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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) after evisceration with and without a functional liver.

Fed male Wistar rats were eviscerated by two procedures. The first group of eviscerated rats were left with a nonfunctional liver in situ while the second group were eviscerated by a newer technic, developed in this laboratory, that preserves liver function. The animals were maintained on a regimen of saline and antibiotic treatment, and abdominal aortic blood was drawn at intervals up to seventy-two hours postoperatively from animals with a functional liver and up to six hours postoperatively in those with nonfunctional liver status. Blood concentrations of glucose, immunoreactive insulin, and immunoreactive glucagon were measured. Our results indicate that even with a functional liver, totally pancreatectomized eviscerated rats maintained normal amounts of plasma IRI and IRG for more than twenty-four hours. IRI and IRG were measurable even at forty-eight hours postoperatively. At the same time, these animals developed abnormally high blood glucose levels, which were sustained despite the presence of "normal" IRI in plasma. It had been suggested that the presence of measurable IRI and IRG in the classically prepared eviscerated animal was due to a deficit liver destruction of these substances. To the contrary, our data suggest that even with a functional liver, the eviscerated preparation maintains a circulating level of insulin and glucagon-like materials forty-eight hours after the known sources of such substances are removed. The physiologic meaning of immunoassay results following pancreatectomy are thus difficult to interpret.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pre- and post-transplant assessment of liver function in paediatric liver transplantation.

The pre-operative risk of paediatric liver transplantation candidates (n = 41) was assessed in a prospective study by means of clinical symptoms, conventional static and liver blood flow dependent dynamic liver function tests. Nine patients died during the 365-day waiting period. The data were subjected as covariates to a survival analysis in the Cox proportional hazards model. There was a significant relationship between the results of mono-ethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) formation and ICG test and the 365-day survival rate. In the stepwise analysis, none of the remaining parameters improved the predictive ability when added to the dynamic liver function test results. The assessment of post-transplantation liver function was studied in 27 patients during the first 28 postoperative-day period. In addition, liver function was studied in a cross-sectional study 1-7 years after successful liver transplantation in children with complete or partial rehabilitation. In the early postoperative period severe organ damage was indicated by both static and dynamic liver function tests. In the later course after transplantation no deterioration of liver function measured with MEGX formation was to be observed. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of dynamic liver function tests in the pre- and post-transplant assessment of liver function.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Relationship of functional liver disorders in burn disease to the treatment methods].

The dynamics of liver function in 243 cases with deep burns was studied by means of a set of biochemical tests: determination of blood plasma proteins and protein fractions, residual nitrogen, bilirubin, sugar, lipides, activity of liver organospecific enzymes, sedimentation reactions and Quick-Pytel' test. The obtained findings showed disorders of all types of hepatic metabolism which was manifested through alterations of the indices of liver function tests. An intense transfusion therapy of burn shock and acute toxemia using the method of hemodilution, together with an early necrectomy and autodermoplasty were found to be effective means of preventing and treatment of liver functional disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Peritoneoscopy as a diagnostic supplement to liver function tests and liver scan in patients with carcinoma.

Liver function tests, liver scintigraphy and peritoneoscopy were carried out in 240 patients with carcinoma. Hepatic invasion was demonstrated by peritoneoscopy essentially when both of the other tests were positive. However, in one-third of the patients, peritoneoscopy revealed the presence of other pathologic changes which could account for the positivity of either of the other diagnostic procedures. The status of the liver, with regard to presence or absence of metastases, could be microscopically documented in 59 patients. False-negative findings of liver chemistry tests, liver scan and peritoneoscopy were seen in 27, 42 and 36 per cent, respectively, of the patients while the rate of false-positive results was 15, 10 and 3 per cent, respectively. The rate of false-negative peritoneoscopy examinations in the absence of simultaneous positivey of the two other investigations was insignificant. These data indicate that liver chemistry tests, liver scan and peritoneoscopy play a major and complementary role in the screening of patients with carcinoma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1975

Metabolic studies in eviscerated rats with functional livers.

