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Results for “Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

MR imaging in congenital lower limb deformities.

Treatment for children with congenital deformities of the lower extremities may vary, depending on the state of the unossified skeletal structures and surrounding soft tissues. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the spectrum of the osteochondral and extrasosseous abnormalities as depicted with MR imaging. We retrospectively reviewed MR examinations of 13 limbs of ten children (aged 1 month-9 years, mean 2.1 years) with longitudinal and transverse deformities of the lower extremities. The lesions imaged were fibular hemimelia (n = 5), tibial hemimelia (n = 5), and congenital constriction bands (n = 3). Each examination was assessed for abnormalities in the osteocartilaginous and extraosseous (articular or periarticular components such as ligaments, tendons, and menisci; the muscles and the arteries) structures. Abnormalities were seen in all patients. Osteocartilaginous abnormalities in the patients with longitudinal deformities included abnormal distal femoral epiphyses, abnormal proximal tibial physes, hypertrophied and dislocated proximal fibular epiphyses, unsuspected fibular and tibial remnants, and absence or coalition of the tarsal bones. No osteocartilaginous abnormalities were seen in the patients with congenital constriction bands. Articular abnormalities about the knee in patients with either form of hemimelia included absent cruciate ligaments and menisci, dislocated or absent cartilaginous patellae, absent patellar tendons, and abnormal collateral ligaments. All but one limb imaged had absent or attenuated muscle groups. Of the nine MR arteriograms performed at the level of the knee, eight were abnormal. The normal popliteal trifurcation was absent or in an abnormal location. We conclude that MR imaging of children with congenital lower extremity deformities shows many osteochondral and extraosseous abnormalities that are not depicted by conventional radiography. This information can help to plan early surgical intervention and prosthetic rehabilitation.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Anatomical basis for congenital deformities of the lower extremities. Part I. The hip and thigh.

Congenital deformities frequently produce problems not always discernible at birth. Often, a period of time is required for the development of signs and symptoms. The present discussion presents the intrauterine anatomy of a midterm fetus relative to conditions of the hip and thigh. Cryomicrotomy is used in this study to present the best anatomical evidence of the morphology involved.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed2006

Knee deformity in congenital longitudinal deficiencies of the lower extremity.

UNLABELLED: The knee has various pathologic appearances in patients with congenital longitudinal deformities of the lower extremities. Radiographs from 39 patients with unilateral longitudinal congenital deficiencies of the lower extremities were analyzed to describe epiphyseal and metaphyseal configurations and position of the epiphyseal plate. We defined 22 radiographic parameters of the femur and tibia, calculated the mean values, and compared the parameters of the affected knee with the unaffected knee for patients in different age groups. In the femur, we observed hypoplasia of the lateral condyle in width and height. In the tibia, the lateral condylar hypoplasia was manifest primarily by lateral horizontal deficiency. Age group comparisons showed no horizontal epiphyseal deficiencies in the older patients, but there was persistence of vertical epiphyseal deficiencies. Bony deformities in congenital longitudinal deficiencies mainly were attributable to dysplasia of the lateral epiphysis in the distal femur and proximal tibia, whereas positions of the epiphyseal plate had varying physiologic values. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, Level II. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Anatomical basis for congenital deformities of the lower extremities. Part II. The knee and leg.

The congenital etiology of many malformations of the lower extremities is undisputed. This study uses cryomicrotomy of the knees and legs of midterm fetuses to establish the best anatomical representations of lower extremity parts, as they are developing, in a partially microscopic form. Adequate treatment plans of congenital defects require a knowledge of the normal status of development, and this investigation provides these data in a unique way. A comprehensive review of current therapeutic philosophies is related to morphology, which is discussed in light of the various congenital abnormalities of the knee and leg.

Fetus↗
PubMed2003

[Surgical treatment of orthopedic deformities due to spasticity in the lower limb].

Orthopedic deformities in the lower limb concern all joints (hip, knee, ankle, foot) with a wide range of clinical forms. Spasticity, contracture, stiffness, laxity, neurological deficit are assessed to establish the surgical procedure. Surgical techniques are adapted to the goals that are detailed with the patient and his family: standing, transferring, walking, hygiene, devices (shoes, orthosis, canes, wheelchair). Surgical procedures can associate: lengthening of contractured muscles (tenotomy with or without sutures, fractional lengthening at the musculo-tendinous junction or desinsertion), strengthening of antagonists (passive or active tendon transfer) and correction of joint deformity (arthrolysis, arthrodesis, arthroplasty). In adults, the most common deformities are the equinus or equinovarus foot, toe curling, hip adductum, knee flessum. Talus or knee recurvatum are less frequently observed. The association of various deformities raises questions concerning the hierarchy of surgical procedure, from an anatomical point of view (do we start with proximal or distal joint first?) as from chronological concerns (shall we do one or more procedures?). Pluridisciplinary assessment using neurological anesthetic blocs and dynamic EMG or gait analysis is necessary to detail the aims of surgery and choose the surgical procedures.

Foot Deformities, Congenital↗
PubMed2006

["In-toeing and out-toeing"].

From birth to the end of growth, a femoral detorsion associated with a lateral tibial torsion can be observed. The absence or the exaggeration of this phenomenon leads to rotational abnormalities of the lower limbs called by parents as " in-toeing or out-toeing ". This represents one of the most frequent motives for consultation in pediatric orthopedics. The analysis of the respective position of knees and feet during walking and the measurements of femoral and tibial torsion allow the diagnosis of rotational abnormalities. During growth, the degree of these anomalies may increase or decrease spontaneously. As there is no evidence of a relationship between rotational abnormalities and arthritis, there are no preventive orthopaedic or surgical treatments. However, at the end of the growth, the persistence of functional symptoms leads to femoral or tibial derotation osteotomies.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2002

Tibial/femoral hypoplasia with "hook" pelvis: a potentially unique dysostosis.

We report a 2-year-5-month-old girl with malformed lower limbs. The radiographic skeletal survey revealed agenesis of the ilio-pubic rami with pubic dehiscence, right hip dislocation, bilateral coxa vara, short femurs, femoro-tibial synchondrosis, bilateral hypoplastic tibiae more severe on the left side, and hypoplastic left calcaneus and talus. To the best of our knowledge, this combination of multiple congenital skeletal abnormalities has not been reported before.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