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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

"Libraries from libraries": chemical transformation of combinatorial libraries to extend the range and repertoire of chemical diversity.

The generation of diverse chemical libraries using a "libraries from libraries" concept is described. The central features of the approaches presented are the use of well-established solid-phase synthesis methods for the generation of combinatorial libraries, combined with the chemical transformation of such libraries while they remain attached to the solid support. The chemical libraries that are generated by this process have very different physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to the libraries from which they were derived. A wide range of chemical transformations are possible for peptide-based or other libraries, and an almost unlimited range of useful chemical diversities can be envisioned. In the example presented, the amide functionalities in an existing combinatorial library made up of peptides were permethylated while the library remained attached to the solid-phase support used in its synthesis. After removal of the permethylated mixtures from their solid support, this library, now lacking the typical -CONH- amide bonds of peptides, can be tested in solution with virtually all existing assay systems to identify individual compounds having specific biological activities of interest. An illustration of the use of such libraries is presented, in which the described permethylated library was used to identify individual permethylated compounds having potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1972

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. 8. Computer applications in hospital departmental libraries.

To test the hypothesis that a standard library system could be designed for hospital departmental libraries, a system was developed and partially tested for four departmental libraries in the Washington University School of Medicine and Associated Hospitals. The system from determination of needs through design and evaluation, is described. The system was limited by specific constraints to control of the monograph collection. Products of control include catalog cards, accessions list, new book list, location list, fund list, missing book list, and discard book list. Sample data form and pages from a procedure manual are given, and conversion from a manual to an automated system is outlined. The question of standardization of library records and procedures is discussed, with indications of the way in which modular design, as utilized in this system, could contribute to greater flexibility in design of future systems. Reference is made to anticipating needs for organizing departmental libraries in developing regional medical library programs and to exploring the role of the departmental library in a medical library network.

Computers↗
PubMed2003

Implementing PDA technology in a medical library: experiences in a hospital library and an academic medical center library.

Personal digital assistants (PDAs) have grown from being a novelty in the late 1990s to an essential tool for healthcare professionals in the 2000s. This paper describes the experiences of a librarian who implemented PDA technology first in a hospital library, and then at an academic medical center library. It focuses on the role of the library in supporting PDA technology and resources. Included are programmatic issues such as training for library staff and clinicians, and technical issues such as Palm and Windows operating systems. This model could be used in either a hospital or academic health sciences library.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1989

Health information services: a submission to LISC (Library Information Services Council) by the Library Association on behalf of its Medical, Health and Welfare Libraries Group.

The Library Association Medical, Health and Welfare Libraries Group was asked by the Library and Information Services Council (LISC) for England to submit a paper on health information services for the lay person and this presented a timely opportunity to consider the situation thus far and possibilities for the future. A working group was set up from amongst those active in the field to pool ideas and experience, and it was fortunate also in being able to include consideration of Elaine Kempson's recently published study Informing health consumers. It was felt particularly that whilst a number of worthwhile services were developing there was no guarantee of adequate local provision and that in the absence of any sort of framework there was considerable danger of duplication of effort and isolation on the part of the practitioners. The paper was considered by LISC in October 1988 and in the intervening period our recommendation that public library development incentive funding might be used to enable a public library to co-operate with other local statutory and voluntary agencies in the setting up of a pilot local health information centre, perhaps capitalizing on existing expertise by buying-in a database such as that of Help for Health, has been fulfilled by the establishment of the Dorset Health Information Service whose progress will be watched with interest. Nevertheless there is still much to be achieved in this field and it is hoped that this paper will prove a useful basis for continued discussion.

England↗
PubMed1995

Library of libraries: approach to synthetic combinatorial library design and screening of "pharmacophore" motifs.

Construction of synthetic combinatorial libraries is described that allows for the generation of a library of motifs rather than a library of compounds. Peptide libraries based on this strategy were synthesized and screened with model targets streptavidin and anti-beta-endorphin antibody. The screens resulted in observation of expected motifs providing evidence of the effectiveness of the suggested approach.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solution phase synthesis of libraries of polycyclic natural product analogues by cascade radical annulation: synthesis of a 64-member library of mappicine analogues and a 48-member library of mappicine ketone analogues.

An improved cascade radical annulation route to (+/-)-mappicine, (S)-mappicine, and mappicine ketone is reported. The route is used to prepare libraries of mappicine and mappicine ketone analogues in a semiautomated fashion. Key diversity generating steps include the addition of an aldehyde to a Grignard reagent derived from a D-ring iodopyridine, N-propargylation of a subsequently derived iodopyridone, and cascade radical annulation with an isonitrile to form a mappicine analogue. Parallel oxidation of mappicine analogues produced mappicine ketones. The route is general and flexible and could be used to make very large libraries. It is also illustrative of how late stage cascade reactions can be employed strategically to generate libraries of polycyclic natural product analogues.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed2003

The Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries' legislative activities and the Joint Medical Library Association/Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries Legislative Task Force.

The Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries' (AAHSL's) involvement in national legislative activities and other advocacy initiatives has evolved and matured over the last twenty-five years. Some activities conducted by the Medical Library Association's (MLA's) Legislative Committee from 1976 to 1984 are highlighted to show the evolution of MLA's and AAHSL's interests in collaborating on national legislative issues, which resulted in an agreement to form a joint legislative task force. The history, work, challenges, and accomplishments of the Joint MLA/AAHSL Legislative Task Force, formed in 1985, are discussed.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1972

Mechanization of Library Procedures in the Medium-Sized Medical Library: XIV. Correlations between National Library of Medicine Classification Numbers and MeSH Headings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of correlation between National Library of Medicine classification numbers and MeSH headings in a body of cataloging which had already been done and then to find out which of two alternative methods of utilizing the correlation would be best.There was a correlation of 44.5% between classification numbers and subject headings in the data base studied, cataloging data covering 8,137 books. The results indicate that a subject heading index showing classification numbers would be the preferred method of utilization, because it would be more accurate than the alternative considered, an arrangement by classification numbers which would be consulted to obtain subject headings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Public library consumer health information pilot project: results of a National Library of Medicine evaluation.

In October 1998, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched a pilot project to learn about the role of public libraries in providing health information to the public and to generate information that would assist NLM and the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) in learning how best to work with public libraries in the future. Three regional medical libraries (RMLs), eight resource libraries, and forty-one public libraries or library systems from nine states and the District of Columbia were selected for participation. The pilot project included an evaluation component that was carried out in parallel with project implementation. The evaluation ran through September 1999. The results of the evaluation indicated that participating public librarians were enthusiastic about the training and information materials provided as part of the project and that many public libraries used the materials and conducted their own outreach to local communities and groups. Most libraries applied the modest funds to purchase additional Internet-accessible computers and/or upgrade their health-reference materials. However, few of the participating public libraries had health information centers (although health information was perceived as a top-ten or top-five topic of interest to patrons). Also, the project generated only minimal usage of NLM's consumer health database, known as MEDLINEplus, from the premises of the monitored libraries (patron usage from home or office locations was not tracked). The evaluation results suggested a balanced follow-up by NLM and the NN/LM, with a few carefully selected national activities, complemented by a package of targeted activities that, as of January 2000, are being planned, developed, or implemented. The results also highlighted the importance of building an evaluation component into projects like this one from the outset, to assure that objectives were met and that evaluative information was available on a timely basis, as was the case here.

Computers↗
PubMed2005

Using volunteers in Ontario hospital libraries: views of library managers.

BACKGROUND: Volunteers have been a resource for all types of libraries for many years. Little research has been done to describe the attitudes librarians have toward library volunteers. More specifically, the attitudes of hospital librarians toward volunteers have never been studied. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore and describe the extent of volunteer use and to determine library managers' attitudes toward volunteers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An anonymous, self-report 38-item questionnaire was mailed to the target population of 89 hospital library managers in Ontario. Seventy-nine useable questionnaires were analyzed from an adjusted sample of 86 eligible respondents, resulting in a response rate of 92%. SPSS 11.5 was used to analyze the data. FINDINGS: The data revealed the attitudes of managers using volunteers did not differ significantly from the attitudes of managers not using volunteers. The findings showed that a majority of managers did not believe their libraries were adequately staffed with paid employees. Sufficient evidence was found of an association between a manager's belief in the adequacy of staffing in the library and the use of volunteers in the library (chi2(1, N=76)=4.11, P=0.043). Specifically, volunteers were more likely to be used by managers who did not believe their libraries were adequately staffed. The presence of a union in the library and the use of volunteers were also associated (chi2(1, N=77)=4.77, P=0.029). When unions were present in the library, volunteers were less likely to be used. IMPLICATIONS: This research has implications for hospital library managers in the management of volunteers. Volunteers should not be viewed as a quick fix or as a long-term solution for a library's understaffing problem.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Internet access in the libraries of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine.

