PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “London”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of hepatitis-B antigen (HB S Ag) and its antibody (Anti-HB S) among London hemophiliacs and blood donors from London and two tropical areas.

The prevalence of hepatitis-B antigen (HB s AG) and its antibody (anti-HBs) among 49 London hemophiliacs was compared with that among women attending an antenatal clinic and healthy blood donors from London and from two parts of the tropics (Mauritius and Zambia). The prevalence of HBsAG and anti-HBs was low in antenatal patients, London blood donors and blood donors from Mauritius. However, a high proportion of hemophiliacs (59%) were anti-HBs positive, this being comparable with Zambian blood donors (53%), although anti-HBs titers in hemophiliacs were much higher (GMT 1:342) than in Zambian blood donors (GMT 1:36). In contrast, HBsAG was detected in 29 of 250 (12%) Zambian donors but in only 3 of 49 (6%) hemophiliacs. Clinically overt hepatitis occurred in only two hemophiliacs. However, the presence of HBsAG-specific IgM in 7 of 29 (24%) anti-HBs-positive hemophiliacs suggests that a proportion of these patients recently experienced subclinical infection by hepatitis-B virus, Anti-HBs-positive hemophiliacs received a significantly higher number of- cryoprecipitate units than did those without anti-HBs(P less than 0.01). Five of seven hemophiliacs with high titers of anti-HBs (greater than 1:4,096) showed a decline in titer after 1972 which may have been associated with the introduction of screening of cryoprecipitate for HBsAG.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

A controlled trial of multiphasic screening in middle-age: results of the South-East London Screening Study. The South-East London Screening Study Group.

The results of a controlled trial of multiphasic screening in general practice are presented. In 1967, 7,229 individuals aged between 40 and 64 years were randomly allocated into either a Screening or Control group. The Screening group were invited to attend two screening sessions held about two years apart, while the Control group continued to receive conventional medical care. Both groups were then invited to undergo a health survey in 1972-73 which revealed no significant differences in morbidity between the two groups. Careful follow-up permitted detailed Screening-Control comparisons of various outcome measures--consultation and hospital admission rates, certified sickness absence from work, and mortality. Nine years after the initial screening, no significant differences were found between the two groups in any of the outcome measures. It is estimated that a similar screening programme for the entire middle-aged UK population would cost 142 pounds million at 1976 prices.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Utilisation by homeless people of acute hospital services in London.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the numbers and distribution of homeless people in London; to quantify the utilisation of acute inpatient services by homeless people in two health authorities; and to predict the total numbers of admissions in homeless people in district health authorities across London. DESIGN: Data were collected from various sources on the distribution of homeless people across London boroughs. All unplanned acute inpatient admissions during November 1990 to relevant hospitals were identified. SETTING: Bloomsbury and Paddington and North Kensington, two former inner London district health authorities. SUBJECTS: Homeless people in London residing in bed and breakfast and private sector leased accommodation, residing in hostels, and of no fixed abode. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number and cost of acute unplanned admissions in homeless people in two health authorities in November 1990; predicted number of such admissions each year in district health authorities in London. RESULTS: There were at least 60,000 homeless people in London in March 1990. The majority were housed in temporary accommodation (55,412). There were at least 3295 hostel dwellers and 651 people sleeping rough. Homeless people accounted for 105 (8%) of the 1256 acute unbooked admissions in residents of Bloomsbury and Paddington and North Kensington health authorities in November 1990. Considerable variations in the pattern of acute unplanned admissions in homeless people were observed in the two districts with respect to housing status and specialty of admission. The total number of acute unplanned admissions in homeless people across London each year was estimated at 7598, ranging from 38 in Bexley to 1515 in Parkside. CONCLUSIONS: The results have fundamental implications for resource allocation across London. Allocation must take better account of the heterogeneity, uneven distribution, and extra health needs of homeless people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Primary health care in London--changes since the Acheson report.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in primary care in London in the 11 years since the Acheson report on primary health care in inner London. DESIGN: Analysis of key data from the family health services authority performance indicators and from the Department of Health; study of trends since the time of the Acheson report; examination of the provision of primary care in 1990-1 and its relation to health and social factors. SETTING: Comparisons between the family health services authorities of inner London, outer London, and England as a whole, with a special study of Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester. SUBJECTS: The family health services authorities of England. RESULTS: There has been an improvement in the provision of primary care in inner London as judged by the criteria of the Acheson report, but these improvements have occurred only as part of an overall improvement in the provision of primary care in the country as a whole. None of the recommendations of the Acheson report specifically oriented to London have been implemented. There are some worrying trends in inner London, such as the increasing proportion of practices with more than 2500 patients. The problems faced by practitioners in inner London resemble those in other large inner city areas, but the primary care provision to deal with them is relatively poor.

Family Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Why Londoners have low death rates from ischaemic heart disease and stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To explain the low death rates from cardiovascular disease in London. SETTING: London and the other counties of England and Wales. SUBJECTS: Women living in London during 1901-10 and people in London dying during 1968-78. RESULTS: At the beginning of the twentieth century young women aged 15-34 in London had remarkably low death rates, largely because of low rates for tuberculosis and other infectious diseases and low mortality during childbirth. Their low death rates contrasted with the high rates in girls under 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: Large numbers of young women had migrated into London from agricultural counties in southern England and went into domestic service, where the diet was usually very good. Recent findings suggest that a mother's nutrition and health has a major effect on the risk of cardiovascular disease in the next generation. The low cardiovascular mortality in London is consistent with this, and contrasts with the high mortality from other common diseases.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1991

Epidemiological survey of human rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes in young children admitted to two children's hospitals in northeast London from 1984 to 1990.

