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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Studies of AIDS in Lithuania].

The seroepidemiological survey of 400,000 persons aged 20-40 years and belonging to different AIDS risk groups, as well as blood donors, for the presence of antibodies to HIV has been carried out on the territory of Lithuania. This investigation has been made with the use of the assay systems "Antigen", "Peptoscreen" and "Vector" manufactured in the USSR, as well as commercial assay systems from foreign manufacturers, such as Du Pont de Nemours Inc., Organon N. V., Abbott Laboratories, Serodia. The comparison of the results thus obtained has revealed that high frequency of false positive results is characteristic of all assay systems under study, including immunoblotting. These data indicate that test systems based on different acting principles should be used for the detection of anti-HIV antibodies. For the first time a HIV-infected resident of Lithuania has been detected. The investigation carried out in Lithuania has shown that HIV infection is not widely spread in this region, but due to some objective reasons this does not preclude the necessity of the constant epidemiological surveillance of this infection throughout this territory in order to bar the way to this infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of trends in ischaemic heart disease between North Karelia, Finland, and Kaunas, Lithuania, from 1971 to 1987.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term trends in mortality and attack rate of ischaemic heart disease in North Karelia, Finland, and in Kaunas, Lithuania, from 1971 to 1987. DESIGN: Data on routine mortality statistics were obtained from the Central Statistical Office of Finland and from the Central City Archives of Kaunas. In addition, data from the community based myocardial infarction registers were used. The registers used similar diagnostic criteria and had operated in both areas during the entire study period. SETTING: The province of North Karelia in Finland and the city of Kaunas in Lithuania. SUBJECTS: The target populations were the people of North Karelia and Kaunas aged 35-64 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality from ischaemic heart disease and the attack rate of acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS: In North Karelia mortality from ischaemic heart disease and the attack rate of acute myocardial infarction declined steeply both in men and women. This decline was accompanied by a decrease in total mortality. In Kaunas, both mortality and the attack rate increased in men but remained unchanged in women. In 1985 to 1987, age standardised total mortality per 100,000 inhabitants was similar in the two populations in men (1081 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1013 to 1149), in North Karelia; 1082 (95% CI 1032 to 1132), in Kaunas). The proportional mortality from ischaemic heart disease was considerably higher in North Karelia (40%) than in Kaunas (28%). In women, age standardised total mortality was lower in North Karelia (350 (95% CI 312-388)) than in Kaunas (440 (95% CI 413 to 467)). The proportional mortality from ischaemic heart disease in women was also higher in North Karelia (28%) than in Kaunas (13%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the remarkable decline in the occurrence of ischaemic heart disease, it still remains the most important cause of premature mortality in North Karelia. In Kaunas ischaemic heart disease mortality and attack rate increased in men. Experiences from successful cardiovascular disease prevention programmes in western countries, such as the North Karelia Project, should be exploited to prevent an increasing epidemic of ischaemic heart disease in eastern Europe.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Environmental monitoring in Lithuania. Environmental distress signals: gastrointestinal epithelial barrier after exposure to chemical agents.

Lithuania's environment is heavily polluted as a result of domestic and transboundary contamination. The main ecological problems are related to atmospheric pollution; water contamination; soil, water, and forest acidification; nitrogen-compounds overload of soil, water, and food; and contamination with agricultural chemicals and heavy metals. The increased environmental distress is a menace to public health in Lithuania. Experimental studies need to be designed and used to ascertain the effects of environmental distress on the gastrointestinal tract epithelial barrier. Our electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical study of human gastrointestinal endocrine cells revealed changes in the amount of secretory material and intracytoplasmic vacuolization after exposure to the environmental chemicals such as hexavalent chromium and the herbicide Saprol. The most affected were the EC (serotonin, motilin, substance P), D (somatostatin), A (glucagon), B (insulin), and mast (histamine, serotonin, heparin) cells. These results provide ultrastructural evidence of digestive tract epithelial barrier reaction as an expression of environmental distress signals of the organism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The provision of vitamins to school children in rural regions of Lithuania].

Providing with vitamins of schoolchildren was studied in some regions of Lithuania during the winter-spring period. The biochemical blood count has revealed insufficient providing of schoolchildren with ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2 and B6. Decreased levels of ascorbic acid in urine, as well as micro-symptoms of hypovitaminosis (ascorbic acid, thiamine and riboflavine deficiencies) have been recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Selenium intake by the population of Lithuania].

The level of selenium was assayed in the blood and food products to study the providing of the Lithuanian population with this trace element. It was shown that imported wheat containing high levels of selenium played a significant role in providing with this trace element of the population of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia where home-produced foods are deficient in selenium. The mean level of selenium in the blood serum of the Lithuanian population comprised 90 micrograms/l (96 micrograms/l was most frequent). Selenium consumption was 100 micrograms/man.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Chromosome anomalies among newborn infants in Lithuania].

Cytogenetic investigation has been carried out in 4032 newborn infants, 31 of which are found to have karyotype anomalies, which makes 7.7 per 1000 births. The frequency of anomalies in the system of sex chromosomes is 3.2 per 1000. This index is 4.9 per 1000 males, and 1.5 per 1000 females. The frequency of the main types of anomalies turned out to be: XXY--3.0 per 1000 males, XYY--1.0 per 1000 males, XXX--1.0 per 1000 females. The frequency of trisomies of autosomes is 2.0 per 1000 births, trisomy 21 being the main type among them (1.7 per 1000 births). The frequency of structural rearrangements of autosomes is 2.5 per 1000 births, Robertsonian translocations being 1.2 per 1000, reciprocal translocations--1.0 per 1000, and others--0.2 per 1000. The ratio of familial and sporadic mutants was found to be 50%: 50%. Sixty per cent of structural rearrangements are balanced ones, and their carriers does not show any noticeable phenotypic distortions.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1979

Gaucher's disease in South Africa.

The adult non-neuropathic form of Gaucher's disease has been identified in 32 patients in 25 Ashkenazi Jewish kindreds in South Africa. The minimum prevalence in this population is 1 in 5000, with a gene frequency of 0.014 and a carrier rate of 1 in 36. On correction for bias resulting from possible under-ascertainment, these minimum figures become 1 in 4000, 0.0166, and 1 in 30, respectively. Confirmation of autosomal recessive inheritance was obtained by segregation analysis by the 'a priori' and 'simple sib' methods. The Ashkenazin of South Africa have their origins in Lithuania and it is evident that the high gene frequency in South Africa is a reflection of the genetic constitution of the immigrant population. The localisation of the Gaucher gene to Lithuania represents a further step in the determination of the early geographic distribution of the genetic disorders of the Jewish race.

Gaucher Disease↗
PubMed1992

The Framingham Type A behaviour pattern and coronary heart disease in three countries: a cross-cultural comparison.

The Framingham Type A behaviour pattern (TABP), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality, was examined in a cross-cultural study involving three countries known to differ in cardiovascular disease mortality, namely Germany, Lithuania and Northern Ireland. The factorial structure of the Framingham TABP scale was strikingly similar in the three countries, with three factors (work pressure, hard driving, and impatience) identified; evidence for the cross-cultural validity of the scale. Scores on all three factors showed considerable variation between the three populations for both men (multivariate P < 0.0001) and women (multivariate P < 0.0001). Of particular note, on the two factors, hard driving and impatience, thought to be core pathogenic elements in the TABP complex, Lithuanian and Northern Irish males and females scored substantially higher than their German counterparts. These cross-cultural variations in levels of risk are discussed in the context of the different ischaemic heart disease mortality rates in the three countries.

Adult↗