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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Effect of renal vein ligation with or without suprarenal inferior vena cava ligation on sodium and phosphate excretions during acute extracellular volume expansion in the rat.

Right nephrectomy with or without inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation was performed in rats 1 week after left renal vein ligation. Left kidney function and sodium and phosphate excretions by volume expansion were investigated. Inulin (CIN) and para-aminohippuric acid (CPAH) clearances and fractional excretions of sodium (FENa) and phosphate (FEP) were examined before and after volume expansion was induced by normal saline. Kidney functions were well preserved with development of collateral venous channels; biochemical parameters returned to the normal ranges. However, CIN and CPAH were reduced to 33 to 25 per cent of control values and the filtration fraction was elevated. After volume expansion, a marked increment of FENa was observed in cases of IVC ligation but the increment in animals without IVC ligation was less than in the control group. FEP was also increased in experimental groups but the magnitude of phosphaturia was not so prominent compared to the control group. The increment of FEP was not comparable to that of FENa. Thus, from the aspect of kidney function, this experiment showed the rationality of left renal vein ligation with contralateral nephrectomy. From the pathophysiologic aspect, the magnitude of natriuresis and phosphaturia by volume expansion was not prominent and a reduced reabsorptive capacity for sodium and phosphate may exist in a solitary kidney with a ligated renal vein. When suprarenal IVC ligation was also done, prominent natriuresis was observed with saline infusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Studies on the reaction of the rabbit testis after ligation of the arteria and vena testicularis compared with ligation of the vein alone].

In surgical treatment of Varicocele compete the ligation of the V. testicularis (Ivanissevich/Bernardi) with the ligation of the A. and V. testicularis (Palomo). Because there are doubts against throttling the arterial blood supply of a previous damaged testis, the effect of ligation of A. and V. testicularis on the testis was studied and compared with the ligation of the vein alone. On 18 adult rabbits either the Palomo operation was performed on one side, leaving the contralateral side as control, or on one side only the vein was ligated and on the other side artery and vein were ligated, permitting, so a direct comparison on the same animal. All the testes were examined histometrically. In the control group the diameter of the tubuli increased from 218 mu after 3 months to 253 mu after 10 months. In the Palomo-group the diameter decreased from 153 mu after 3 months to 82 mu after 6 months, and increased again to 153 mu after 10 months. In the Bernardi-group no differences to the normal testes were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Endocrine function of the canine pancreas. The effect of duct ligation and transplantation of the total duct ligated pancreas.

Pancreas transplantation was studied in the dog using a total duct ligated pancreas as allograft. In a group of 10 mongrel dogs the effects of long-term (6-36 months) total duct ligation on the endocrine pancreas function were studied by means of repeated intravenous glucose tolerance tests (iv-GTT). One year after total duct ligation the mean glucose assimilation coefficient (k-value) was 75%, the median insulin peak value (IPV) 63% and "total" insulin secretion in the first thirty minutes (TIS) 58% of the pre-operative values. These levels were maintained up to three years after duct ligation. The total duct ligated pancreas was then used as an allograft in 28 beagles in order to study the influence of DL-A (dog leucocyte-antigens) matching on the survival time of the graft. DL-A identity compared to one or two haplotype difference gave a fourfold increase in median survival time from 9 to 40 days. In a second group of 14 beagles with one haplotype difference the effect of immunosuppressive therapy was studied. The methods used (antilymphocyte serum and a combination of prednisone and azathioprine) increased the median survival time to the level seen in DL-A identity. In conclusion the total duct ligated pancreas can be used as an insulin secreting allograft, providing rejection can be suppressed adequately.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Improvement of male fertility through ligation of varicocele? A study of 100 subfertile varicocele patients three months after ligation (author's transl)].

With 100 subfertile varicocele patients, three months after ligation (high ligation of the left internal spermatic vein in accordance with Bernardi) had control spermiograms made. An improvement of sperm count (upgrade in a higher class according to MacLeod's partition) was found in 28% of the cases, whereas an improvement of progressive motility was found only in 13%. The percentage of patients reaching the normal value in sperm count of over 40 mill./ml increased from 23% to 39%. The increase in these patients came primarily from the class of 20--40 mill./ml. In progressive motility, there was an increase of patients reaching the standard value of over 40%, from 6 to 11. However, if sperm count and progressive motility together were evaluated in the individual patients after ligation, only 6 patients presented a normospermia, i.e. a sperm count of more than 40 mill./ml with normal progressive motility. Thus 94 of the 100 patients must be considered as subfertile three months after ligation. A significant fertility improvement through ligation of varicocele has not yet taken place.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Influence of fasting period, ligation time, sex, age and bodyweight on the gastric secretory response of pylorus-ligated Wistar rats.

