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A typology of styles of loving is applied to the search for partners among gay males, using a sample of advertisers in a gay newspaper. Characteristics of advertisers and of the partners they seek are analyzed. The impact of gay liberation ideology on gay male relationships is considered as a model of predicted changes in heterosexual male selection patterns.
Identified and described 150 years ago, the delirious conviction of being loved, or erotomania, is probably more frequent (in his less spectacular forms) in the private practice, than in the psychiatric services. The critical examination of the literature permits to classify this peculiar clinical-psychological entity as paranoid psychoses, or as sensitive characteropathias of the the Kretschmer-type, finally as an exaggerated-rediculous form of the intra-specific struggle for the conquest of a sexual partner. The pathogenesis of erotomania is yet under discussion. The psycho-analytic conception invoking the rejection or denegation of a latent homosexuality is yet not demonstrated. Six personal cases (three women, two of them being married, and three single men) are related as a contribution to the study of the yet debated problem of erotomania.
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Alternative models of premarital abortion permissiveness (PAP) are tested with a two-state sample of single college women. The first model proposes that number of times in love (Love) leads to coitus (Sex) and that coitus increases premarital sexual permissiveness (PSP), which in turn leads to greater acceptance of abortion (PAP). The second posits a causal path from Love to PSP to Sex to PSP. The data appear to be consistent with a revised third model. The paths between Love and PAP and between Love and PSP are negligible, indicating that the effects of Love on PSP and PAP are mediated by Sex. The revised model suggests that as number of times in love increases so does coital experience and that coitus has both a direct effect on PAP and an indirect effect through PSP.
Twentieth-century attitudes toward love between women are very different from those of previous centuries. Fiction and personal correspondence that antedate the work of Krafft-Ebing and Havelock Ellis in the late 19th century indicate that a much broader spectrum of expression of love and affection between women had been acceptable than that to which we have become accustomed. Medical science and psychology for the past 100 years have morbidified intense love relationships between women by inventing a syndrome of ills that supposedly accompany such affection, and by denying the validity or seriousness of the affection where such ills are clearly not present. The result has been that (until the lesbian-feminist movement) 20th-century women were largely forced to deny their love for other women unless they were willing to acknowledge their concomitant morbidity.
A sociology-of-knowledge perspective is used to examine the interplay among sex, love, and commitment within the context of historical trends and social changes. The implications of qualitative and quantitative differences among love, sex and commitment are discussed in relation to (1) the concept of "multiple selves," (2) "individual variations in threshold levels," and (3) the misuse of "ideal types." Clinical and research efforts to differentiate among sex, love, and commitment need to be balanced by explicit awareness of the tendency to compartmentalize these three areas.
The effort is made to delineate some of the key issues involved in the interaction of love, sex, and commitment. Coupling is viewed from an ethological perspective that suggests that, in addition to the developmental contribution of the parent-child experience, peer-peer relating is a major determinant of adult hetrosexual relatedness. Couples are next considered as responding to social and economic forces that influence powerfully what types and duration of relationships have survival value. Finally, the nature of the inner experience of couples, their existential awareness of themselves and the other, and the meaning that they attribute to it is discussed. Being a member of a couple is participating in a story, sometimes a "love story," and whether or not it is seen as a good story depends on one's critical vantage point. Finally, the analysis of relationships is contrasted with the experience of a relationship as a gestalt, a whole; not as the sum of its parts.
Erotomania is reexamined by an in-depth study of eight patients. There appear to be two main varieties: the phantom lover syndrome, or fixed delusion elaborated around a person who does not exist, and erotomania proper, a recurrent tendency to believe that one is loved by a powerful, prominent man.
When a couple become erotically pair-bonded, whether for a night or a lifetime, they are by definition committed to each other erotically. That is the minimum. The degree varies. The commitment may be limited to the proceptive phase of solicitation or courtship, or it may include the acceptive phase of coitus, or it may extend to the conceptive phase of parenthood. People "fall in love with their fantasy" and project onto the partner a range of future commitments. If the partner fails to reciprocate, the pair-bond weakens and the partnership either dissolves or becomes eligible for marital counseling or sex therapy.
Pathological hatred affects belong to the paranoic reactions, paranoic developments and paranoid psychoses. The normal hatred affect helps as a means to the end of removing the object of hatred. The passion of hatred is an affect swinging between a feeling of triumph and a feeling of impotence and the cardinal symptom of a paranoic neurotic development. Hatred becomes monomania when the affect degenerates maniacally (e. g. queruousness) or perversely (e. g. misogyny). In catathymic mania, hatred is projected on to the "pursuer". The metamorphosis of love into hatred is historically and dynamically behind all normal and pathological manifestations of hatred.
The love dart of the snail Helix pomatia is a four-bladed, hollow spicule of calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate is largely in the form of microcrystalline aragonite, the crystals being not more than 0.5 micrometer in size but assembled into sheets or blocks of much greater size. Protein occurs in the dart structure as an external sheath, as a lining to the tubular core and as a matrix component of the mineral phase. Comparisons with the molluscan shell are drawn and a rationale for the architecture suggested.
The author's intent has been to promote a close working relationship between the dentist and the technician. Certainly, McCracken was doing that when he said that he hoped they could "work together in proper sequence to develop restorations that are biologically and mechanically sound and to produce removable partial dentures that reflect continuous progress in prosthetic dentistry". That's the secret. The dentist and the technician should work together and in proper sequence. Too often dental education and the dental profession have seemed to espouse the idea that the technician must function as an automaton in the fabrication of removable partial dentures. The practitioner of general dentistry can certainly ask for ideas and suggestions from the technician and still control the ultimate outcome. The dentist can share thoughts with the technician to ameliorate the "love-hate" relationship and still be responsible for the removable partial denture treatment.
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