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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term survival among men with conservatively treated localized prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine age-specific, all-cause mortality, disease-specific mortality, and life expectancy for men aged 65 to 75 years who are treated only with immediate or delayed hormonal therapy for newly diagnosed, clinically localized prostate cancer. DESIGN: A population-based, retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Patient records were abstracted from 37 acute care hospitals and two Veterans Affairs medical centers in Connecticut. Original pathology slides were sent to a referee pathologist who was blinded to case outcomes. SUBJECTS: All men identified by the Connecticut Tumor Registry with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed in 1971 to 1976 who were aged 65 to 75 years at the time of diagnosis and were untreated or treated with immediate or delayed hormonal therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parametric proportional hazards models incorporating tumor histologic findings, comorbidity, and age at the time of diagnosis to compare cohort survival with that of men in the general population. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 15.5 years, the age-adjusted survival for men with Gleason score 2 to 4 tumors was not significantly different from that of the general population. Maximum estimated lost life expectancy for men with Gleason score 5 to 7 tumors was 4 to 5 years and for men with Gleason score 8 to 10 tumors was 6 to 8 years. Tumor histologic findings and patient comorbidities were powerful independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the general population, men aged 65 to 75 years with conservatively treated low-grade prostate cancer incur no loss of life expectancy. Men with higher-grade tumors (Gleason scores 5 to 10) experience a progressively increasing loss of life expectancy. Case series reports of survival/mortality experienced by men with clinically localized prostate cancer that fail to control for age, tumor histologic features, and comorbidities risk significant bias.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

The ageing male: demographics and challenges.

In the year 2000, there were more than 400 million people aged 65 and over in the world--projected to increase to almost 1.5 billion by the year 2050--a close to fourfold increase compared to the 50% increase for the global population as a whole. More than 25% of these 1.5 billion elderly people are projected to be "oldest-old" (aged 80 and over). Global ageing is a triumph and a challenge. As we enter the 21st century, it will put increased economic and social demands in all countries. But if more and more individuals reach older age in good health--and remain healthy for longer--the benefits will be shared by all. Therefore, the promotion of healthy ageing and the prevention of disability in all older people must assume a central role in medical care and research as well as in the formulation of national health and social policies. Effective programs promoting healthy ageing will ensure a more efficient use of health and social services and improve the quality of life in older persons by enabling them to remain independent and productive. With prolonged life expectancy, men and women can expect to live one-third of their lives with some form of hormone deficiency. Life expectancy differences between men and women exist in various regions of the world with a mean of 4.2 years, and is projected to increase to 4.8 years by the year 2050. The ageing male, in particular, has the risk of developing gender-specific urological diseases, such as prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia continence disorders (generally ignored by men) and erectile dysfunction. Hormonal changes in the ageing male are associated with changes in the body mass index, osteoporosis, and sleep and mood disorders. A significant relationship between body fat mass and both cardiovascular and overall mortality in men has been demonstrated. In some populations, at least, men may run a higher risk for cardiovascular complications than women. It is our sincere hope that the next few years will enrich us with facts and clarify the state of our present knowledge, permit us to recognize some of the missing links, give us the tools and methodology to design and plan ways to understand ageing in men, allow us to help to improve the quality of life, prevent the preventable, and postpone and decrease the pain and suffering of the inevitable.

Aging↗
PubMed2002

The ageing male.

With prolonged life expectancy, men and women can expect to live one-third of their lives with some form of hormone deficiency. The ageing male, in particular, has the added problem of developing urological diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, continence disorders and erectile dysfunction. When discussing age-related problems, it is often difficult to separate and to distinguish between the natural ageing process, ageing amplifiers and an acute or chronic illness, or inter-current diseases. Partial endocrine deficiencies of ageing are associated with a decrease in the peripheral levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate (DHEA-S), growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and melatonin. There is also a concomitant increase in luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. The concentration of free biologically active testosterone is lowered further by an increase in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Hormonal changes in the ageing male are associated with changes in the body mass index, osteoporosis, sleep and mood disorders. A number of testosterone replacement therapies are available. These therapies should maintain physiological levels not only of serum testosterone, but also of its metabolites, including dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol. Men on testosterone therapy should be monitored at 3-month intervals during the first year of use and, thereafter, at 1-year intervals if they are stable. The association of testosterone replacement with development of prostate cancer has not been determined.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1985

Expectation of life at birth, for India and major states, 1976-80.

Data are presented on life expectancy by sex for India and its constituent states for 1976-1980 using data from the Sample Registration System. "There is a wide variation among states in the expectation of life at birth. Uttar Pradesh has the lowest and Kerala has the highest expectation of life at birth. Within a state, the expectation of life at birth is higher for urban areas than for rural areas. Also the male expectation of life at birth is generally higher than female expectation in rural areas. However, the pattern is reversed in urban areas."

Asia↗
PubMed1987

[[Recent life expectancy of Koreans in Japan, 1980 and 1985]].