A study on variables influencing the gastric secretory response of pylorus-ligated Wistar rat, shows that: 1. 24 h is a sufficient fasting period for satisfactory emptying of the stomach, periods of up to 48 h yielding no advantage; 2. between 2 and 4 h is the most appropriate pyloric ligation time because in this range there are no variations in volume of gastric secretion, concentration and output of acid per unit of ligation time; 3. sex has no influence on any of the parameters; 4. animals should be age-selected because only above a given age threshold the gastric secretory response per unit of bodyweight is constant.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scintigraphic and electrocardiographic changes after ligation of the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins and mixed ligation in dogs].

The authors have investigated in 6 dogs the disturbances of the perfusion determined by ligature of the main left pulmonary artery, of the pulmonary veins, and mixed ligatures. The scintigraphic method was used (consisting in intravenous injection of radionuclide-labelled ferric colloids, and detection with the Anger camera). In 12 dogs electrocardiographic modifications were also investigated, occuring at various intervals of time after the above-mentioned ligatures. With the aid of scintigraphy it was noted that pulmonary perfusion was abolished in the corresponding lung both immediately and at 24 hours following ligatures. With the aid of scintigraphy it was noted that pulmonary perfusion was abolished in the corresponding lung both immediately and at 24 hours following ligature of the vessels. The same aspects was noted in all three types of ligature. Consecutive infarctions were noted at necropsies. The electrocardiogram evidenced sings of coronary failure when all the pulmonary veins of one lung were ligatured, signs of ventricular and atrial overcharge in dogs with ligature of the pulmonary artery and mixed modifications, although less severe, in combined vascular ligatures. The more rapid evolution toward death of dogs with ligatures of the pulmonary veins could be explained by the coronary failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Tubal ligation and pregnancy: mechanism of recanalization after tubal ligation.

The mechanism of recanalization after resection of a segment of the fallopian tube by the Pomeroy sterilization method is discussed. At the level of resection, the epithelial lining of the fallopian tube tends to regenerate, covering the split ends and planes of cleavage of the resected surfaces and forming slitlike spaces and blind pouches lined by tall columnar cells. Scarring and subsequent retraction of both severed ends of the tubes tend to result in approximation; in some cases, the resected ends and the epithelial lining bridge the gap between the lumina, re-establishing patency of the tube. Surgical procedures that prevent approximation of the resected ends of the fallopian tubes or methods that seal the lumina should produce failure rates lower than those obtained with the classic Pomeroy sterilization method.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Carotid ligation for the treatment of carotid artery aneurysms. Pre- and peroperative studies of the cerebral blood flow with an intravenous isotope technique.

Carotid ligation was performed in a series of 30 consecutive cases of infraclinoid aneurysms, of which 6 had not ruptured, and 9 cases of supraclinoid aneurysms. Fifteen of the ruptured aneurysms were operated on before, and 18 after, the eleventh day after bleeding. The internal carotid artery was primarily ligated in four cases, with two deaths, and in one case lasting hemiparesis occurred. In the rest of the cases, the common carotid artery was primarily ligated without operative mortality. After varying intervals, the internal carotid artery was ligated both in the neck and intracranially in 25 cases. In three cases late complications occurred due to embolus and thrombosis, resulting in one death. In four cases there were transient symptoms caused by insufficient cerebral circulation. The cerebral circulation was investigated in 23 cases using an intravenous isotope technique before and after ligation of the common carotid artery. In each of the cases the circulatory values were sufficient, with a slight diminishing of the flow on the ligated side. After ligation of the internal carotid artery at a later stage the flow in both hemispheres increased. This finding has been interpreted as being due to the interruption by internal carotid ligation of the retrograde internal carotid flow that occurs after common carotid ligation. In five cases aorto-cervical angiography was performed some months after ligation of the common carotid artery, and in four a retrograde flow in the internal carotid artery on the ligated side was shown. In accordance with the results obtained suggestions are made for carotid ligation in the treatment of carotid aneurysms not accessible for neck ligation.