A new technique is described for evisceration in the rat in which liver function is preserved. These animals lack all known sources of glucagon and insulin and are capable of active gluconeogenesis, urea formation and ketone body production by the liver. Measurements of blood levels of the metabolites of the caloric substrates showed that, unlike the classical eviscerate preparation, these animals maintain high blood glucose, urea and ketone body levels for up to 72 hr as contrasted with the profound decrease in these constituents in the absence of the liver. Survival time is also significantly extended from about 6 hr in rats lacking liver function to 72 hr or more when the liver is viable. This new surgical preparation is a valuable tool for studying the role of the liver in absence of the known gastroentero-pancreatic hormones. It would also be utilized as a model of "acute" diabetes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

The effect of hepatic ischaemia on liver function and the restoration of liver mass after 70 per cent partial hepatectomy in the dog.

Partial hepatectomy was performed in dogs either as the only procedure or following a period of ischaemia of liver remnant produced by inflow occlusion for periods of 30-60 minutes before partial hepatectomy. Temporary portal decompression was maintained through the portion of liver subsequently excised. 1. Survival in dogs subjected to partial hepatectomy and ischaemia to the liver remnant was similar to that in animals after partial hepatectomy alone. 2. Metabolic changes were similar in both groups but dogs submitted to partial hepatectomy and ischaemia to the remnant had higher serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino-transferase levels with increased bromsulphthalein in the fourth to sixth post-operative weeks. 3. Replacement of liver mass proceeded rapidly in all groups of animals. It is concluded that ischaemia of the liver remnant for up to 60 minutes preceding partial hepatectomy in the dog is consistent with survival and produced little change in postoperative liver function or in the rate of restoration of liver mass.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1976

Liver function tests following anaesthesia.

Liver function tests were performed in 41 patients who required repeated anaesthetics for genito-urinary surgery, and who had received multiple halothane anaesthetics in the past, first following anaesthesia using halothane and then following an anaesthetic without halothane. There was a smaller frequency of disturbance of liver function after halothane than after the non-halothane anaesthetic. There was no obvious relationship between the number of anaesthetics, or the total duration of anaesthesia, and the disturbance of liver function tests.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Susceptibility of the liver and biliary tract to anaerobic infection in extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction. II. Liver function and morphology of the liver and biliary tract--an experimental study in rabbits.

Biliary tract infection with anaerobic bacteria (B. fragilis or Fusobacterium mortiferum) was produced in rabbits by common duct ligation (c.d.l.) 3 days prior to intravenous bacterial inoculation. Animals were investigated 1, 4 or 7 days after inoculation. Histopathological investigations included the liver, the common duct, and the gallbladder, while liver function was evaluated by bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT) in serum. Rabbits with c.d.l. and biliary tract infection were compared to rabbits with c.d.l. in which bacterial inoculation failed to produce infection, to inoculated rabbits without c.d.l., and to uninoculated rabbits with c.d.l. Anaerobic biliary tract infection in rabbits with c.d.l. caused a significant increase in liver abscesses, a significant increased infiltration with granulocytes in the gallbladder, and a significant increase in serum levels of bilirubin, AP, and GPT, but failed to produce signs of cholangitis in the liver and intramural abscesses in the gallbladder. A material is presented of normal values for bilirubin, AP, and GPT in serum in rabbits.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1975

Liver damage after paracetamol overdose. Comparison of liver-function tests, fasting serum bile acids, and liver histology.

54 patients have been studied after paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Liver-function tests and fasting serum bile-acids were measured daily; liver biopsy was done in all cases, and slides were examined "blind" to assess liver damage. The plasma-paracetamol was measured on one occasion. A histological abnormality was present in the livers of 53 of the 54 patients, and was minor in 23, moderate in 16, and severe in 14. In 6 patients with moderate and 18 with mild histological abnormality liver-function tests were normal. A serum-aspartate-aminotransferase above 400 units/1 was always associated with severe histological liver damage. Fasting serum bile-acids were raised in 51 of the patients with abnormal liver histology; the serum-bile-acid seemed to be a more sensitive indicator of mild liver-cell damage than was the transaminase level. There was, however, little correlation between increase in bile-acid concentration and the degree of histological abnormality. As a result of these investigations empirically determined levels of plasma-paracetamol have been drawn which give a guide to the likelihood of liver damage after paracetamol overdose.

Acetaminophen↗