As the National Library of Medicine expands access to its products and services by making them available on the Internet, more accurate information about current and future access in medical libraries is needed. The National Network Office of the National Library of Medicine conducted a survey of all network member libraries to determine the extent of connectivity and the barriers preventing 100% connectivity. Respondents called a toll-free number and, using interactive voice technology, answered questions concerning Internet access in their library. Seventy-eight percent of the network member libraries responded. Four percent of academic libraries, 27% of hospital libraries, and 10% of "other" libraries reported that they were not connected. Computer cost, lack of in-house expertise, and lack of management support were the highest ranked barriers to connecting. The National Library of Medicine and the Regional Medical Libraries will use information from this survey to develop strategies to help all member libraries achieve full connectivity.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1992

The changing status of hospital libraries 1984 to 1989: characteristics and services in Region 7 of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine.

Economic and political factors have had far-reaching effects on hospital libraries in the last decade, but quantitative evidence of these changes is not readily available. Through periodic evaluation surveys within its multistate region, the Pacific Southwest Regional Medical Library Service, the Regional Medical Library for Region 7 of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (formerly the Regional Medical Library Network) has monitored hospital library changes over the years. This paper compares data from a 1989 survey with similar information gathered in 1984. Longitudinal analysis was performed on responses from 188 hospitals that responded to both the 1984 and the 1989 survey, as was cross-sectional analysis of all responses from both surveys. Results showed a small decrease in the number of hospitals with separate library collections. Staffing patterns had changed considerably, with a drop of approximately one entire full-time salaried equivalent per library and a decrease in libraries managed by a librarian with an M.L.S. The libraries that provide all of a set of predefined core services and resources decreased from 61% in 1984 to 44% in 1989. Libraries with M.L.S. staff were more likely to have core services than those without professional staff.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1968

Profesional medical library education in the United States in relation to the qualifications of medical library manpower in Ohio.

THE PRESENT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION FOR MEDICAL LIBRARY PRACTICE IN THE UNITED STATES CONSISTS OF FOUR MAJOR COMPONENTS: graduate degree programs in library science with specialization in medical librarianship; graduate degree programs in library science with no such specialization; postgraduate internships in medical libraries; continuing education programs. Data are presented illustrating the flow of graduates along these several educational pathways into medical library practice.The relevance of these educational components to the current medical library work force is discussed with reference to manpower data compiled for Ohio. The total number of medical library personnel in Ohio in 1968 is 316. Of this total, only forty-two (approximately 14 percent) have received any formal library training. Seventy persons have only a high school education. From these figures, it is concluded that there is no standard or essential qualification which is universally accepted as educational preparation for work in medical libraries; that the comparative sophistication of the educational programs in medical librarianship has yet to be reflected widely in general medical library practice; that an increasingly large number of non-professional or ancillary personnel are being, and will continue to be, utilized in medical libraries; that large numbers of untrained persons have sole responsibility for medical libraries; and that appropriate educational programs will have to be designed specifically for this type of personnel.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2004

Construction and characterization of a soybean bacterial artificial chromosome library and use of multiple complementary libraries for genome physical mapping.

Two plant-transformation-competent large-insert binary clone bacterial artificial chromosome (hereafter BIBAC) libraries were previously constructed for soybean cv. Forrest, using BamHI or HindIII. However, they are not well suited for clone-based genomic sequencing due to their larger ratio of vector to insert size (27.6 kbp:125 kbp). Therefore, we developed a larger-insert bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for the genotype in a smaller vector (pECBAC1), using EcoRI. The BAC library contains 38,400 clones; about 99.1% of the clones have inserts; the average insert size is 157 kbp; and the ratio of vector to insert size is much smaller (7.5 kbp:157 kbp). Colony hybridization with probes derived from several chloroplast and mitochondrial genes showed that 0.89% and 0.45% of the clones were derived from the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, respectively. Considering these data, the library represents 5.4 haploid genomes of soybean. The library was hybridized with six RFLP marker probes, 5S rDNA and 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA, respectively. Each RFLP marker hybridized to about six clones, and the 5S and 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA probes collectively hybridized to 402 BACs--about 1.05% of the clones in the library. The BAC library complements the existing soybean Forrest BIBAC libraries by using different restriction enzymes and vector systems. Together, the BAC and BIBAC libraries encompass 13.2 haploid genomes, providing the most comprehensive clone resource for a single soybean genotype for public genome research. We show that the BAC library has enhanced the development of the soybean whole-genome physical map and use of three complementary BAC libraries improves genome physical mapping by fingerprint analysis of most of the clones of the library. The rDNA-containing clones were also fingerprinted to evaluate the feasibility of constructing contig maps of the rDNA regions. It was found that physical maps for the rDNA regions could not be readily constructed by fingerprint analysis, using one or two restriction enzymes. Additional data to fingerprints and/or different fingerprinting methods are needed to build contig maps for such highly tandem repetitive regions and thus, the physical map of the entire soybean genome.

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial↗