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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Limitations to maximum oxygen uptake in arms, leg, and combined arm-leg ergometry.

Our purpose was to study the effect of arm, leg, and combined arm-leg ergometry on the oxygen uptake (Vo2), cardiac output (Q), ventilation, and anaerobic threshold (AT) of three healthy men. At submaximum work intensities, Vo2 was not significantly different in the three tasks, but differences were observed for heart rate, ventilation, and Q. The AT was reached at progressively higher work rates in arm, leg and combined arm-leg ergometry, respectively. The Vo2 max in arm ergometry averaged 68 percent of the Vo2max in leg ergometry and 60 percent of Vo2 max in combined arm-leg ergometry. Two subjects with Vo2max's less than 45 ml/kg-min had a mean Vo2max in combined arm-leg ergometry 19 per cent higher than in leg ergometry. A third subject, with a Vo2max greater than 50 ml/kg-min, showed no change. Differences in Vo2max were primarily due to the differences in Q. Skeletal muscle blood flow appears to be a critical factor in the limitation of Vo2max in arm or leg ergometry.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Leg blood flow and muscle metabolism in occlusive arterial disease of the leg before and after reconstructive surgery.

1. Leg blood flow, uptake of oxygen and glucose and release of lactate by the leg and changes in intramuscular concentrations of metabolites were studied at rest and during exercise of increasing work loads in thirteen patients with occlusive disease of the iliac or superficial femoral arteries. 2. Leg blood flow (dye-dilution technique) and oxygen uptake during exercise were low and levelled with increasing work load. Considerable increases were noted in muscle lactate concentration and in the net release of lactate from the exercising leg. Muscle content (needle-biopsy technique) of ATP and creatine phosphate decreased during exercise, with an almost complete depletion of creatine phosphate in three patients. The decrease in muscle glycogen during work did not differ significantly from that of control subjects. 3. Repeated exercise after reconstructive surgery showed a considerable improvement in physical working capacity. Leg blood flow and oxygen uptake during exercise were significantly higher than before surgery and increased linearly in relation to work intensity. The decrease in creatine phosphate and lactate concentration of the thigh muscle during exercise was less pronounced and the release of lactate was lower than before vascular reconstruction. 4. It is suggested that the onset of the severe muscle symptoms during exercise in patients with occlusive arterial disease of the leg may be related to a low concentration of ATP and creatine phosphate in the affected muscles.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1975

One-legged pedalling compared with two-legged pedalling on a bicycle ergometer as a basis for assessing physical condition in terms of the cardio-respiratory response to exercise.

An assessment has been made of the linearity of the relationship between oxygen uptake and cardio-respiratory parameters measured during pedalling with one leg on an upright bicycle ergometer. Four young male subjects pedalled at four submaximal grades. Individual regression lines of heart rate on oxygen uptake; minute ventilation on oxygen uptake; and carbon dioxide on oxygen uptake were found to have significantly high correlation coefficients. A comparison was made in 21 healthy males, of mean age 34 years (range 20-61 years), between the effects of pedaliling with one leg or two legs on the heart rate, minute ventilation and carbon dioxide production were significantly higher during work with one leg then with two legs, but there was no significant difference in the heart rates. The oxygen cost of pedalling with one leg instead of two was also higher. The comparisons were made at a standard oxygen uptake of 1.0 1 min minus 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of intravenously injected 201thallium in the legs duging walking. A new test for assessing arterial insufficiency in the legs.

There is a multitude of method for assessing the efficiency of the arterial circulation in the legs. Most of these methods can give conclusive information about the patency of the main arteries in the leg; the level of an arterial obstruction can also be estimated. However, none of these methods provides a direct estimate of the functional importance of arterial lesions of light to moderate severity. The present report describes preliminary findings of the distribution of intravenously injected 201Thallium, a potassium analogue, in the legs during exercise provoking symptoms of ischemia. From this pilot study the general impression is that the thallium uptake pattern corresponds well with the clinical, physiologic, and angiographic picture.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1978

The place of the cross-leg flap in reconstructive surgery of the lower leg and foot: a review of 165 cases.

In a series of 165 cross-leg flaps, 94 per cent were successful. Some degree of necrosis occurred in almost half of them. Major necrosis requiring split-skin grafting occurred in less than one-fifth. Thrombo-embolic complications were rare and mainly in the older age group. The retunr of sensation was good; better in the flap than in the donor site. The long-term results were good with a low complication rate. On weight-bearing surfaces the cross-leg flap skin stands up well to wear and tear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Repair of skin and soft tissue loss of the lower leg with cross-leg flaps.

