PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Landraces”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Subtle but Significant: Intraspecific Genome Size Variation in Durum Wheat Landraces and Cultivars.

Genome size is a significant trait connected to the evolutionary history of plants and frequently linked to speciation events. In the current study, we evaluated intraspecific variation in 2C-values across a durum wheat collection comprising landraces and cultivars of diverse origins, preserved in the Cypriot gene bank. Forty-seven accessions were analysed by Propidium Iodide (PI) staining/flow cytometry (FCM), and subtle differences were noted. 2C content varied from 25.04 pg for Kyperounta landrace to 26.78 pg for ARI00068. In general, 2C value overlap was observed across the collection, although some accessions were distinguished. Comparison among landraces and modern varieties indicated that landraces exhibit a broader range of 2C content than cultivars, but a clear clustering based on geographic origin was not observed. The genome size data provided here could offer an additional layer of information for germplasm collections and serve as a stepping stone for further omics analyses.

Cypriot landraces↗
PubMed2026

Multi-omics analysis identifies key genes and functional loci affecting teat number in American Large White and Landrace pigs and their application in optimizing genomic selection models.

BACKGROUND: Teat number is a crucial economic trait in pigs. It directly affects the ability of sows to lactate, which in turn influences the survival and health of piglets. The teat number of French Large White pigs is close to 16, while the teat number of American Large White and Landrace pigs is about 14. In order to improve the teat number of American Landrace and Large White pigs through molecular approaches and precise breeding techniques, we genotyped 2,131 American Landrace and 4,564 American Large White with teat number phenotype using a 50 K SNP chip. Then, the SNP-chip data was imputed to the level of whole-genome sequencing (iWGS). Based on iWGS data, we conducted GWAS to identify novel, significant SNPs associated with teat number and to incorporate them into genomic selection. RESULTS: In Landrace pigs, significant SNPs for TTN mapped to SSC2, SSC7, SSC8, and SSC14; the SSC8 and SSC14 effects are novel. LTN mapped to SSC7, RTN to SSC7 and SSC8. The lead SSC7 SNP explained 2.60% of TTN phenotypic variance. In Large White pigs, significant SNPs were detected on SSC7 and SSC10 for TTN; SSC7, SSC10, and SSC12 for LTN; and SSC7 and SSC10 for RTN. The most significant locus on SSC7 accounted for 2.99% of the phenotypic variance in TTN. Additionally, a multi-population meta-analysis detected significant novel SNPs for LTN on SSC1 and SSC8. By utilizing Bayesian fine mapping, the most precise QTL confidence interval on SSC7 for both TTN and RTN in Large White pigs was reduced to 40 kb. By integrating functional gene annotation with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data from Erhualian and Bamaxiang pigs mammary placodes at embryonic day 26, we prioritized PTPN13, TRPV3, ZDHHC13, and BRD2 as novel candidate genes for teat number. We then incorporated the significant SNPs to GBLUP and benchmarked genomic-selection accuracy. In both breeds, fitting the top SNP as fixed maximized prediction for TTN and RTN, whereas treating all significant loci as an additional random effect optimized LTN. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide a theoretical basis for dissecting new key genes affecting teat number and for advancing molecular breeding of teat number in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Metabolomic and structural signatures of pigmented and non-pigmented Himalayan rice landraces.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the anti-oxidant properties, starch composition, pasting behavior, structural properties, textural properties and non-targeted metabolomic profiles of pigmented and non-pigmented rice landraces as potential next-generation functional food ingredients. RESULTS: Pigmented rice demonstrated 1.34 times more anti-oxidant activity as compared to non-pigmented rice. Pigmented landraces showcased superior nutritional and functional attributes, including higher total dietary fiber and starch content. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed distinct molecular signatures with enhanced peak transmittance, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated greater crystallinity ranging from 36-44.3% in pigmented rice compared with 30-40% in non-pigmented rice, suggesting improved digestibility and processing versatility. Pigmented rice recorded less amylose content hence tended to possess increased adhesiveness values whereas non-pigmented rice revealed greater amylose content hence was coupled with greater hardness values. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed that pigmented rice had densely packed and polygonal starch granules whereas non-pigmented rice had loosely packed starch granules with intergranular voids. Untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling identified 84 metabolites, including unique compounds such as 3,3-dimethylbutanol and ethanoic acid, along with shared metabolites such as sucrose and linoleic acid, highlighting notable biochemical diversity. Multivariate statistical analyses using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping further differentiated the metabolomic landscapes, with variable importance in the projection (VIP) scores identifying key bioactive contributors. CONCLUSION: Pigmented rice landraces exhibited significant functional and nutritional advantages, making them promising candidates for functional food development and nutritional improvement programs. These findings support their potential role in advancing sustainable and health-oriented food systems. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Oryza↗
PubMed2026