Two abridged life tables for Koreans living in Japan for 1980 and 1985 are constructed using vital statistics and census data. Among the findings are that "the expectations of life at birth of Korean males in Japan are 68.4 in 1980 and 70.3 in 1985, whereas those values of Korean females in Japan are 78.3 in 1980 and 78.7 in 1985, respectively. Recent life expectancies of Koreans in Japan have come to resemble those of Japanese more than those of Koreans in Korea." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1993

Is there only one type of male handicap?

The handicap principle has been one of the most important developments in sexual selection theory. Numerous theoretical papers have considered whether extreme male ornaments could have arisen through female choice by being handicaps to the male. These models have been defined as belonging to one of three categories: (i) Zahavi's (J. theor. Biol. 53, 205 (1975)); (ii) the revealing; or (iii) the condition-dependent handicap. Here I discuss whether the division is still helpful for empirical purposes, or whether handicaps are not best considered as being condition dependent. I argue that in fact the revealing and condition-dependent handicaps are indistinguishable empirically, and that the 'Zahavi' handicap models arose due to a misunderstanding of what Zahavi originally proposed, which was in fact a condition-dependent handicap.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Migration and geographic variations in blood pressure in Britain.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative contributions of factors acting at different stages in life to regional differences in adult blood pressure. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (British regional heart study). SETTING: One general practice in each of 24 towns in Britain. SUBJECTS: 7735 Men aged 40-59 years when screened in 1978-80 whose geographic zone of birth and zone of examination were classified as south of England, midlands and Wales, north of England, and Scotland. Non-migrants (n = 3144) were born in the town where they were examined; internal migrants (n = 4147) were born in Great Britain but not in the town where they were examined; and international migrants (n = 422) were born outside Great Britain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and height. RESULTS: Regardless of where they were born, men living in the south of England had lower mean blood pressures than men living in Scotland (142.5/80.1 v 148.1/85.2 mm Hg). The effects of the place of birth and place of examination on adult blood pressure were examined in a multiple regression model. For internal migrants the modelled increase in mean systolic blood pressure across adjacent zones of examination was 2.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.9); for adjacent zones of birth the corresponding increase was 0.1 mm Hg (-0.7 to 0.7). The place of examination seemed to be a far more important determinant of mean adult blood pressure than the place of birth. Height is an accepted marker of genetic and early life influences. Regional differences in height were therefore analysed to test whether the multiple regression model could correctly distinguish between the influence of place of birth and place of examination. As expected, men born in Scotland were shorter on average than men born in the south of England irrespective of where they lived in Britain (172.6 cm v 175.1 cm for internal migrants). CONCLUSION: Regional variations in blood pressure were strongly influenced by where the men had lived for most of their adult lives rather than by where they were born and brought up. Among middle aged men, factors acting in adult life seemed to be more important determinants of regional differences in blood pressure than those acting early in life such as genetic inheritance, intrauterine environment, and childhood experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Couvade syndrome, a psychogenic illness in the transition to fatherhood].

More often than generally expected, men experience the transition to fatherhood as an emotional strain and become psychosomatically ill during their partner's pregnancy. This is known as the "couvade" syndrome. The psychogenic aetiology of these, for the most part unspecific somatic symptoms, mostly remains unknown to the treating doctors and the patients. On the other hand, psychiatric complications including psychotic illness can occur. In the following, the syndrome is described with an overview of the literature, and the aetiology is examined. In addition to the biographical causes, the ethnological-historical roots of the syndrome and possible therapeutic consequences are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

Attributions for sexual situations in men with and without erectile disorder: evidence from a sex-specific attributional style measure.

This study investigated the attributional styles of men with and without sexual dysfunction for both positive and negative sexual and general events using a sex-specific version of the Attributional Style Questionnaire (Sex-ASQ), and ascertained the preliminary psychometric properties of the measure. The Sex-ASQ was created by embedding 8 hypothetical sexual events (4 positive, 4 negative) among the original 12 events in the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ; C. Peterson, A. Semmel, C. von Baeyer, L. Y. Abramson, G. I. Metalsky, & M. E. Seligman, 1982). The Sex-ASQ was completed by 21 men with a principal DSM-IV diagnosis of Male Erectile Disorder (MED) and 32 male control participants. The psychometrics of the Sex-ASQ were satisfactory, but with the positive sexual event scales found to be less stable and internally consistent than the negative sexual event scales. Reasons for modest reliability of the positive event scales are discussed in terms of the original ASQ. As expected, men with MED did not differ significantly from men without sexual dysfunction in their causal attributions for general events, indicating that both groups exhibited an optimistic attributional style in general. Also as predicted, men with MED made more internal and stable causal attributions for negative sexual events than men without sexual dysfunction, and also rated negative sexual events as more important. For positive sexual events, the 2 groups did not differ in attributional style, with both groups making more external/unstable/specific causal attributions than for positive general events. Differences between explanatory style for sexual versus nonsexual events found in both sexually functional and dysfunctional men lend support for explanatory style models that propose both cross-situational consistency and situational specificity.

Adult↗