhibitory effect on H2O2- or HOCl-luminol chemiluminescence. The extracts scavenged 50% of DPPH radical ranging in the following descending order: Salvia viridis > Stachys byzantina > Salvia multicaulis > Eremostachys laciniata. The most potent extract on H2O2-induced peak chemiluminescence was that of Salvia viridis and on HOCl-induced peak chemiluminescence was that of Stachys byzantina. The results concluded that the extracts have a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2006

Larvicidal activity of some Labiatae (Lamiaceae) plant extracts from Turkey.

Ethanol extracts of the aerial parts from five Labiatae (Lamiaceae) species, obtained from Antalya, Turkey, were tested for larvicidal activity against the house mosquito Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory conditions. Third and fourth instar mortality from six concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) of each plant extract were compared against the organophosphorus insecticide, temephos which is currently used for larval control. All plant extracts showed high larvicidal activity in 24 h exposure tests. Teucrium divaricatum Sieber was the most toxic, followed by Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., Melissa officinalis L., Salvia sclarea L. and Mentha pulegium L. with LC(50) values of 18.6, 26.8, 39.1, 62.7 and 81.0 ppm, respectively. This study is the first to report on the larvicidal activity of ethanol extracts of these five plant species against C. pipiens.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Genetic variability in Hesperozygis ringens Benth. (Lamiaceae), an endangered aromatic and medicinal plant of southern Brazil.

Hesperozygis ringens Benth. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic and medicinal plant, characterized by a high concentration of isopulegone; it is endemic to the mountains of southeast Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and currently is considered endangered. The present study evaluated the intra- and interpopulation genetic variability of H. ringens by means of RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The results showed that H. ringens populations are genetically structured, with low gene flow between populations, confirming the fragmentation imposed by anthropic action. Populations from the two areas of occurrence are genetically different. Low intrapopulation variability and heterozygosity were detected, indicating genetic drift and inbreeding. Based on the data, conservation strategies are discussed.

Base Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic diversity and population structure of Lamiophlomis rotata (Lamiaceae), an endemic species of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Lamiophlomis rotata (Lamiaceae), a perennial medicinal herb, is endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 188 individuals from eight natural populations of L. rotata in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (four from Tibet, two from Yunnan, and two from Qinghai) were analyzed using intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. Our results revealed that the level of genetic variation in L. rotata was relatively high (P = 94.85%, I = 0.440 +/- 0.220, H(T) = 0.289 +/- 0.028). Three genetic groups corresponding to the three geographic regions were detected, suggesting significant geographic structure. Our results suggest that the highly structured geographic pattern found in L. rotata might represent diverging evolutionary processes associated with the uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Quaternary climatic oscillations. These findings imply that as many populations as possible should be preserved in situ for the conservation of this species. Given their genetic variability and peripheral distribution, Qinghai and Yunnan populations should be assigned priority for conservation. Optimal harvesting strategies, domestication and tissue culture of L. rotata should be developed as soon as possible to guarantee its sustainable use.

China↗

PubMed2006

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae.

Antioxidative effects of methanolic extracts from six wild European Lamiaceae species have been studied with the use of three in vitro assays. The ability of scavenging free radicals was measured by DPPH reduction spectrophotometric assay. The reducing potential towards transition metals was tested by phosphomolybdenum method and the inhibition of lipid oxidation was tested by Fe/ascorbate system with photometric TBARS detection. All studied herbs exposed strong antioxidant capability, but the results were different for each species depending on the applied test. In DPPH scavenging the order from strongest to the weakest was: Leonurus cardiaca, Lamium album, Marrubium vulgare, Stachys officinalis, Lamium purpureum, Galeopsis speciosa. With phosphomolybdenum method the extract of S. officinalis was the strongest in both 40 degrees Celsius and 90 degrees Celsius but other species acted differently in both temperatures. In lipid peroxidation assay, the maximum inhibition of 78% was reached by S. officinalis and M. vulgare, whereas for both Lamium sp. and L. cardiaca slightly exceeded 70% and for G. speciosa reached 65%. The observed differences indicate the complexity of involved mechanisms and support the necessity of combining several assays in studying the antioxidant potential of medicinal plants.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2006

Molecular evidence for adaptive radiation of Micromeria Benth. (Lamiaceae) on the Canary Islands as inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequences and ISSR fingerprint data.

The Canary Islands have been a focus for phylogeographic studies on the colonization and diversification of endemic angiosperm taxa. Based on phylogeographic patterns, both inter island colonization and adaptive radiation seem to be the driving forces for speciation in most taxa. Here, we investigated the diversification of Micromeria on the Canary Islands and Madeira at the inter- and infraspecific level using inter simple sequence repeat PCR (ISSR), the trnK-Intron and the trnT-trnL-spacer of the cpDNA and a low copy nuclear gene. The genus Micromeria (Lamiaceae, Mentheae) includes 16 species and 13 subspecies in Macaronesia. Most taxa are restricted endemics, or grow in similar ecological conditions on two islands. An exception is M. varia, a widespread species inhabits the lowland scrub on each island of the archipelago and could represent an ancestral taxon from which radiation started on the different islands. Our analyses support a split between the "eastern" islands Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and Gran Canaria and the "western" islands Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. The colonization of Madeira started from the western Islands, probably from Tenerife as indicated by the sequence data. We identified two lineages of Micromeria on Gomera but all other islands appear to be colonized by a single lineage, supporting adaptive radiation as the major evolutionary force for the diversification of Micromeria. We also discuss the possible role of gene flow between lineages of different Micromeria species on one island after multiple colonizations.