Adult↗
PubMed2025

Beta-catenin/sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor pathway promotion of portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced rapid liver regeneration.

BACKGROUND: By accelerating the regeneration of the future liver remnant, portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection allows for more extensive hepatectomy. Given that the mechanism remains poorly understood, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. METHODS: A portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration mouse model was established, followed by RNA microarray analysis to identify candidate molecules. Genomic deletion and chemical manipulation of target molecules were used to explore their functions in portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. Validation was conducted using a diseased liver model and human samples. RESULTS: Portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration was significantly accelerated compared with that in sham-operated mice (P < .05). An RNA microarray revealed that Sirtuin 1 is a crucial molecule in the proliferation of the future liver remnant. Regardless of whether Sirtuin 1 is inhibited chemically or through genetic deletion, portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration is distinctly attenuated. Further investigation revealed that Sirtuin 1 promoted portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration via the farnesoid X receptor. In addition, beta-catenin also was found to participate in the process of future liver remnant proliferation. Chemical inhibition of beta-catenin markedly impaired but activation of WNT/beta-catenin mildly enhanced portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration (P < .05). Deletion of Sirtuin 1 blocked the facilitating effect of beta-catenin on portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. These findings were validated in diseased liver models and patient samples, confirming the correlation between the beta-catenin/Sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor pathway and portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. CONCLUSION: Activation of the beta-catenin/Sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor pathway offers critical mechanistic insights into accelerating portal vein ligation and parenchymal transection-induced liver regeneration. Modulation of beta-catenin/Sirtuin 1/farnesoid X receptor may therefore improve clinical outcomes in patients receiving staged hepatectomy.

Liver Regeneration↗
PubMed1977

[Ear to retina time and ophthalmodynamometry after ligation of the common carotid artery in rabbits (author's transl)].

Unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery was performed in rabbits. Before ligation, immediately thereafter, and 6 weeks later the ophthalmic artery pressure was determined and at the same time a synchronous measurement of the ear to retina time was done on both sides. The results were statistically analyzed (Tables 1-4). Ligation of the right common carotid artery resulted in a highly significant difference in systolic ophthalmic artery pressure between the two eyes of 16.4 mm Hg, and in diastolic pressure one of 13.0 mm Hg. After ligation of the left similar pressure differences of (systolic) 17.8 mm Hg and (diastolic) 15.2 mm Hg were shown. During the following 6 weeks these differences decreased considerably, to 41.5% and 29.2% after ligation on the right and to 33.5% and 36.6% after ligation on the left. The ear to retina time was markedly prolonged on the side of the ligation. This resulted in a highly significant side difference of 0.42 s immediately after ligation on the right common carotid artery and 0.4 s immediately after ligation on the left side. After 6 weeks these differences were only slightly reduced, to 80% and 72.7% respectively. These animal experiments demonstrate clearly that an acute occlusion of one common carotid artery in rabbits can easily be diagnosed by ophthalmodynamometry as well as by synchronous measurement of the ear to retina time. In chronic occlusions determination of the ear to retina time is superior to pressure measurement. This is of particular interest since in these experiments an ophthalmodynamometric method was used that is much superior to the clinical method of ophthalmodynamometry.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Isogeneic or allogeneic transplantation of duct-ligated pancreas in streptozotocin diabetic mice.

Recovery from hyperglycaemia was observed in three different mouse hybrids that were made diabetic with streptozotocin, and then transplanted with pancreas from isogeneic donors whose pancreatic ducts were ligated over 8 weeks earlier. Recovery did not occur in recipients of allografts indicating that islets in ligated pancreas cannot be successfully transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier. However, in lethally irradiated mice injected with allogeneic bone marrow (allogeneic radiation chimeras), subsequent transplantation of ligated pancreas from either isogeneic donors or allogeneic donors of the same strain as the bone marrow donor decreased blood glucose of diabetic recipients. Thus, irradiation and allogeneic bone marrow therapy allow subsequent allogeneic transplantation of functional islet tissue in diabetic mice. Observations on diabetic mice transplanted isogeneically with ligated pancreas suggest that recovery from hyperglycaemia was more consistent when grafts were placed subcutaneously rather than intraperitoneally and when hosts received ligated pancreas from three donors rather than one. Thus, the site and amount of tissue transplanted are important considerations in the transplantation of ligated pancreas. Persistence of endocrine beta-cells in ligated pancreas was required for recovery in grafted mice since diabetic hosts failed to recover when grafted with ligated pancreas obtained from alloxan or streptozotocin-treated, diabetic donors.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Hemodynamic pulmonary edema in dogs with acute and chronic lymphatic ligation.

