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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Folic acid supplementation in low birth weight infants.

Low birth weight infants (246) entered a trial to folic acid supplementation from 3 weeks to 12 months of age. The folic acid group had significantly higher mean hemoglobin levels at 6 and 9 months of age but the differences were only about 0.5 gm/dl, there was no significant difference in hematocrit, and in both groups of infants the mean hemoglobin levels were higher than those of normal birth weight infants. The differences in hemoglobin, although statistically significant, are of uncertain clinical significance. Median red cell folate levels remained within the normal adult range in both groups of infants. A minority of infants in the untreated group had low red cell folate levels but this was usually temporary, corrected by dietary folate, and not associated with low hemoglobin. Weight gain was not affected by folic acid supplementation. The infants in this trial were fed with a milk preparation containing 3.5 microgram/100 ml of folic acid which is a similar concentration to that of human milk and we recommend that the folate content of milks fed to low birth weight infants should not fall below this level. We do not have sufficient grounds to recommend routine folic acid supplements for all low birth weight infants throughout the first year of life but there is a possibility that their folate intake may sometimes be suboptimal.

Anemia, Macrocytic↗
PubMed1979

Increased incidence of lactobezoars in low birth weight infants.

Fifteen low birth weight infants had their conditions complicated by the formation of a lactobezoar. The mean gestational age was 30.3 weeks; mean birth weight was 1,184 g, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 11.8 days. Twelve of the infants were receiving an 80 kcal/dL-formula and one infant, a 40 kcal/dL-formula designed for the premature infant. Symptoms included abdominal distension, emesis or increased gastric residual, diarrhea, hematest-positive stools, abdominal mass, and gastric perforation.

Bezoars↗
PubMed1977

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in very low birth weight infants.

In very low birth weight infants, the occurrence of bilirubin-related brain damage has been repeatedly observed at low serum bilirubin concentrations in close association with altered pathophysiologic status (hypoxia, acidosis, hypothermia, and so on). This increased susceptibility is accompanied by increased severity and duration of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia as compared with more mature infants. Clinical manifestations of kernicterus in very low birth weight infants are almost always nonspecific. No single biochemical or physiologic measurement is sufficient to predict the risk for development of the bilirubin-related brain damage in this group. Prevention of bilirubin-related brain damage in very low birth weight infants requires not only the maintenance of physiologic and biochemical milieu within normal limits, but also specific therapy to alleviate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Although exchange transfusion has been the mainstay of therapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, the increased morbidity and mortality associated with exchange transfusion in these immature infants and the need to maintain very low serum bilirubin concentrations suggest that prophylactic phototherapy may be more beneficial for this group.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1977

Urine solute excretion in growing low-birth-weight infants.

Fifteen thriving low-birth-weight infants who weighed less than 1,950 gm at birth were randomly selected to study the urine solute excretion on two milk-based proprietary formulas, SMA or Formula 4. The results showed that urine oxmolality rose progressively with increasing caloric concentration and was 78, 111, and 163 mOsm/kg H2O on 67, 80, and 100 kCal/dl SMA, respectively. Formula 4 gave rise to significantly higher urine osmolality (133 mOsm/kg H2O) than SMA, when fed at the same caloric density of 67 kCal/dl. Although the dependence of urine solute excretion on dietary load was confirmed, the rapidly growing low-birth-weight infant appears to incorporate a larger portion of potential urine solute into growing tissues, than is the case in the term infant.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Sequential laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure for inguinal hernia during NICU/GCU hospitalization in low birth weight infants.

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia is common in low birth weight infants and carries a risk of incarceration. Although laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) is widely used in pediatric patients, the safety of sequential LPEC during NICU/GCU hospitalization remains unclear. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of sequential LPEC during NICU/GCU hospitalization. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed infants who underwent LPEC between September 2018 and July 2024. Infants aged ≤ 6 months diagnosed with inguinal hernia and treated with sequential LPEC during hospitalization were included. For comparison, infants aged ≤ 6 months with a history of NICU/GCU hospitalization who were diagnosed with inguinal hernia after NICU/GCU discharge and underwent LPEC were identified. RESULTS: Among 302 patients, 13 met the inclusion criteria. One patient required postoperative reintubation, postoperative testicular atrophy occurred in three patients, and no hernia recurrence was observed during a median follow-up of 48 months. Compared with infants diagnosed after NICU/GCU discharge, the sequential LPEC group had significantly lower gestational age, lower birth weight, lower body weight at surgery, and more comorbidities, whereas postoperative outcomes were comparable. CONCLUSION: Sequential LPEC during continuous NICU/GCU hospitalization is feasible and can be safely performed in low birth weight infants with appropriate technical refinements.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Feeding of low-birth-weight infants].