Forty patients with severe leg injuries associated with skin or soft tissue loss were treated. Cross-leg flaps were used. The flaps healed well. Special attention was paid to the pre- and postoperative periods of disability of the patients. The former were very long (37.7 months) compared to the latter (10.5 months) which ceased when the patient became fit for work.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Changes in the metabolism of the shivering hind leg of the young ox during several days of continuous cold exposure.

The effect of 4 days of continuous exposure to a cold environment on blood flow in, and oxygen and energy substrate uptake by the shivering hind leg has been studied in young steers. The animals shivered throughout the period of cold exposure and total oxygen consumption (total VO2) remained 40-50% greater than VO2 during thermoneutrality. Leg blood flow (leg Q) and oxygen uptake (leg VO2) increased two- and four-fold respectively on the first day of cold. Both had declined significantly by the final day, leg Q to a level 37% greater than, and leg VO2 to about double, pre-cold levels. The change in the relationships of leg Q and leg VO2 to total VO2 was examined by linear regression analysis, which suggested that the changing contribution of leg VO2 to total VO2 was entirely due to changes in leg Q, rather than in the arteriovenous difference in blood oxyhaemoglobin saturation across the leg. The net uptakes by the leg of free fatty acids (FFA), acetate, glucose and lactate all increased on the first day of cold. Both glucose and acetate uptakes were greater on day 4 than on day 1 in the cold, in spite of the lower leg VO2, but net uptakes of FFA and lactate were considerably lower. The decrease in net uptake of FFA is attributed mainly to an increase in the rate of lipolysis and release of FFA from fat depots in the leg, because of the associated progressive increase in the release of glycerol and oleic acid from the leg. The molar ratios of net carbohydrate substrate, acetate and FFA uptakes to leg VO2 are compared. The results suggest that tissues other than the leg muscles become increasingly important as sites of heat production, and that there are changes in the utilization of glucose, acetate and FFA by shivering muscle, during prolonged cold exposure.

Acetates↗
PubMed1975

Acute cold exposure and the metabolism of blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate, and plasma amino acids in the hind leg of the fed and fasted young ox.

1. Young steers were fed either 3-4 or 20 h before exposure to a thermoneutral or a moderately cold environment. Measurements were made of total oxygen consumption (total V 0-2), respiratory quotient (rq), blood packed cell volume (PCV), and hind-leg blood flow (leg Q) and oxygen uptake (leg VO-2). The arteriovenous differences in whole blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate, and individual amino acid and urea concentrations across the leg were also measured. Net exchange and fractional uptake of these metabolites by the leg were calculated from these results. 2. Cold exposure doubled total VO-2, significantly decreased RQ and significantly increased PCV. Leg Q and leg VO-2 increased 3- to 5-fold and 4- to 13-fold respectively in both feeding groups. Arterial blood glucose increased slightly but significantly in both 20 h- and 3 h-fed steers. There was a substantial increase in mean net leg uptake of glucose in both feeding groups. This was much greater in the 20 h-fed group because of the significant increase in fractional uptake occurring only in this group. Cold did not significantly affect arterial blood lactate or pyruvate levels, but the net leg output of lactate found in both feeding groups in thermoneutrality was increased in the 20 h-fed steers, and reversed to a net uptake in the 3 h-fed animals. Cold caused a small but significant decrease in the total plasma amino acid level in the 20 h-fed but not in the 3 h-fed group; individual amino acid levels or leg uptakes were not affected. 3. Feeding before the experiment caused a significant increase in RQ. Leg Q, leg uptake of glucose and leg output of lactate increased after feeding in the thermoneutral environment only. Arterial pyruvate increased significantly, but net leg output was not significantly affected by feeding. Arterial plasma concentration of several individual, but not of total amino acids, increased significantly in both environments, and the net output of many individual amino acids in the 20 h-fed steers was decreased or reversed to a net uptake in the 3 h-fed group in thermoneutrality only. 4. The results suggest that blood glucose could be a significant fuel for oxidation in shivering skeletal muscle in young steers, and that output of amino acids from skeletal muscle could not contribute significantly to this increased glucose supply by hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Acclimatization↗