The effect of lymphatic ligation on relative lung water (g H2O/g dry lung) was studied in dogs. Raising left atrial pressure to 20 mmHg for 2 h in chronically lymphatic-ligated dogs (4 days) caused a significantly greater increase in relative lung water than the same hemodynamic challenge did in sham-operated and acutely lymphatic-ligated dogs. There was no significant difference in relative lung water between the acutely lymphatic-ligated and sham-operated dogs. At normal left atrial pressures, there was no significant difference in relative lung water between the sham-operated and chronically lymphatic-ligated dogs. Since the combined effects of chronic lymphatic ligation and left atrial hypertension is greater than the sum of the individual effects, it appears that chronic lymphatic ligation increases the susceptibility of the lung to hemodynamic edema, we suggest that chronic lymphatic ligation may have produced increases in the interstitial volume and protein mass that are undetectable by our technique. These increases, in turn, could lead to a reduction in tissue safety factors against hemodynamic pulmonary edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Rheology of fibrin clots. III. Shear creep and creep recovery of fine ligated and coarse unligated closts.

Creep and creep recovery of human fibrin clots in small shearing deformations have been investigated over a time scale from 24 to 10(4) s. Coarse, unligated clots and fine clots ligated by fibrinoligase in the presence of calcium ions were studied to suppliement previous data on coarse ligated and fine unligated clots. Stress was found to be proportional to strain up to at least a maximum shear strain (in torsion geometry) of 6.2%. The initial modulus (25 s after imposition of stress) is proportional to approximately the 1.5 power of concentration for fine ligated and coarse unligated clots. For fine unligated closts there is comparatively little creep subsequent to the initial deformation; ligation (in this case involving mostly the gamma chains) reduces the creep to nearly zero. For coarse unligated clots, there is substantially more creep under constant stress, and creep recovery is not complete. Ligation (in this case involving both camma and alpha chains) alrgely supresses the creep and causes the recovery to be complete. If the structure if fully formed before creep begins, tests of creep recovery by the Boltzmann superposition principle show adherence to linear visoelastic behavior for all four clot types. Otherwise, the Boltzmann test fails and the recovery is much less than calculated. For fine ligated clots, the observed recovery agrees well with that calculated on the basis of a dual structure model in which an additional independent structure is built up in the deformed state, so that the state of ease after removal of stress is a balance between two structures deformed in opposite senses. It is postulated that the coherence and elastic modulus of the fine ligated clot are largely due to steric blocking of long protofibrils with a high flexural stiffness. In the coarse clot, it is proposed that the structure involves extensive branching of thick bundles of protofibrils, which become permanently secured by the ligation of the alpha chains of the fibrin.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1977

[Effects of pretreatment with carteolol on metabolic changes induced by coronary artery ligation in dog left ventricular wall (author's transl)].

Effects of coronary artery ligation on myocardial glycogenolysis were studied in the endo- and epicardial layers of the left ventricular wall in dogs pretreated with 10 or 100 microgram/kg (i.v.) of carteolol, a potent beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Coronary artery ligation was performed by ligating one of the small branches of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In control (saline-pretreated) dogs, an increase in phosphorylase alpha activity and an increase in breakdown of glycogen were observed in both endo- and epicardial layers after coronary artery ligation. In the presence of 10 or 100 microgram/kg of carteolol, however, increases in phosphorylase alpha activity and increase in breakdown of glycogen were not observed in either the endo or epicardial layers. These results indicate that pretreatment of the dog with carteolol inhibits the increase in glycogenolysis caused by coronary artery ligation. Nevertheless, carteolol did not completely inhibit the coronary artery ligation-induced increase in glucose-6-phosphate and lactate levels, and the coronary artery ligation-induced decrease in phosphocreatine level, particularly in the endocardial layers.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