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Results for “Lower limb”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

Lower limb angiography in leprosy.

Bilateral lower limb angiography was performed on 58 patients with leprosy and compared with bilateral lower limb angiography performed on 63 non-leprosy patients. The vessels in leprosy were narrow and constricted. Decreased blood flow through arteries in the distal third of the lower limb was present. Abnormal AV fistula formation in the thigh and calf muscles and in trophic ulcers of the feet was also seen. Deep inflammatory granulomatous reaction surrounding the arteries as a result of leprosy is a possible explanation for these angiographic findings and is felt to be related to trophic ulceration. These findings were specific for leprosy, precede clinical manifestations, and are helpful in management.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Effects of postural changes of the upper limb on reflex transmission in the lower limb. Cervicolumbar reflex interactions in man.

The influence of passive changes in upper limb position on the excitability of three myotatic arc reflexes (soleus, quadriceps, and biceps femoris) of the lower limb has been explored on 42 volunteers. The results indicate that the excitability of the three myotatic arcs can be influenced at a distance by postural modifications of the upper limb. When the ipsilateral upper limb is forwards or the contralateral backwards, a facilitation of both soleus and quadriceps tendon reflexes is observed while the biceps femoris reflexes are reduced. This pattern of facilitation and inhibition is reversed when the ipsilateral upper limb is backwards or the contralateral forwards. The facilitations as well as inhibitions of proximal myotatic arc reflexes are quantitatively more marked than that of the soleus reflex. Facilitation and inhibition are not linearly related to the angle of the arm with the trunk. Effects begin at a considerable angle, become maximal at 45 degrees, and progressively disappear for greater values. It is suggested that the distinct pattern of facilitation and inhibition which is exerted in reciprocal fashion on extensor and flexor motor nuclei might depend on the long propriospinal neurones connecting cervical and lumbar enlargements.

Achilles Tendon↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Vacuum Compression Therapy on Healing of Chronic Lower Limb Ulcers: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Chronic lower limb ulcers remain difficult to manage when unresponsive to conventional treatment. This study evaluated the clinical and physiological effects of vacuum compression therapy on wound healing and quality of life. Fifty patients with chronic lower limb ulcers were randomised to receive 12 sessions of vacuum compression therapy plus standard care or standard care alone over 4 weeks. Wound dimensions, exudate, pain intensity and quality of life were assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Estimated wound volume was calculated as length × width × depth. Tissue oxygenation was measured at the dorsum of the foot in the experimental group. The vacuum compression therapy group showed greater improvements in wound width, depth, volume and quality of life. Estimated wound volume decreased by 61% in the intervention group, whereas no statistically significant volume reduction was observed in controls. Local tissue oxygenation in the experimental group increased by 43%. Baseline wound size was associated with poorer quality of life. Vacuum compression therapy may enhance wound healing and quality of life in patients with chronic lower limb ulcers. Observed increases in local tissue oxygenation represent exploratory physiological findings within the treated cohort that warrant controlled comparative evaluation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT07737184.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Arterial trauma involving the lower limb.

Experience with 105 lower limb arterial injuries in 103 patients in a general hospital is described. The pathology is discussed: it is noted that spasm per se could not be incriminated as a cause of ischemia. Management of the injuries and associated fractures is outlined. A plea is made for use of external fixation in compound injuries. An aggressive approach to the degloved limb, open three-compartment fasiotomy for severe vascular injury with signs of ischemia, and delayed primary closure for wounds with septic complications are recommended. Associated soft-tissue injury requires arterial reconstruction even in the presence of muscle rigor and anesthesia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Hair patterns of the lower limb in Central Indian males.

The distribution of hair of the right lower limb has been studied in a random sample of 220 healthy Central Indian males 17 to 45 years of age. The common hair patterns observed are the proximal phalangeal hair in all toes in 55.45%, the middle phalangeal hair in the third toe in 8.18%, the tibial on the dorsum of foot in 69.55%, and the pedo-cruro-femoral in the lower limb in 70.00% subjects. Comparison of these findings with those of the right upper limb shows that hairiness of the two limbs is correlated, that the dorsum of foot is less hairy than the dorsum of hand, and that the third and second toes are comparable with the fourth and third fingers, respectively, as regards their middle phalangeal hair. Comparison with the available literature shows that the Central Indian males resemble the Whites in having greater frequency of middle phalangeal hair than those of the Negroes, that the dorsum of feet of this population is less hairy than the White and more hairy than the Negroes, and that the general hairiness of the lower limb is more or less equal in the three groups of persons.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Treatment of critical ischaemia of the lower limb by venous arterialization : an interim report.