Whole genome sequence data on Ethiopian key sorghum landraces and founder lines.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth most important cereal globally. Its genetic diversity is key to improving yield stability, stress tolerance, and adaptation to different environments. Ethiopia is one of the centers for the crop's origin, diversity, and use in both human food and livestock feed. However, genomic data on Ethiopian sorghum remain limited, especially for landraces preferred by local farmers. This dataset consists of whole-genome sequencing data for 188 Ethiopian sorghum accessions, including founder lines and important landraces from major agroecological zones. Sequencing was performed using the Complete Genomics DNBSEQ-T7 platform, generating high-coverage whole-genome data (20 &#xd7; coverage). On average, each accession produced 64.7 million reads. Reads were aligned to the Sorghum bicolor NCBIv3 reference genome and variants called using GATK HaplotypeCaller with joint genotyping (GATK v4.6.1.0). Hard-filtering followed GATK best-practice thresholds (QD <2.0, FS> 60.0, MQ <40.0, MQRankSum <-12.5, ReadPosRankSum <-8.0), retaining biallelic SNPs with mean depth 10-50&#xd7;, missingness &#x2264;20%, and MAF &#x2265;0.05, yielding 6095,752 high-confidence SNPs across 185 accessions. Both the raw FASTQ files and processed VCF files are publicly available to support studies of sorghum genetic diversity, population structure, selection, and the genetic basis of important traits.

Adaptation↗
PubMed2026

Molecular mechanisms underlying low glycemic index in rice: Insights from Indian landrace diversity.

The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially among populations with high rice consumption, underscores the need for functional staple crops with a low glycemic index (GI). This review examines the molecular and genetic factors influencing low-GI traits in rice, highlighting the importance of diversity within Indian landraces. Traditional cultivars like Mappillai Samba, Karuppu Kavuni and Kattuyanam contains high level of Resistant starch, dietary fiber and bioactive phytochemicals. The Waxy (Wx) gene, which codes for granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), is very important for controlling the production of amylose. For example, functional alleles like Wxa and Wxlv are linked to higher amylose levels and lower starch digestibility. Moreover, secondary metabolites, such as anthocyanins and phytosterols like stigmasterol, play a role in regulating blood sugar levels by stopping the activities of &#x3b1;-amylase and &#x3b1;-glucosidase. Interactions within the starch-dietary matrix, including starch-protein, starch-lipid, and starch-polyphenol complexes, further influence enzymatic hydrolysis and glucose release kinetics. Recent advancements in genomics, encompassing QTL mapping and gene editing techniques, offer innovative prospects for the creation of biofortified, low-GI rice cultivars. The integration of these molecular insights into rice breeding programs can facilitate the development of low-glycemic, nutritionally enhanced rice cultivars that contribute to improved metabolic health and food security.

Oryza↗
PubMed2026

Genomic diversity, inbreeding, and selection signatures in duroc, landrace, and yorkshire pigs from a long-term closed breeding system.

Duroc (DD), Landrace (LL), and Yorkshire (YY) are among the most widely used commercial pig breeds, having undergone intense long-term selection within closed breeding systems. This study presents a comprehensive genomic analysis of genetic diversity, inbreeding patterns, and selection signatures in DD, LL, and YY populations that have been subject to close breeding for over 15 years. Genomic and pedigree data were available for 1,088 animals (DD&#x2009;=&#x2009;348, LL&#x2009;=&#x2009;276, YY&#x2009;=&#x2009;464), genotyped using the GenoBaits&#xae; Porcine 100&#xa0;K SNP panel. Principal component analysis and genetic diversity metrics revealed distinct population structures among the three breeds. Pairwise genetic differentiation supported this pattern, with DD showing the greatest divergence from LL (0.34&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.24) and YY (0.33&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.24), while LL and YY were more closely related (FST&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.22&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.19). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis further confirmed these differences, as DD exhibited the highest average r&#xb2; (0.34), followed by LL (0.28) and YY (0.25). Within-breed genetic diversity metrics, including observed heterozygosity (HO: 0.37 in DD, 0.39 in LL, 0.38 in YY), expected heterozygosity (HE: 0.36 in DD, 0.37 in LL, 0.38 in YY), and minor allele frequency (MAF: 0.27 in DD, 0.28 in LL, 0.29 in YY), indicated greater genetic variability in LL and YY compared to DD. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) analyses revealed different patterns of autozygosity, with DD exhibiting more long ROH indicative of recent inbreeding, while YY harbored a higher number of short ROH, suggestive of more ancient demographic events. ROH-based inbreeding coefficients (FROH) consistently exceeded pedigree-based estimates (FPED) across all breeds, highlighting the presence of recent or unrecorded inbreeding that pedigree data may not fully capture. According to Generation Proxy Selection Mapping (GPSM), 17, 1, and 12 significant SNPs were detected in DD, LL, and YY, respectively. Functional annotation of ROH islands and GPSM-significant loci revealed both breed-specific and overlapping QTLs related to traits such as growth, reproduction, and carcass. In general, the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genomic consequences of long-term closed breeding and provide reference information to support consideration of breeding strategies that balance continued selection for productivity with the maintenance of genetic diversity in modern commercial pig populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Functional additive effect of H blood group alleles on carcass length in Danish landrace pigs.

