PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Leishmaniasis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of France. 10. Developmental stages and clinical characterization of canine leishmaniasis in relation to epidemiology. (author's transl)].

In an analytical study of a focus of leishmaniasis in Southern France (Cévennes), a clinical, parasitological and immunological comparison was made of dogs with natural and experimental infections of leishmaniasis. Observations were made in longterm laboratory experiments and on dogs found infected in field surveys. Two main clinical forms, patent and latent, were apparent. The latent form could be further subdivided into two types namely preclinical (the commonor: about 90%) and resolving (about 10%). The epidemiological periods, can result on the maintenance of the parasites for several years without the need for transmission by the vector. The prevalence and duration of the different forms of disease in dogs are thought to be of great importance in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in foci in which canids are reservoir hosts.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Leishmaniasis in Karamay. XI. The development of cutaneous leishmaniasis in monkey and man experimentally infected with Leishmania from Karamay big gerbil].

A monkey (Macaca rhesus) was inoculated subcutaneously with 2 Leishmania isolates (MRHC/CN/88/KXG-2 and MRHO/CN/90/KXG-56) from Karamay big gerbils (Rhombomys opimus) into the forehead and cheek, 36 days later ulceration with a diameter of 0.2cm occurred at 2 sites. The lesions persisted for 60 and 95 days respectively and then healed spontaneously. However, Leishmania could be detected from the dermal tissue for more than one year. When MRHO/CN/88/KXG-2 isolate was inoculated into the forearm or ear of the monkey, no ulceration but swelling was revealed at the sites of inoculation. Leishmania was found to be latent in the subcutaneous tissue of the forearm for more than 103 days. The monkey was dissected one year after inoculation, no evidence of visceral involvement was noted. Another isolate (MRHO/CN/87/KXG-12) was inoculated subcutaneously into the forearm of 2 healthy volunteers. One of them developed cutaneous leishmaniasis. An ulcer with a diameter of 0.4cm and a nodule as large as 0.9 x 1.5cm around the ulcer occurred at the inoculation site 128 days later. Leishmania parasites were found harboring in macrophages of the dermis and in the epithelial cells of hair follicles. The results indicate that Leishmania parasite of the Karamay big gerbils is pathogenic to monkey and man, in addition to the fact that human cutaneous leishmaniasis and gerbil's Leishmania co-exist in Karamay, it seems that big gerbil is a potential reservoir of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in this area.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Algeria. 7. Visceral leishmaniasis in the Grande Kabylie focus].

The authors present the results of a survey on visceral leishmaniasis in the Grande Kabylie region (Algeria). With a 2.6 human cases per 100,000 annual prevalence, and a 11.4 per cent incidence of canine leishmaniasis, the Grande Kabylie appears to be the most important focus of visceral leishmaniasis in North Africa. The endemicity ecological factors are discussed and a control program is proposed.

Algeria↗
PubMed1975

Leishmaniasis in Brazil: X. Some observations of intradermal reactions to different trypanosomatid antigens of patients suffering from cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

In spite of the difficulty of antigen standardization, paired intradermal skin tests demonstrated qualitative differences between leishmanin and in vitro exo-antigen. Some of these differences may be due to the destruction of certain antigens by phenol, while others seem to reflect basic antigenic differences. Leishmania mexicana amazonensis in vitro exo-antigen produced immediate anaphylactic reponses in 74.4% of the patients with parasitologically proven cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although more individuals responded to leishmanin, 82.4% as compared to 73.9%, the leishmanial in vitro exo-antigen gave significantly larger delayed responses, Trypanosoma cruzi trypamosomin elicited delayed reactions, while trypanosomal in vitro exo-antigen only produced immediate anaphylactic reactions in persons with active cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Comparative study of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in two strains of inbred mice.

Two Leishmania strains, AZV (isolated from a typical case of American cutaneous leishmaniasis) and AMP (from a case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis), were studied in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. After infection with 10(4) amastigotes of either strain, C57BL/6 mice developed self-resolving lesions lasting 20 to 23 weeks and showed both delayed hypersensitivity response to leishmanial antigen and specific agglutinating antibodies. On the other hand, BALB/c mice infected with 10(4) AZV or AMP amastigotes developed chronic, large, ulcerated lesions and showed impaired cellular and humoral responses to the parasite. When BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice received 10(2) AMP amastigotes, patterns of infection were similar to those observed after inoculation of 10(4) amastigotes. In vitro studies revealed that spleen cells from AZV- or AMP-infected C57BL/6 mice showed an increased DNA-synthetic response to leishmanial antigen, concanavalin A, and phytohemagglutinin. Spleen cells from AZV- or AMP-infected BALB/c mice showed an increased response to concanavalin A and diminished responses to leishmanial antigen, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Algeria. 6. Survey of clinical cases of infantile visceral leishmaniasis from 1965 to 1974].

The authors present the results of an inquiry conducted in the principal hospitals of Algeria. The number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis recorded over the last ten years (1965 to 1974) totaled 497. The disease occurs essentially in children under 5 years of age (94%); it is mainly detected in central and eastern parts of the Tell region: principally in the Grande Kabylie, Algerois and Constantinois areas (humid and sub-humid bioclimatic stages). The results of the malaria eradication campaign in relation to the incidence of visceral Leishmaniasis is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[American cutaneous and mucous leishmaniasis (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis)].