A method to revascularize the critically ischaemic lower limb by arterialization of the dorsal venous arch of the foot via the long saphenous vein is described. Satisfactory procedures were achieved in 5 of 6 patients for whom standard arterial reconstructions were not possible and who would otherwise have required amputation. Of these, 2 failed in the early postoperative period and amputation was performed. Two others failed after 1 year and 18 months respectively but amputation was not required. One patient died 8 months after operation with a functioning arterialized vein and pain-free limb. In the 5 patients with successfully revascularized limbs rest pain was relieved, and incisions, ischaemic ulcers and gangrene healed, showing that effective nutrition of the lower limb was achieved by delivering arterial blood through the venous system. Complications were minor and easily controlled. Although as a result of the procedure amputation was avoided in 3 out of 6 patients, the place of the method in the treatment of critical ischaemia of the lower limb remains dubious. Further investigation and modification of the method are planned.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

[Simple examination of spastic movement disorders of the lower limbs in the infant age].

In 334 children active dorsiflexion of the feet was tested in order to screen for spasticity of the lower limbs. The conditions were: 1. The child lying supine. 2. The head turned actively and if this is not possible passively to the side of the examined foot. 3. Passive extension of the child's hip and knee of the examined side by the examinator. 4. Stimulation of the skin at the lateral and lower part of the shin, or the dorsum pedis or the anterior part of the toes and the planta pedis to provoke active dorsiflexion of the foot. Stimulation is done by the fingers of the examinator or by a slight touch with an ordinary handbrush. Dorsiflexion of the foot is graded "normal" if it surpasses 90--100 degrees, "suspicious" if it only reaches 90 degrees and "pathologic" if 90 degrees cannot be reached or if this can be done only on the medial side or if there is constant clawing of the toes even with sufficient dorsiflexion. We have examined 334 children; 260 of these were younger than one year. The results of this kind of stimulated dorsiflexion of the foot were compared with the results of the usual extensive neurological examination with regard to spasticity of the lower limbs (see literature) and with both of VOJTA's most sensible postural reactions. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. Spasticity of the lower limbs can be excluded with a high degree of probability when dorsiflexion of the feet is graded "normal". 2. If the dorsiflexion is graded "suspicious" or "pathologic" a more thorough neurological examination is warranted and if necessary short-term controls. 3. The results of this examination are in good agreement with the one of VOJTA's most sensitive postural reactions to indicate spasticity of the lower limbs.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1978

Review of function in bilateral lower limb amputees.

A review of the results of bilateral lower limb amputation in 53 individuals indicates that the physician can now be more optimistic when considering the use of prostheses and the value of rehabilitation in patients with bilateral amputation. Many patients continue to use a prosthesis after the second amputation, irrespective of the site of the first. Associated disease and lack of motivation delay successful rehabilitation. About half of the amputees used a wheelchair as a principal aid to mobility. A number of patients found that amputation of the second limb necessitated a change of accommodation, reduced their degree of independence and decreased their social activities. Individuals with bilateral lower limb amputation prefer to retain the knee joint, even if they already have unilateral above-knee amputation.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1978

Excitability relationships between lower limb myotatic arcs in spasticity.

The excitability of a lower limb myotatic reflex arc is modulated by the antecedent activation of another myotatic arc in the same limb; the changes can be represented by heteronymous excitability curves. This work compares heteronymous excitability curves in spastic and normal subjects. Eighteen patients who showed clear signs of pyramidal tract lesions at a chronic stage were studied. Three myotatic arcs of the lower limb (soleus, quadriceps, and short biceps) were activated either by mechanical percussion (T Sol-T Quad-TSBi) or by electrical stimulation of the afferent nerve (H Sol-H Quad). They were used as conditioning and test responses in six different combinations, and the results compared to those obtained previously in normal volunteers. In spastic patients, heteronymous excitability curves are more obviously modified than homonymous ones. The changes are most prominent in the thigh muscles and less marked when the soleus reflex is conditioned by activation of quadriceps and biceps femoris myotatic reflex arcs.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Blood flow and vascular resistance in lower limbs in hypertensives at rest and at reactive hyperaemia.

