PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Acute basophilic leukemia.

Acute basophilic leukemia has recently been included into a revised classification of acute leukemias proposed by the WHO panel. Due to the rarity of the disease, consistent diagnostic criteria are lacking. We report on two cases of acute basophilic leukemia that occurred in our department during the last 10 yr. We focus on their clinical, morphological and cytogenetic presentation. Both patients were >60 yr of age, and presented in good clinical condition with alterations to their full blood count. None had cutaneous symptoms such as erythema or urticaria. Cytogenetic analyses in the first patient showed a normal karyotype, while the second displayed a translocation t(2;6); (q23?4;p22?3), as well as a del (12)(p11). Earlier observations have linked bone marrow basophilia either to a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 12 (p11-13), to translocations involving the long arm of chomosome 6 at 6q23 or to the translocation t(6,9); (p23;q34). However, other translocations involving chromosome 6p23 have not been described before. Treatment of our patients consisted of supportive treatment in the one with normal karyotype and aggressive chemotherapy in the other patient. Both patients died within one year after diagnosis due to progressive or recurrent leukemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Acute basophilic leukemia].

Acute basophilic leukemia is a relatively uncommon variant of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia accounting for 4-5 percent of cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and less than 2 percent of all hematopoietic malignancies. It is usually characterized by a very rapid clinical course, symptoms of hyperhistaminemia, peptic ulceration, gastrointestinal cerebrovascular bleeding and resistance to therapy. This leukemia is somewhat heterogeneous in term of morphology, immunology and chromosome alterations. No specific marker chromosome has been described but trisomy 8 and monosomy 7 are the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities. The cytochemical reactions in basophilic leukemia are positive results with toluidine blue and Astra blue stains. Peroxidase stain is reported to show positive reactions. Ultrastructural analysis usually reveals immature basophil granules and provides evidence of basophilic differentiation of the blasts.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Acute basophilic leukemia.

Acute basophilic leukemia was diagnosed in a 61-year-old black woman on the basis of 85 to 90 percent basophils in the peripheral blood as well as bone marrow and very high serum histamine level (more than 10,000 ng/ml). These complications occurred as a transformation from essential thrombocythemia. Accompanying this transformation, there was also cytogenetic change from 46XX karyotype to 46XX 2p+ in 66 to 90 percent of cells in the bone marrow. This may be the first reported occurrence of transformation of essential thrombocythemia into acute basophilic leukemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Diagnosis of acute basophilic leukemia.

De novo acute basophilic leukemia (ABL) is a rare form of acute leukemia. Most frequently, the blast cells are morphologically undifferentiated, and the recognition of the presence of coarse basophilic granules may be the first step in diagnosis of this rare disorder. These granules are metachromatic and MPO negative. Immunophenotyping shows myeloid markers and some more specifically associated antigens such as CD9 or CD25 which are strongly expressed. Lymphoid, erythroid or megakaryocytic markers are not significantly expressed. In the absence of basophilic granules, some cases are classified as AML M0 if they express myeloid markers, or undifferentiated leukemia if no markers are present. If specific immature basophilic or theta granules are present, only an electron microscopic study will enable the diagnosis of a basophilic lineage assignment. Some cases may be misdiagnosed if all these steps are not followed. After all these investigations, two types of ABL may be defined: 1-A pure ABL, monophenotypic with basophilic lineage involvement alone, which should be classified as AML M8 . Genetic studies in these cases are very important for understanding the leukemic process and in a few cases, we can suspect c-MYB oncogene involvement but further investigations are still necessary. 2- More frequently, acute leukemia can be a mixture of blasts from different lineages with an important but variable participation of mature or immature basophilic cells. These cases must be classified as AML/Baso or multiphenotypic acute leukemias and often present Phl -chromosomal abnormality.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2006

Imatinib resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL positive by chromosome and FISH analyses but negative by PCR, in a child progressing to acute basophilic leukemia: cytogenetic follow-up.

The case of an 11-year-old child with adult-type chronic myeloid leukemia, Philadelphia (BCR-ABL) positive, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction negative for the major, minor, and micro breakpoints is presented. In the course of 3 years, the child failed to respond to treatment with hydroxyurea, refused all therapy for 6 months, was intolerant to alpha-interferon and progressed, while on imatinib, to acute basophilic leukemia. Subsequently he underwent successful bone marrow transplantation. A secondary cytogenetic clonal evolution, i(17q), developed during hydroxyurea treatment and a tertiary clonal evolution, +8, was detected during imatinib treatment. It is not clear to what extent the several factors (undefined BCR-ABL breakpoint, treatment avoidance, and initial treatment choices, alone or in combination) played a role in the imatinib relapse and resistance and in the disease progression. We conclude that close follow-up with frequent bone marrow sampling is crucial in order to monitor such patients for early relapse and prompt referral for bone marrow transplant.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Acute basophilic leukemia. A clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic study of eight cases.