Adaptation, Biological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nepeta sibthorpii Bentham (Lamiaceae): micromorphological analysis of leaves and flowers.

Nepeta sibthorpii Bentham (Lamiaceae) is an herbaceous aromatic plant, growing in dry, usually rocky areas of Southern Greece. In this paper, we report the study of micromorphological features of the flowers and leaves of Nepeta sibthorpii Bentham. The analysis by means of scanning electron microscopy has permitted to characterize both the covering trichomatous garment, abundantly present on the calyx and on the leaves, and the glandular hairs, distributed on the adaxial leaf surface and on the outer surfaces of calyx and corolla, showing also the peculiar features of the epidermal cells, all useful diagnostic elements for the identification of this medicinal plant.

Lamiaceae↗

PubMed2001

A computer-assisted approach for chemotaxonomic studies--diterpenes in Lamiaceae.

This paper describes a new computer approach for chemotaxonomic studies. The methodology employed enables the search for chemical substructures as taxonomic descriptors using an expert system built with plant natural products. The operation of the system was tested with diterpenes as taxonomic markers in Lamiaceae.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed2002

A chlorinated monoterpene ketone, acylated beta-sitosterol glycosides and a flavanone glycoside from Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae).

Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae), an aromatic herb yielded a new halogenated chloro-derivative of menthone (longifone), two new derivatives of beta-sitosterol glycoside (longiside-A and -B) and a new flavanone-glycoside (longitin). The beta-sitosterol and flavanone glycosides were purified as their acetate derivatives. Structures of all the isolated constituents were elucidated with the aid of HMBC techniques. However, the structure of longifone was also determined through X-ray crystallography.

Acylation↗

PubMed2002

Scutellarein 4'-methyl ether glycosides as taxonomic markers in Teucridium and Tripora (Lamiaceae, Ajugoideae).

The flavonoid profiles of two monotypic genera, Teucridium and Tripora, have been studied by analytical methods. These genera were formerly placed in the Verbenaceae, but are now classified in the Lamiaceae, subfamily Ajugoideae. The major flavonoids of both genera were identified as glycosides of scutellarein 4'-methyl ether (5,6,7-trihydroxy-4'methoxyflavone) and acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone). The new flavone glycoside, scutellarein 4'-methyl ether 7-O-rutinoside, was isolated from Teucridium parvifolium and the rare scutellarein 4'-methyl ether 7-O-glucuronide from Tripora divaricata. The latter compound has only been reported previously in the related genus Clerodendron. The potential of these flavonoids as taxonomic markers for the tribe Ajugoideae is discussed.

Apigenin↗

PubMed2001

Effect of aqueous extracts of some plants of Lamiaceae family on the growth of Yarrowia lipolytica.

Aqueous extracts of some plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family (Sideritis montana, Origanum dictamnus, Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinallis and Origanum marjorana) caused an important increase of the lag time of Yarrowia lipolytica. Especially, Origanum dictamnus and Rosmarinus officinallis extracts enhanced the lag time considerably and influenced negatively the specific growth rate of this yeast. In culture media having low C/N ratio, all plant extracts caused an increase of the biomass produced in relation to glucose and nitrogen consumed, while, in high C/N ratio media the effect of the extracts on biomass production was negative. In the presence of aqueous plant extracts, in low C/N ratio culture media, the ratio sigma unsaturated/sigma saturated fatty acids in the cellular lipids increased, whereas in high C/N ratio media it decreased.

Antibiosis↗

PubMed2002

Gastric cytoprotective anti-ulcer effects of the leaf methanol extract of Ocimum suave (Lamiaceae) in rats.

The anti-ulcerogenic potential of the leaf methanol extract of Ocimum suave (Lamiaceae) was investigated using four methods of gastric lesion induction in experimental Wistar rats (150-200 g): (1) HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions, (2) Absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions, (3) Indomethacin-HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions, (4) Pylorus ligation-induced gastric lesions. Administration of the extract of O. suave to the rats by oral route (75-500 mg/kg) dose-dependently prevented the formation of acute gastric lesions induced using the four experimental techniques. The dose-dependent reduction of lesion formation was in all cases accompanied by significant increases in gastric mucus production. At the dose of 250 mg/kg there was complete inhibition of gastric lesions induced using the HCl/ethanol solution. Pre-treatment, by intraperitoneal route, with indomethacin significantly reduced the ability of the extract to inhibit the formation of HCl/ethanol-induced lesions. When the rats were subjected to pylorus ligation, the dose of 500 mg/kg completely inhibited lesion formation but did not have any effect on gastric acid secretion compared with the controls. The mucus secretion promoting effect of the extract was most significant when the gastric environment was highly acidic. These results suggest that a new anti-ulcer therapy regimen may be formulated which does not require the use of antacids and anti-secretory agents.

Animals↗