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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Effect of international legislation on veterinary medicine in The Netherlands].

The development of legislation in the veterinary field in the Netherlands under the influence of agreements with separate countries or that resulting from EEC directives is reviewed. The effects of international legislation on veterinary practice are elucidated with disease control in animals, equalization of certificates, animal welfare and the problem of residues. Effects on the authorities occur by way of EEC directives in the field of commercial traffic in fresh meat, fresh poultry meat and manufactured meats, bilateral agreements with third countries, international transport of animals and veterinary education. Attention is paid to the advisory role of the Federation of Veterinarians of the EEC (FVE) in EEC legislation in the veterinary field. In discussing future developments in legislation in the veterinary sphere, the Veterinary Medicinal Products Act, the Veterinary Surgeons' Act, the Animal Health and Welfare Act and the Integrated Surveillance System of the Animal and Meat Production Chain are referred to.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Salmonella in pigs and animal feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark.

A comparison has been made between the incidence of salmonellas in pigs and feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark. In Denmark there is veterinary legislation requiring the sterilization of imported and home produced feed ingredients of animal origin. There is no such legislation in England and Wales. In Denmark 0.3% of resterilized imported meat and bone meal was contaminated with salmonellas. This compared with 23% of meat and bone meal in England and Wales and 20-27% of other ingredients of animal origin. In England and Wales salmonellas were isolated from 7% of caecal samples and 6% of lymph node samples, while in Denmark they were isolated from 3% of caecal samples and 4% of lymph node samples. In England and Wales 25 serotypes were found in both pigs and feeds and these included nearly all the most prevalent human pathogens. In Denmark four of the six serotypes in pigs had been found in resterilized feed. One notable difference between the two studies was the very wide range of serotypes found in pigs in England and Wales and the narrow range in Denmark. A second was that Salmonella typhimurium formed 15% of all Salmonella strains isolated from pigs in England and Wales, and 60% of those in Denmark.It is concluded that sterilization of animal raw ingredients in Denmark has reduced pig infections with types other than S. typhimurium that are found in England and Wales, but not with S. typhimurium. It is possible that this is because S. typhimurium once introduced into pigs is able to establish itself more easily than other serotypes.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Quality control of the private veterinary profession in The Netherlands.

It was as early as the 19th Century when attempts were first made to organise the veterinary profession in The Netherlands into a professional association. Since then, the Royal Veterinary Association of The Netherlands has developed into an organisation which fully promotes the interests of the profession. From the beginning, the issues of professional standards and veterinary legislation were given high priority, and codes of conduct were established with the aim of improving the quality of professional veterinary practice. Having some form of independent regulatory body has always been important for maintaining these professional standards, even if history has taught us that establishing such independent testing and sanctioning facilities is a laborious process that requires perseverance and patience. By organising the control of animal diseases and promoting public health (e.g. meat inspection), the veterinary profession has always had a key role to play in the food production industry, and quality control programmes that monitor the food production chain now make use of veterinary surgeons tested by external organisations. To avoid any semblance of a conflict of interest, a new organisational structure has been developed recently: the Veterinary Quality Organisation (VKO: Veterinair Kwaliteits Orgaan). The VKO maintains the register of qualified veterinarians, upholds standards and organises the independent quality control of the profession.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2000

[From horse doctor to cow leech to veterinary manager. Regulation of the market for veterinary services in historical perspective].

In the course of the last two centuries veterinarians succeeded in gaining a monopoly with respect to a number of specific tasks within society under the motto "to the benefit of man and animal alike". Today, a veterinary infrastructure exists in the western world, which is usually taken for granted by society. Before the responsibility for maintaining animal resources and protecting both animal and human health were entrusted to veterinarians, both the process of scientific progress and professionalization of veterinary medicine were necessary. In this paper the regulation of the market for veterinary services in The Netherlands is decribed. Until World War II, the military and the colonies represented a major demand for veterinary services. A healthly livestock has always been considered as a main concern by the Dutch government with respect to the domestic food supply as well as exports. State intervention concerning veterinary medicine therefore focused on the organized campaigns against livestock diseases. Early national veterinary legislation originated from this concern, as is still the case today within the EU framework. The protection of human health only became part of the veterinary professional domain at a relatively late stage. Due to a strong economic growth from the 1960s onwards, veterinary practice was extended with the care for an increasing number of companion animals. The veterinary profession and its employment are subject to changes in society, such as the number of animals and the significance that is paid to the different species. In 1900 there were 4 million production animals in The Netherlands, while the human population counted 5 million. One century later, not less than approximately 130 million farm animals and 30 million companion animals are living in this country, which now has about 16 million inhabitants. Consquently, the total number of active vets increased from about 250 to 4,000 in the same period, while the number of group and solo practices both increased.

Commerce↗
PubMed1980

[Epizootiological prerequisites and results of use of live vaccines].

Immunobiological action holds a firm position in veterinary legislation of the GDR with regard to the prevention and control of zoonoses, parasitoses, and other risk factors. Here are some of the conditions which have to be satisfied for systematic and purpose-oriented application of live vaccines: (a) Stringent procedures and rules for testing and acceptance of pharmaceutical preparations; (b) Availability of scientifically founded concepts of application which have to be submitted for translation from research to production and for acceptance and which require for use under practice conditions prior permission of veterinary authorities or other legal consent; (c) Knowledge of both prevalence and incidence of the epidemic diseases for which live vaccines are to be used in prophylaxis and after-care; (d) Verification of good success of live vaccines (decline and regression of diseases or reduction of economic loss) and identification of factors with detrimental impact upon effectiveness; (e) High organisational efficiency of public veterinary services and availability of comprehensive networks for diagnosis to ensure effectiveness and harmlessness of all strategical and tactical measures taken. In the GDR, the above demands are met. The epizootiological situation has clearly improved. Appropriate and meaningful use of live vaccines is not contradictory to culling concepts. Whenever the use of live vaccines appears to be impermissible for epizootiological and other reasons, the possible economic damage likely to result from non-use should be included in the discussion. The latter would be of particular importance in the context of industralised livestock farming with high concentration and specialisation.

Animal Diseases↗