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Values for the compressive breaking load of lumbar vertebrae at physiological strain rates show enormous scatter across the population, ranging from 0.8 kN to nearly 16 kN. Increase in strength was found at faster strain rates, but differences in compressive strength between upper and lower lumbar vertebrae were not significant. Hydraulic strengthening does not appear to contribute to the compressive strength at the strain rates studied.
The fourth lumbar vertebra was studied with dual photon absorptiometry in a group of young women immobilized in bed for 21 to 46 days after operation for scoliosis. Twelve out of 13 showed loss of bone content. The monthly loss in most patients highly exceeded earlier reported losses from other bones and significantly exceeded the methodological error.
Authors report on a case observed in a child developing bony bridge between the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae. They believe this alteration is a developmental anomaly.
Neutron diffraction measurements of the orientation of the apatite crystals show a significant preference of their c-axes for the vertical direction. This preference increases from bottom to top of each vertebral body and is substantially greater for the second than for the fifth lumbar vertebrae. This is in line with the predominantly vertical forces which the former withstands.
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An unusual case of traumatic herniation of the upper jejunum into the lumbar spine is presented. A suggested mechanism of injury is discussed.
The authors have observed three cases of fractures at the thoraco-lumbar level which did not unite after ten to twelve months - Dynamic X-rays demonstrated persisting mobility of about 20 degrees. The fracture line of the vertebral bodies was situated in a frontal plane and fragments were separated by the antero-inferior edge of the above vertebral body. The authors conclude that such fractions ought to be treated by internal fixation when recent, internal fixation and grafting when ancient.
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Autogenous transplantation of periosteum was performed in 60 rats. Periosteum was transferred from the femur to the spinal column in the region of thoracic vertebra 8 to lumbar vertebra 2. Follow-up included histological examination and microradiography. New bone formation occurred late and the bones were of a heterotopic nature; a solid arthrodesis was not achieved. Free periosteal grafts do not exhibit the relatively predictable behavior of periosteal flaps. Greater understanding at the biomolecular level may be required before free periosteal grafts can be introduced into routine clinical practice.
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Removal of the 2nd or 3rd lumbar vertebrae (or both) has been accomplished in the subhuman primate (Macaca mulatta). Variations between this animal and the dog in posture, vertebral column anatomy, and spinal cord blood supply made no apparent difference in the results when compared with those in previous experiments. All macaques were able to clinb and to use their hind legs in a normal manner within 3 days after surgical operation. Once hair had regrown over the surgical incision, persons not familiar with the animals were not able to identify the animals that had undergone surgical operation. If a single vertebra was removed, use of spinous process and a single vertebral body plate was sufficient to stabilize the vertebral column. Except for 1 rhesus macaque whose spinous process plates were removed 20 days after the operation, vertebral columns of macaques (n = 3) that underwent single spondylectomy healed in nearly normal alignment. With the removal of 2 lumbar vertebrae, the previously described stabilization procedure was not sufficient to prevent kyphotic deformity of the vertebral column. Spinous process plates from 1 macaque were removed after 64 days. However, all these macaques (n = 3) could climb and use their legs as well as others in the colony.
Repopulative activity of hemopoietic stem cells of mice given i.v. 5 kBq 239Pu/mouse (166.5 kBq/kg) was followed. The activity retained was measured in the whole mouse, the skeleton and the liver. Simultaneously average cumulative skeletal dose was calculated. Quantitative parameters of the stem cell compartment and the marrow cellularity were studied in variously arranged bones (femur, pelvis, lumbar vertebra) using the exocolonizing test and cytological techniques. The effects of radiation were most marked in lumbar vertebra, less serious changes were found in pelvis and only a moderate response was present in femur. The bone marrow hemopoiesis is damaged in various bone sites to different degrees and the percentage of cells at risk appears higher in trabecular than in cortical bone.