Previous investigations have revealed statistically significant associations between H blood group genotypes and carcass length in Danish Landrace pigs. The same data were subjected to an analysis aimed at a genetic interpretation of the associations. The regression of the average carcass length (in cm) on the average number of H- alleles for individuals within three genetically characterized classes was 0.725 and the correlation coefficient was 0.995. The results indicate that the associations can be interpreted as being due to an additive effect of the H blood group alleles on carcass length. The additive effect is designated as being functional. A similar effect is expected with respect to any allelic pair exhibiting linkage disequilibrium with alleles at the H locus.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Genetic and non-genetic effects on plasma LH concentrations in lambs at 4 and 8 weeks of age.

Plasma LH was measured at 4 and 8 weeks of age in purebred lambs born to Finnish Landrace, Galway, Fingalway and High Fertility ewes. The average litter sizes for these breeds vary from 1.4 to 2.5. Lambs born after the transfer of fertilized eggs (all Fingalway) to Finnish Landrace, Galway and Fingalway ewes were also studied. There was evidence for a significant positive effect of selection for litter size within the Galway breed on plasma LH at 8 weeks of age. Finnish Landrace lambs had significantly higher levels of plasma LH at 8 weeks of age than did Galway Control lambs. These two groups did not differ with respect to plasma LH at 4 weeks of age. Non-additive genetic effects were significant at 4 weeks of age. The ranking of genetic groups on plasma LH was not consistent with their ranking for litter size. There was no evidence for a maternal effect associated with breed of dam on plasma LH and the effects of litter size were generally insignificant. Female lambs had significantly higher levels of LH at 4 weeks of age but there was no sex difference at 8 weeks because LH levels in males had increased. The correlation between the level of plasma LH at 4 and 8 weeks of age was -0.04. It is concluded that plasma LH is unlikely to prove a practical aid to selection for increased fecundity in sheep.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[Blood characteristics of some french pig populations. Relationships with the malignant hyperthermia syndrome (author's transl)].

Lactic acid, glucose, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and some mineral components were determined in the blood of piglets before and after a halothane test of five minutes (only before for CPK). Two different experimental groups were studied: 222 Pietrain piglets from an INRA experimental herd, and 325 piglets from the Large White, French Landrace and Belgian Landrace breeds entering performance testing stations. Animals reacting positively to halothane ("MHS" piglets) have significantly higher blood levels of lactic acid and potassium before anesthesia than normal animals. CPK is also higher, except for the Belgian Landrace: in this breed CPK shows the same average value and distribution in the two groups of piglets (normal and MHS). There are also breed differences in blood magnesium, independently of the reaction to halothane. But the breed differences observed in lactic acid and CPK are related to the proportion of MHS piglets in each breed. Anesthesia by means of halothane lowers the measured blood characteristics--except for glucose--in normal animals, and rises them--except for potassium--in MHS piglets. The results are discussed in view of the incomplete discrimination between the two types of pigs, with a 5 minutes test, and, particularly, considering possible breed differences in that respect.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide association and selective sweep analyses reveal genetic loci for teat number trait in pigs.

Teat number is a key reproductive trait for the commercial pig industry, as an optimum number enhances weaned piglet survival rate. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with teat number in the Large White sow. A total of 1000 French Large White sows were used in an analysis of total, left/right, and maximum unilateral teat number. Environmental factor, Spearman correlation, genome-wide association study (GWAS), linkage disequilibrium, and selective sweep analyses were conducted, with validation performed in a population of 1145 Landrace pigs. Genetic statistics showed that this population's teat number had moderate-low genomic heritability (h2&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.17-0.21) and weak negative correlation with weaned piglet litter weight. Parity and season affected teat development. GWAS identified 17 candidate SNPs on SSC 4, 7, and 17. Combined with selective sweep analysis, two key regions on SSC 7 were found, with four teat number-related SNPs, annotated to VRTN, DIO2, NRXN3. These candidate genes are associated with thoracic vertebrae development, hormone regulation during the early stage of teat formation, and nervous system development. These five SNPs showed similar results in the Landrace pig validation population; non-mutant homozygotes had 0.25-1.15 more teats than mutant ones in both populations. This study contributes to the identification of key variant loci associated with teat number-related traits in sows, thereby providing reliable molecular markers and a theoretical basis for marker-assisted selection of sow reproductive performance.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

From bottleneck to boom: Polyploidy, genetic instability and response to artificial selection resolve the peanut paradox.