The authors describe eight cases of acute basophilic leukemia. In six of the eight cases, basophilic involvement was not apparent by light microscopic examination. The cases were identified on the basis of ultrastructural evidence for basophil/mast cell differentiation of the blasts with little or no differentiation into other lineages. Ultrastructural analysis revealed immature basophil granules in blasts in all eight cases and theta granules in blasts in four cases. In three cases, ultrastructural evidence of mast cell differentiation also was present, with rare cells showing evidence for both basophil and mast cell differentiation. No clinical features distinguished this group of patients from others with acute myeloid leukemia. Cytogenetically, the cases were heterogeneous. Three had a Philadelphia chromosome; none had a t(6;9). The authors conclude that ultrastructural analysis usually must be used to diagnose acute basophilic leukemia, that acute basophilic leukemia is associated frequently with the Philadelphia chromosome, and that the ultrastructural findings provide evidence for a common origin of basophils and mast cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Acute basophilic leukemia with t(8;21).

Acute basophilic leukemia (ABL) is a rare form of leukemia. The diagnostic criteria have recently been described. Morphological evidence for basophilic lineage is required for its classification. However the criteria for remission status and standard therapy is not established. Here we have described an atypical case of ABL and reviewed the literature to high light issues regarding diagnosis and management, which need further discussion.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1978

Mast cell leukemia and acute basophilic leukemia. Cytochemical studies.

Human mast cells and basophil granulocytes can be easily recognized in normal tissues by light microscopy. In one mast cell and one basophilic leukemic case considered in this study, mast cells and basophils were morphologically quite similar and could not therefore be clearly defined merely by their morphological features. Both types of cells showed round nuclei and deep purple granules. The diagnosis of mast cell leukemia or basophilic leukemia was made on the basis of different cytochemical patterns. In the case of mast cell leukemia, peroxidase and PAS stains were negative, while chloroesterase was strongly positive; in the case of basophilic leukemia, peroxidase and PAS stains were positive, while chloroesterase reaction showed a peculiar pattern. Toluidine blue metachromasia and astra blue positivity were present in the cells of both cases.

Basophils↗
PubMed2004

Acute basophilic leukemia: case report.

The term "basophilic leukemia" has been in use for 75 years. However, consistent diagnostic criteria are lacking. This is due to the rarity of the disease and to the routine unavailability of special tests that are often required to confirm a diagnosis. We report an unusual case of acute basophilic leukemia in a child who was referred to our Center, arriving with partially treated acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Basophilic differentiation on light microscopy was evident from the coarse basophilic granules in blasts, a progressive maturation of blasts toward basophils, and toluidine positivity on cytochemistry. Blasts showed a myeloid immunophenotype (CD13+, CD33+, CD117+) with a characteristic dual positivity for CD34 and CD25, highly suggestive of basophilic nature of the blasts. Conventional cytogenetic studies revealed translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22). A diagnosis of acute basophilic leukemia with t(8;21) was made. Review of pre-therapy slides showed features consistent with AML-M2 with basophilia. There were no basophilic blasts. With these features, a diagnosis of acute basophilic leukemia secondary to AML-M2 was made. In our patient, basophilic leukemia appears to have evolved from selective clonal proliferation of "basophil-committed blasts" during the course of the disease in a case of AML-M2 with basophilia.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2000

Acute basophilic leukemia presenting with abnormal liver function tests and the absence of blast cells in the peripheral blood.

Acute basophilic leukemia is an uncommon form of acute leukemia, rarely occurring as a de novo disease. We describe a case of de novo acute basophilic leukemia occurring in a 47-year-old man who presented with abnormal liver function tests in the absence of leukemic infiltration of the liver. We postulate that this presentation occurred as a consequence of pathophysiological features of the malignant basophilic blast cells.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Acute basophilic leukemia. A case report.