A child with low birth-weight is defined. Physiological and biochemical bases for the nutrition of these babies are given. Breast-feeding is recommended describing advantages and disadvantages compared with other milk formulas. Some artificial milk formulas in the national market are analyzed and modified milk or protein-modified milk are recommended as substitutes for mother's milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lactobezoar in the low-birth-weight infant.

Lactobezoar is an unusual complication associated with infant feeding. Seven low-birth-weight infants developed lactobezoars, including one whose case was complicated by gastric perforation. Six of these infants were fed formulas specifically designed for the low-birth-weight infant. Abdominal distention or regurgitation were the most frequent symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed or made prospectively on supine or cross table lateral chest roentgenograms that included the upper abdomen. Treatment consisted of withholding feeding for 24 hours. There was no recurrence of symptoms following resumption of feedings.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The use of a crystalline amino acid mixture for parenteral nutrition in low-birth-weight infants.

Thirty-six preterm, sick, low-birth-weight neonates were given either total or partial parenteral nutrition. The patients were divided into three groups according to their birth weights: group A -less than 1,000 gm, 12 patients: group B--between 1,000 and 1,500 gm, 15 patients: group C--more than 1,500 gm, 9 patients. The solution for total parenteral nutrition contained 20% glucose and 2.6% crystalline amino acids plus appropriate amounts of vitamins and minerals. The volume of infusate given was usually 125 ml/kg/day, but varied depending on the clinical condition of the patient; occasionally it was as high as 150 to 175 ml/kg/day. Infusate of one-half strength was administered initially; its concentrations of glucose and amino acids were increased to three quarters and full strength gradually, if tolerated. The solution for total parenteral nutrition was infused into the superior vena cava via a central venous catheter; that for partial parenteral nutrition was given into a peripheral vein to supplement inadequate oral feedings. The period of parenteral nutrition lasted from 5 to 49 days, with an average of 13.2 days. The intake of 500 mg of nitrogen as crystalline amino acids and 100 kcal as glucose was capable of achieving body weight gain. Positive nitrogen balance of various degrees was also observed. Hyperglycemia of a slight to moderate degree was observed in nine patients; only three required insulin therapy. Two patients had thrombotic occlusion of the central venous catheter. The conclusion was reached that total parenteral nutrition or partial parenteral nutrition, when properly managed, is a safe procedure in small, premature infants. The amino acid solution given as a nitrogen source along with adequate calories was effective in promoting weight gain and nitrogen balance; it was apparently well tolerated by low-birth-weight neonates.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

Results of the intensive perinatal management of very-low-birth-weight infants (501 to 1,500 grams).

In January 1975 at the University of Colorado Medical Center, a program of intensive intrapartum and neonatal care went into effect for all infants with expected birth weights of over 600 gm. Data are presented on the 187 infants weighing 501 to 1,000 gm born in 1975 to 1976. The 70 infants weighing 501 to 1,000 gm had a perinatal mortality of 65% and a neonatal mortality of 55%. The perinatal mortality of the 117 infants weighing 1,001 to 1,500 gm was 25% and the neonatal mortality 20%. Among the 501- to 1,000-gm infants, cesarean section for delivery of abnormal presentations resulted in a lower perinatal mortality than did vaginal delivery. Apgar scores were predictive of an improved chance of survival, but scores of three or less even at five minutes were associated with a 25% survival rate. Of those infants who did not survive the neonatal period, over 70% had died by 48 hours of life. These results were achieved without the use of beta-mimetic tocolytic agents to inhibit labor or long-acting corticosteroids to enhance pulmonary maturation. The improved survival of the infants weighing 1,500 gm or less when compared with infants of similar weights in preceding years is attributed to more intensive perinatal management of these mothers and their very-low-birth-weight infants.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

[Changes in mortality of low birth weight infants after the introduction of newborn intensive care (author's transl)].

The Newborn Intensive Care Centre at the Landeskinderkrankenhaus Linz is the referral centre serving an area in which 20% of births in Austria occur. During a 4-year period ending 1976, after the facilities for intensive care had been introduced, the overall mortality of low birth weight infants (LBWI) was reduced by 44% (from 26% to 14%), whilst the mortality of LBWI born at the Landes-Frauenklinik Linz, which works in close collaboration with the Landeskinderkrankenhaus, went down by 60% (from 24% to 9%). The chances of survival decreased with increasing transportation distance and suboptimum standards of obstetrical care, in spite of intensive treatment after referral. It is suggested that the improved methods of perinatal care applied at the obstetrical and neonatal units are the cause of this remarkable improvement in survival rate of LBWI. These improvements in neonatal survival rate contributed considerably to the 40% decline in infant mortality in Upper Austria from 26.7% in 1973 to 16.2% in 1976..

Austria↗