The maximal decrease of vascular resistance during reactive hyperaemia in lower limb was investigated in a group of healthy control persons, in hypertensives (stage II) with blood pressure level over 160/95 mmHg, in hypertensives (stage II) with pressure level below 160/95 mmHg, and in patients with atherosclerotic changes in the lower-limb arteries without signs of obliteration. Insufficient distensibility was found not only in hypertensives with pressure over 160/95 mmHg, but also in those with a normal pressure level at the time of examination (achieved by antihypertensive therapy or bed rest). A similar insufficient distensibility was observed in patients with atherosclerotic changes in the lower-limb arteries without obliteration. The findings support the view that anatomical rebuilding of vascular wall takes place in hypertension, and suggest that the incapacity of maximal dilatation is characteristic not only of resistance vessels but probably of larger arteries as well.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

A comparison of proximal with distal arterial reconstruction in the treatment of advanced lower limb ischaemia.

Elective arterial surgery for lower limb ischaemia due to chronic occlusive disease has been performed in 212 patients over a five-year period. Of this group, 93 patients were treated for limb-threatening ischaemia. The remainder were treated for intermittent claudication. The clinical and haemodynamic responses to surgery are analysed in this series of 93 patients. The results of proximal reconstruction, in terms of a living patient with patent graft and functional limb, were significantly better (75%) at one year than in patients undergoing distal segment reconstruction (45%). Successful aortoiliac surgery was associated with a mean increase in the ankle systolic pressure index of 0.36, comparied with 0.46 in the distal reconstruction group.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

Local complications following surgical treatment of lower limb atherosclerosis.

654 arterial reconstructions for lower limb atherosclerosis were performed during the period January 1967-April 1975. Ten significant infections were seen in the material. Necrosis of the wound edges was observed in 20 limbs. Marked oedema was noticed in 148 limbs, most after femoro-popliteal repair. Forty-two early reocclusions (6.4%) and 39 haemorrhagic complications (5.9%) were observed. About 2/3 of these cases were successfully reoperated with reestablished circulation. Immediate exploration of the reconstructed arterial segment is therefore justified when such complications occur in the early postoperative period. Most early reocclusions were due to insufficient endarterectomy, mostly performed by ringstripping. Ringstripping between two arteriotomies and a better intraoperative control of the endarterectomized arterial segment might have prevented some of these reocclusions. When bleeding occurred in the early postoperative phase local repair was usually successful. Haemorrhage occurring later in the postoperative period had a poorer outcome. As they are often related to infection, such cases should be treated by ligation of the artery and a by-pass through an uninvolved area if the limb is threatened.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMed2026

Lower-limb electromyographic responses across four recumbent cycling configurations in healthy young men.

Recumbent cycling provides an adjustable configuration in which backrest angle and crank-axis height can alter lower-limb loading. Backrest angle changes the orientation of the active musculature relative to gravity, whereas crank-axis height modifies the foot-pedal interface and the ankle lever arm. Whether such positioning is associated with differences in lower-limb electromyographic (EMG) activation across both factors together has not been examined. Using a randomized crossover design, fifty-nine healthy young men cycled at 100 W and 50 rpm under four conditions combining two backrest angles (30°, 75°) and two crank-axis heights (Rh, high, 77 cm; Rl, low, 45 cm). Surface EMG from the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), and gastrocnemius medialis (GAS) was analyzed for root mean square (RMS) amplitude, absolute onset sequence, and relative recruitment timing (%Sequence, derived using Telescan software and referenced to RF). RMS amplitude did not differ across conditions for any muscle (all p ≥ 0.356), and absolute onset sequence showed no condition effect (all p ≥ 0.197). For GAS %Sequence, the Greenhouse-Geisser-corrected omnibus test was significant (F(1.32, 76.56) = 28.45, p < 0.001), driven by a within-30° contrast in which %Sequence was lower under Rl than Rh (paired t(58) = 10.39, Holm-adjusted p < 0.0001; mean difference 22.0 percentage points, 95 % CI [17.8, 26.3]; dz = 1.35). Because %Sequence is referenced to RF, this exploratory shift should be interpreted cautiously. Lower-limb activation may be constrained by the closed-chain nature of pedaling, whereas distal recruitment timing may be sensitive to crank-axis height and the foot-pedal interface.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Fabry's disease with familial lymphedema of the lower limbs. Case report and family study.