A retrospective and prospective survey was carried out to determine the relative frequency of rotavirus serotypes infecting children with diarrhea or vomiting or both who were admitted to the Hospitals for Sick Children in London during a 6-year period from 1984 to 1990. The results were compared with data for the same period from a study in Birmingham, United Kingdom. The serotype of rotaviruses infecting 1,019 children was ascertained by enzyme immunoassay with VP7-specific monoclonal antibodies. In London, serotype G1 accounted for 60% of the cases, serotype G4 accounted for 24%, serotype G2 accounted for 11%, G3 accounted for 3%, and coinfections accounted for 2%. Considerable differences in the relative prevalence of serotypes were seen when data from London and Birmingham were compared. A major shift from serotype G1 to G4 was observed in London in the 1989 to 1990 season, and a lesser shift was seen in Birmingham. Examination of the electrophoretic profiles of 611 rotaviruses from London showed that there were at least 108 different profiles. Continuous variation occurred throughout the 6-year period, and the same electropherotype never recurred once it had disappeared from the population. None of the electrophoretic profiles were characteristic of group B or group C rotaviruses. There was no evidence that any strain of rotavirus had become endemic in either of the children's hospitals in London.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Need for and provision of general practice in London.

This study examines the spatial distribution of general practice in London, taking into account both practice and population characteristics. While need for general practice is higher in inner London, some areas of outer London experience high levels of need. Inner London tends to have a greater quantity but lower quality of general practice. However, as in the case of the needs indices, this situation cannot be described as a simple inner city/outer city dichotomy. It is concluded that not all inner London areas suffer from high need and poor general practice and not all outer London areas have low need and good general practice.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1992

Public health in inner London.

One of Sir Bernard Tomlinson's aims in his inquiry into London's health services was to advise the secretary of state for health on the future balance of primary and secondary health care "taking account of the health needs of Londoners." Sir Bernard, however, also made it clear that "we have not seen it as part of our remit to carry out a comprehensive needs assessment for the whole of London," but concluded that the extremes of health need found in London were "unparalleled in the rest of England." Dr Jacobson highlights some of the major determinants of health inequality in inner London and assesses the extent to which the proposed solutions are likely to meet these needs.

Child↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of the prevalence of sensitization to Aspergillus antigens among asthmatics in Cleveland and London.

A survey of the frequency of sensitization to Aspergillus antigens was conducted in a group of asthmatics in Cleveland and compared with a group of asthmatics in London, using common antigens for testing purposes. The two groups were comparable except for earlier onset, longer duration of asthma, and a larger number of males in the London group. Twenty-eight per cent of the asthmatics from Cleveland and 23% from London had immediate skin reactivity to Aspergillus. Seven and one-half percent from the Cleveland group and 10.5% of the London group had Aspergillus precipitins in the serum. Aspergillus skin test reactivity was related to the severity of airways obstruction (p less than 0.01) but was not influenced by other factors. We conclude that sensitization to Aspergillus antigens occur with equal frequency in both the United States and the United Kingdom.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Stroke death and unemployment in London.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between social factors and stroke mortality in men and women aged between 45 and 74 years using census and mortality data from 32 London boroughs in 1971 and 1981. DESIGN: Census data from 1971 and 1981 on type of accommodation, density of room occupation, male unemployment rate, and proportion of households without a car were linked with stroke mortality available for each London borough. SETTING: 32 London boroughs excluding the City of London. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main outcome measures were the association between age adjusted mortality from stroke and the proportion of households with no car, non-ownership of home, in council housing or rented accommodation, male unemployment rate, and living density of more than 1.5 people per room. There was no strong correlation between social variables and stroke mortality in 1971, but strong correlations were found for male stroke mortality in 1981. The highest correlation was with male unemployment (r = 0.64, p less than 0.001) even after adjusting for the proportion of the population born in the Caribbean and Africa (r = 0.56, p less than 0.01). Other social variables were also highly correlated with male stroke mortality: households without a car (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001), living density of more than 1.5 people per room (r = 0.053, p less than 0.001), council housing (r = 0.45, p = 0.01), and rented accommodation (r = 0.36, p = 0.05). After regressing male mortality on unemployment rate the other social variables were no longer significantly correlated with male stroke mortality. In women, the only significant correlation was found in 1981 between stroke mortality and the proportion of families living in council housing (r = 0.34, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Social factors are important indicators of stroke mortality. The major increases in unemployment over the decade may explain the generally stronger association in 1981 compared with 1971. Male stroke mortality increased by 0.062/1000 for every one percent increase in male unemployment (0.054/1000 after adjusting for place of birth).

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Pathways to the hospital for the geriatric psychiatric patient in New York and London.

This communication examines the pathways of geriatric psychiatric patients in New York and London from the time of onset of a psychiatric episode to hospitalization. Informants of 50 patients in each city were interviewed with a semi-structured interview covering the events and the patient's activities prior to hospitalization. The results show that the time from the onset of the episode to hospitalization is significantly shorter in London than it is in New York. The major portion of this difference is accounted for by the longer time spent London the doctor is significantly more involved in New York between episode onset and initial medical contact. In the decision to hospitalize. In New York the main reason for hospitalization is harmful behavior, while in London it is psychiatric symptoms.

Aged↗