The American skin and mucous membrane leishmaniasis or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is induced through phlebotomus bites and occurs in South and Central America. Untreated severe multilating ulcerations of the face with involvement of oral, nasal, and pharyngeal mucous membranes may occur. Therapy consists of intramuscular administration of three- or pentavalent antimon preparations. In failure-patients amphotericin B is used instead.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecology of leishmaniasis in the south of France. 11. Canine leishmaniasis: successful experimental transmission from dog to dog by the bite of Phlebotomus ariasi Tonnoir, 1921 (author's transl)].

As part of a study of visceral leishmaniasis in the Cévennes in southern France, an infection was transmitted from dog to dog by the bite of a single sandfly, Phlebotomus ariasi Tonnoir, 1921. The role of this species as a vector, suspected from earlier studies, is, therefore, confirmed. Twenty female sandflies, which had engorged on a naturally infected dog 23 +/- 2 days previously were put with a healthy dog which, after an incubation period of 15 months, developed viscero-cutaneous leishmaniasis. In dissections of the sandflies immediately after contact with the experimental dog, it was found that only one had engorged. All of 17 sandflies dissected had midgut infections: 10 of these also had infections in the pharynx. The engorged specimen additionally had parasites in the proboscis, a condition thought by many workers to be necessary for the parasite to be transmitted by bite.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Algeria. 3. Systematic screening of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Biskra area].

In the Biskra area which is a historical focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the authors have carried out a systematic survey of the disease among the school age population (age interval: 6-15 years of age). The incidence of the disease found through the detection of suspect cutaneous leishmaniasis scars rose to 32.4%. The incidence brought about by intradermal skin-testing (to Leishmanin) was 76.9%. The comparative value of the two systematic survey methods is discussed with reference to the situation of other endemic foci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Studies on Mediterranean leishmaniasis: V.A. preliminary epidemiological survey of human leishmaniasis in Tuscany.

Leishmanin skin testing was performed on 1,285 people in the Tuscany region of Italy. In a known endemic area for leishmaniasis there was an increasing positivity with age, while in another area the curve was bell-shaped suggesting an interruption of transmission in the recent past. In all areas the positivity rate for males was higher than for females, but it was not possible to distinguish between areas of cutaneous and visceral disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Studies on Mediterranean leishmaniasis. IV. The leishmanin skin test in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The leishmanin skin test was used in four different areas of the Italian Adriatic coast (Emilia Romagna, Marche, San Marino and Abruzzi), old endemic areas for cutaneous leishmaniasis. The test was found to be postitive in 80% of past infections, the 20% negative reactions being found in those who had been infected 20 or more years before. In the old endemic area of Teramo there was increasing positivity with age, with a sharp rise in the over 30 years age group suggesting that there had been a sudden break in transmission 30 years ago, coinciding with the DDT campaign of 1944-45. In San Marino in the past overt infection had occurred in a number of small microfoci, centred on houses surrounded by a larger number of inapparent infection. Control studies on a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases were all negative, and there was no relationship between tuberculin and leishmanin sensitivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: B. Khorassan Part V: Report on a focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Esferayen.

During August and September 1975, an epidemiological investigation was carried out in another focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khorassan province namely the Esferayen district located in the north western part of this province. The disease in Esferayen area is of zoonotic type having Rhombomys opimus as reservoir and P. papatasi as vector.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epizoology of leishmaniasis in the province of Foggia: leishmaniasis in the dog].

The authors value the sensibility and the advantage of the different serological tests for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis (immunodiffusion, complement fixation and immunofluorescent tests) and give the results obtained from an epizoological survey carried out on dogs in the province of Foggia (Italy). The immunofluorescent test, whose positivity sera titre has fixed at the diluition of 1:10, resulted the most appropriate. In more than 400 animals examined, all from the 50 communes of the province of Foggia, the infection level of the dog by leishmania resulted to be 7.42%. If the three geographical zones, in which the province has been subdivided, are considered, this level varies from 10.21% for the subjects from the Gargano promontory, to 6.89% for those of the Subapennine Dauno, and to 5.55% for those of the Apulia plateau.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Visceral leishmaniasis in Algeria. Evolution of visceral leishmaniasis in the Grande Kabylie area (1985-1990)].

The authors report 285 cases of visceral leishmaniasis recorded over a 6 year-period from 1985-1990 in the Wilaya of Tizi-Ouzou (Grande Kabylie). The authors report a resurgence of this disease during the last years, with a 5 human cases per 100,000 annual prevalence and a 6 per cent of rate death, the most active part of mediterranean area appears to be the region of Grand-Kabylie. A control program in the Wilaya of Tizi-Ouzou is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecology of leishmaniasis in southern France. 9. Sampling methods in the study and analysis of canine enzootic leishmaniasis].

An account is given of the fundamental methods used on an investigation of the canine enzootic of leshmaniasis in the Cévennes. The objective was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of infection on dogs and the density of the sandfly vector. The basis of the work was a phyto-ecological map of the two parameters. The results are of epidemiological interest as a logical approach which enable comparisons to be made between ecologically homogeneous sectors or strata. In each stratum the methods were carried out in two steps: the rural parishes were designated as statistical units, and were then examined for clusters composed of the dogs of each parish. Strata of small size were more exhaustively examined than the largest. The clustering techniques clearly revealed a heterogeneity in the distribution of canine leishmaniasis and villages in which non infections were found, were next to others where dogs were infected. The development of the enzootic was seen to be by an increase in the number of microfoci, rather than by a spread of the existing foxi. Finally the methods revealed a gradient in the morbidity of dogs from the cost to the highest points of the mountainrange. This gradient was strongly linked to the distribution and density of the vector, Phlebotomus ariasi.

Animals↗