This study, the second in a three-part series, shows how peanut's polyploid origin enabled rapid diversification and enhanced domestication potential. Building on the knowledge that cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) originated from a narrow hybridization between Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipa&#xeb;nsis less than 10&#x2009;000&#x2009;years ago, we are confronted with a paradox: how did such a narrow origin give rise to so much diversity-two subspecies, six botanical varieties, and thousands of landraces differing in growth habit, seed size, and pod morphology? Although several diploid Arachis species were cultivated earlier, only the allotetraploid became fully domesticated and widely adopted. The global success of peanut, despite its narrow genetic origin, suggests that polyploidization itself facilitated domestication. To test this hypothesis, we investigated how the two diploid progenitors and neoallotetraploids derived from a single hybridization and polyploidization event responded under artificial selection. In a pollinator-free greenhouse, we advanced lineages of the neoallotetraploid and its diploid parents over 6&#x2009;years, selecting for divergent seed weights. The neoallotetraploid showed a much stronger response to artificial selection than its diploid parents, while also spontaneously generating diverse phenotypic variation-including flower color, pod reticulation, and chlorophyll content-traits that distinguish A. hypogaea subspecies and landraces. These traits mirrored directional shifts in parental genome dosage caused by homoeologous exchange, supporting a causal connection with phenotype. These findings offer a compelling rationale for a domestication advantage in polyploid peanut, and provide a living demonstration of how a single ancestral tetraploid, despite an extreme genetic bottleneck, generates a phenotypic boom.

Arachis↗
PubMed2026

Development and optimization of T-ARMS PCR assays for detection of lethal haplotypes of TADA2A, UR1B, and PORL1B in pigs in Vietnam.

Marker-assisted selection has increasingly relied on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as robust genetic markers, particularly in livestock breeding programs. In pig farming, embryonic mortality significantly affects litter size, and SNPs in reference genes have been implicated as potential causal factors. We developed and optimized a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (T-ARMS) PCR assay for rapid, cost-effective detection of SNPs in 3 candidate genes-TADA2A, PORL1B, URB1-that are associated with embryonic lethality and reproductive performance. Primer sets were designed based on known mutation sites and validated using synthetic gene constructs and porcine genomic DNA from pigs of Duroc and Landrace breeds. Optimization of annealing temperatures and primer concentration ratios yielded distinct and reproducible allele-specific amplicon patterns that were corroborated by PCR-RFLP and Sanger sequencing. Our T-ARMS PCR protocol, which requires minimal equipment and reduces processing time to <3&#x2009;h, had high specificity and efficiency in differentiating wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous mutant genotypes in 20 Duroc and 20 Landrace pigs. Our Tetra-ARMS PCR assay is a robust and economically viable tool for SNP genotyping in pig breeding programs, potentially contributing to the reduction of embryonic lethality and the improvement of overall reproductive outcomes.

Sus scrofa↗
PubMed1975

Repeatability of the duration of oestrus and breed differences in the relationship between druation of oestrus and ovulation rate of sheep.

The duration of oestrus and the time interval from removal of progestagen-impregnated pessaries to the onset and end of oestrus were examined in Texel, Finnish Landrace, Galway and Fingalway (Finnish Landrace X Galway) ewes. The differences among the breeds in the relationship between these variables and ovulation rate at the controlled oestrus were also investigated. Breed differences were significant for all traits except the interval from pessary withdrawal to the onset of oestrus. The relationship between ovulation rate and both the interval from pessary withdrawal to the onset of oestrus and the duration of oestrus differed significantly among the breeds. The repeatability of the duration of oestrus was significant for Texel and Rambouillet ewes (mean = 0.5) and for pooled data from ewe lambs of various breeds. It was concluded that, in view of the breed differences in the relationship between ovulation rate and duration of oestrus and other traits, generalizations should not be made from among-breed to within-breed relationships. The high repeatability for the duration of oestrus may mean substantial heritabilities for the physiological determinants of oestrus duration.

Animals↗