A case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with primitive basophilic differentiation is presented. The patient had no antecedent history or concomitant presence of chronic myelogenous leukemia. The leukemic blasts constituted 83% of the peripheral white blood cells and more than 90% of the marrow nucleated cells. Cytoplasmic vacuoles were found in some leukemic cells. About half the leukemic cells showed a few azurophilic granules stained with Wright's stain, whereas exhibited a faint pinkish hue around the cells without cytoplasmic granules (water-soluble granules) by Riu's stain. The cytoplasmic granules failed to be stained with peroxidase but stained positively with toluidine blue. The former result could lead one to misclassify the case as lymphoid leukemia, but the characteristic finding of basophilic cells in Riu's stain should direct one to make the diagnosis of ANLL with basophilic differentiation. The cytochemical findings of this case suggested that basophilic differentiation should be considered when leukemic cells show peroxidase-negative granules. Riu's stain and toluidine blue stain are useful to make the correct diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An abnormal clone with monosomy 7 and trisomy 21 in the bone marrow of a child with congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann disease) treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Evolution towards myelodysplastic syndrome and acute basophilic leukemia.

Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells revealed an abnormal clone with monosomy 7 and trisomy 21 in a 12-year-old child with Kostmann disease (KD). The patient presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly after 5 years of treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The bone marrow morphology was consistent with the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Administration of G-CSF was discontinued at this point. Bone marrow studies 2 and 5 months later showed persistence of both myelodysplasia and the abnormal clone with monosomy 7 and trisomy 21. Monosomy 7 was also confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). After 2 months of follow-up, the patient presented with acute basophilic leukemia, a very rare variant of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), expressing the same bone marrow chromosome abnormalities as observed earlier. This is a rare case of KD with prolonged survival and a cytogenetically abnormal clone evolving to MDS and acute basophilic leukemia. The significance of monosomy 7 and trisomy 21 in KD treated with G-CSF is discussed.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed2007

Monosomy 7 as the sole abnormality of an acute basophilic leukemia.

We report the case of a 72-year-old man who had the very rare disease acute basophilic leukemia with the sole chromosomal finding of a monosomy 7. Most nuclear cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were either basophils or blasts. The blasts showed negative reaction with myeloperoxidase, periodic acid Schiff, chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and Sudan black B. Metachromatic features of the blasts, however, were observed with toluidine blue stain. Electron microscopic evaluation showed the typical ultrastructure, with basophil and immature mast cell granules. Cytogenetic study revealed monosomy 7 in all metaphase cells, and this finding was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The Philadelphia chromosome was absent. Review of the literature revealed abnormalities in cases of ABL. To our knowledge, the case reported here is the first to have basophilic leukemia with monosomy 7 as the only chromosome abnormality.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Acute basophilic leukemia in a child. Anaphylactoid reaction and coagulopathy secondary to vincristine-mediated degranulation.

BACKGROUND: Acute de novo basophilic leukemia (ABL) is uncommon in adults, and extremely rare in children. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of anaphylactoid reactions from basophilic degranulation in children with this condition. METHODS: This report describes the clinicopathologic profile and complications of a patient with de novo ABL. RESULTS: Immediately after the first induction dose of intravenous vincristine, the patient developed an anaphylactoid reaction and disseminated intravascular coagulation with massive pulmonary hemorrhage. A normal serum tryptase level suggested that this life-threatening event was secondary to tumor lysis (basophilic degranulation), rather than to a mast-cell mediated anaphylactic reaction to vincristine. This interpretation is supported by the coagulation studies, which suggested release of heparin from the blast granules. CONCLUSIONS: Although de novo ABL is rare, it should be considered when cytoplasmic basophilic granules are seen in the leukemic cells of patients with what otherwise appears to be undifferentiated leukemia, and the pertinent diagnostic procedures should be undertaken. During the treatment of ABL, potential complications related to basophilic degranulation should be anticipated, and antihistamine prophylaxis may be of value.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1993

[Acute basophilic leukemia with an intense erythroblastic reaction].

A patient is presented who had acute basophilic leukaemia with intense erythroblastic reaction. The patient, a 66 year-old man, complained of general malaise, increased abdominal perimeter and melena. Leucocytosis, as well as severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia, were found in his peripheral blood. Basophils were present in all maturation stages, along with 7% blast-cells showing basophilic stippling, and there were 210 erythroblasts per 100 white cells. Erythropoietic hyperplasia (75%) was found in the bone-marrow aspirate, without dyserythropoietic signs; the PAS-stain reaction was negative. Of the non-erythroid cells, 63% were basophils and 34% blast-cells, some of them showing basophilic stippling plus metachromasia for tholuidin-blue, positivity for omegaexonuclease and negativity for peroxidase stains. The diagnosis of acute basophilic leukaemia was confirmed upon demonstration of basophilic stippling in the ultrastructural study of the blast-cells. The patient developed acute liver failure and renal insufficiency which led him to death. The basis of the diagnosis of acute basophilic leukaemia is discussed, as well as the differential diagnosis with other conditions presenting with basophilia and the probably reactive erythroblastic increase appearing in this case.

Aged↗