The case of a 49-year-old man with Fabry's disease (FD), confirmed by histopathological findings of kidney and skin biopsies and enzymatic studies, is reported. Clinical symptoms mainly consisted in severe neurological involvement, and in conspicuous lymphedema of the lower limbs. Two decreased brothers of the patient were also affected with symptons strongly suggesting FD, as well as the lymphedema of the lower limbs. On the basis of these data, the association of FD with familial lymphedema of the lower limbs is discussed: a lipid accumulation in the lymphatic as well as the blood vessel wall is proposed as a possible explanation; the hypothesis of an inborn error in the development of the lymphatic system, controlled by a gene closedly associated with the FD gene on the same chromosome can also be advanced.

Cerebroside-Sulfatase↗

PubMed2026

Effects of blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training on lower-limb strength and sport-specific performance in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In contemporary sports science, athletes and coaches continuously explore strategies to reduce training load and injury risk while increasing muscular strength and sport-specific performance. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) combined with resistance training (RT) on lower-limb muscle strength and sport-specific performance in athletes. METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically searched across major databases (e.g. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and Embase) from inception until November 2024. Two independent reviewers carefully assessed the studies. Data analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4 software, which included heterogeneity testing, meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and assessment of publication bias. RESULTS: Ten RCTs (181 athletes; 91 in the BFRT and RT group, 90 in the control group) were included. Outcomes determined BFRT combined with RT yielded notable enhancements in lower-limb muscle strength (SMD = 1.09, 95% CI [0.52, 1.66], p < 0.05) and muscle hypertrophy (MD = 1.09, 95% CI [0.10, 2.09], p < 0.05) compared to control training. However, no significant improvement in sport-specific performance was found (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI [-0.18, 0.40], p = 0.46). Substantial heterogeneity was observed for strength outcomes (I2 = 75%), whereas low heterogeneity was observed for sport-specific performance and hypertrophy outcomes (I2 = 0%). No evidence of significant publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: BFRT combined with RT appears to provide effective augmentation of lower-limb muscle strength and hypertrophy in athletes compared to RT or conventional training alone. It may be prudent to integrate this approach systematically into training cycles to optimize physiological muscle stimulation and training outcomes, despite not directly improving sport-specific performance.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Thermography in lower limb arterial disease.

Skin temperature distributions are described which correspond to different levels of arterial obstruction in the lower limbs. These temperature distributions are conveniently observed using thermography. Thermography may be used to measure the change in skin temperature when the limb performs work. These skin temperature changes have been correlated with the impairment of blood flow to the lower limb.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Agenesis of the femoral vein in the framework of vascular dysplasias of the lower limbs. Clinical case].

Venous dilatations of the lower limbs, especially if associated with others abnormalities, may reflect pathogenetic mechanisms far more complex and diverse than plain insufficiency of the sephena, all the way to congenital vascular anomalies of all possible types and still dubious classification. In such conditions a prerequisite of prime importance is the complete exploration of the whole arterial and venous vasculature of the limb, first of all in order to avoid rash therapeutic decisions, and then to help clarify the diagnosis and select the most appropriate treatment from among the numerous technics available.

Angiography↗

PubMed1979

[Surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs].

146 patients with varicosis of the lower limbs were operated upon in a method unified by the author. Consideration was given to the late results found in 132 patients followed up within the period from 1 to 9 years. 5 patients (3.8%) developed recurrence of the disease.

Fasciotomy↗