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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[A new drill guide for plastic repair of the anterior cruciate ligament by a free ligamenteous graft (author's transl)].

A report of the most widely used grafts for the replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament shows the difficulties of plastic repair. The author recommends the patella ligament used by Brückner but, because of the relative shortness of this ligament, not as a distally based ligamenteous graft but as a free one. The exact topography of the anterior cruciate ligament is given. A new drill guide for repair of this ligament is described and the technique of implantation by making use of that drill guide is explained.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Xeroradiographic studies on the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint. 1. Anatomy of the cruciate and lateral ligaments in the xerotomogram].

The suitability of xeroradiography for contrast arthrography was investigated by in vitro studies. Special attention was devoted to the cruciate and lateral ligaments on xero-ty lateral tomography. The anterior and posterior ligments can be evaluated and defined satisfactorily in the antero-posterior view. The lateral ligaments can be seen on xero-tomography without difficulty. The use of xero-tomography promises to improve the radiological diagnosis of injuries of the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[The pulmonary ligament (pulmo-diaphragmatic ligament) (author's transl)].

The paper considers the appearances of the contour of the diaphragm and of the normal irregularities of the diaphragm. The hitherto existing opinion of ill defined or tented diaphragmatic outlines always being the result of pleurodiaphragmatic implications in inflammatory or fibrotic processes in the basis of the lung needs to be corrected: In a great number of p.a. chest roentgenograms of healthy persons a more or less obvious ill definition or tenting of the medial part of the diaphragma can be found, caused by a variation of the pulmonary ligament characterized by its connection with the diaphragmatic pleura. Ill definition and tenting of the diaphragmatic outline caused by this variation of the pulmonary ligament are called physiological alterations, contrary to similar pathological (e.g. adhesive) ones. Only if this anatomical variation exists a pulmonary ligament can be roentgenologically visualized directly.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1977

[Xero-radiographic examination of the capsule and ligaments of the knee joint. II. Demonstration of injuries to the cruciate and lateral ligaments and menisci (author's transl)].

The value of xero-radiography for demonstrating injuries to the capsule and ligaments of the knee has been investigated. A tomographic method was used in conjunction with arthrography of the knee. The results have shown that, in vitro, injuries of the cruciate and lateral ligaments and of the capsule are well shown by xero-tomography and that it is possible to evaluate their extent. Simultaneous demonstration of injuries to the menisci is less certain. In order to show these accurately, special methods would have to be employed. Despite the higher radiation dose which must be expected, and the greater complexity of this technique, we consider that a clinical investigation of the method is indicated.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1978

The repair of cruciate ligaments with flexible carbon fibre. A longer term study of the induction of new ligaments and of the fate of the implanted carbon.

Carbon fibre appears to induce the formation of tendon in both animals and humans. Experiments have been conducted in sheep in which new anterior cruciate ligaments have been induced in response to the implantation of filamentous carbon fibre. Long-term studies indicate that the carbon fibre slowly breaks up at the site of implantation and later begins to appear in the regional lymph nodes.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional properties of knee ligaments and alterations induced by immobilization: a correlative biomechanical and histological study in primates.

The effect of immobility on the biomechanical properties of an anterior cruciate bone-ligament-bone unit of rhesus monkey is reported. Wild primates were used and the captivity time was minimized to lessen disuse changes from cage confinement. The ligament-bone specimens were tested in tension to failure under high strain-rate conditions. After 8-weeks total-body plaster immobilization of the primate, the ligament units showed significant decreases in maximum failure load and energy absorbed to failure (39 per cent and 32 per cent respectively). A dramatic change in ligament load-elongation behavior occurred. There was a statistically significant decrease in stiffness (slope of the load-deformation curve) of the ligament unit which may also be expressed as an increase in ligament compliance (elongation per unit load). The change in mechanical properties following immobility indicated a significant alteration in the projected functional capacity of the ligament unit to resist loading and to resist elongation; factors which relate directly to the ligament's ability to provide joint stability. The mechanisms of failure of the ligament unit, where an increase in osseous avulsion fractures occurred after immobilization correlated with histological changes of bone resorption in the cortex immediately beneath the ligament insertion site. Ultimate failure occurred in many, but not in all specimens, through the weakened bone. This emphasizes the potential for such effects in clinical conditions characterized by reduced bone mass. Alterations in the strength of the cortical bone may affect the integrity of ligament units as a whole. The effect of immobility on ligament units about the knee depended on histological characteristics of the ligament-bone attachment. The anterior cruciate ligament-bond junction, through zones of fibrocartilage, was little affected. In contrast, the tibial insertion of the superficial tibial collateral ligament, directely into bone in relation to the periosteum without well-defined zones of catilage, showed marked interruption after immobility due to bone resorption in the subperiosteal and outer cortical regions. In places the ligament was attached only to the overlying periosteum. In a second and third group of animals, the long-term effects of disuse were investigated. After 5 months' resumed activity following total-body-immobilization, there was only partial recovery in ligament strength although ligament stiffness and compliance parameters had returned to control values. It required up to 12 months for the complete recovery of ligament strength parameters.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of intra-articular corticosteroids on ligament properties: a biomechanical and histological study in rhesus knees.

The effect of intra-articular corticosteroid injections (methylprednisolone acetate) on the mechanical properties of anterior cruciate bone-ligament-bone units was determined. Fifty-one wild rhesus animals provided 88 knee ligaments units that were loaded in tension to failure under fast strain-rate conditions. Alterations in ligament strength and load-elongation properties were found to depend upon corticosteroid dosage and time after injection. Fifteen weeks after the higher drug dosage (methylprednisolone acetate, 6 mg/kg; three injections, spaced weekly) significant decreases occurred in the maximum failure load (20%), energy absorption prior to failure (11%) and linear stiffness (11%) of the ligament unit. In contrast, only minimal non-significant alterations in ligament strength properties occurred at the higher drug usage after 6 weeks in a second group of animals. this strong time-dependence may partially explain the negative findings reported in short term studies. The higher drug dosage used is approximately 10 times an equivalent human dose on a body mass basis and indicates the ability of this class of drugs to significantly alter the mechanical properties of a ligament unity. A third group of animals received a total of two intra-articular coticosteroid injections (single injections spaced two weeks apart) at a dosage (0.6 mg/kg) equivalent to that commonly used clinically in humans. Statistically significant decreases occurred in maximum failure load (9%) and energy absorption (8%); however, this change is believed of little importance to the projected functional capacity of the ligament unit. No detectable systemic effect of the intra-articular corticosteroid injections was found on the mechanical properties of the ligament unit in the extremity opposite to that which received the drug injection. Histological examination after failure showed normal cellularity and staining characteristics of the ligament, fibrocartilage junction and underlying bone. No bone resorptive changes were observed beneath the ligament insertion site. Failure by a ligamentous mode remained the most common mechanism of specimen failure. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed failure of collagen fibers at multiple levels throughout the ligament indicative of a serial pull-apart failure process. A rich supply of vessels to the anterior cruciate ligament was demonstrated and failure of the vessels occured by a necking down process. Insofar as the results apply to humans, they infer the potential for high and frequent doses of intra-articular slightly soluble corticosteroids to produce alterations in ligament strength and function. A single intra-articular injection or one repeated at intervals of several months probably carries little risk to ligament properties.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