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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effects of inhaled albuterol and oral theophylline on gastroesophageal reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and obstructive lung disease.

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease may have pulmonary symptoms due to repeated aspiration of gastric contents or reflex bronchospasm during a reflux event. Oral bronchodilators are known to worsen gastroesophageal reflux and may lead to vicious cycle when gastroesophageal reflux causes bronchospasm. The effect of inhaled bronchodilators on gastroesophageal reflux is unknown. We compared the severity of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with documented gastroesophageal reflux disease and obstructive lung disease while they were taking inhaled albuterol or oral theophylline. Nine patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease had 24-hour esophageal pH studies on two separate days approximately 1 week apart. On one study day, the patients received 0.5 mg of albuterol in 2.5 mL of normal saline vias hand-held nebulizer, four times a day. On the other day, the patients received sustained-release theophylline, 200 mg twice a day, or in a dosage taken previously to achieve a serum theophylline level of 55 to 110 mumol/L. The patients had 40% reduction in the total time the pH was less than 4.0 with albuterol than with theophylline (9.7% vs 16.1%). Seven patients had less gastroesophageal reflux while taking albuterol, and two patients had essentially no change. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, who require bronchodilator therapy for obstructive lung disease, have less reflux with inhaled albuterol.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Differential diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease, A statistical analysis of the discriminating power of various lung function tests (author's transl)].

Among 65 patients admitted to the hospital for chronic obstructive lung disease, the following pulmonary tests were systematically performed : spirometric vital capacity and total lung capacity, FEV1, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity measured by body plethysmography, airway resistance and specific conductance, CO diffusion capacity measured by single-breath test, N2 clearance by single breath oxygen dilution, and blood gases. The patients were divided into bronchitics, emphysematous and broncho-emphysematous, according to the clinical and radiological Nash's score, and to another personal score derived from the former. The simple and multiple correlations between the clinico-radiological score and the functional results are low. The clustering analysis groups the 65 patients into four clouds of points, around two principal axes : the volume axis and the overinflation axis. This study indicates that the most suggestive results for emphysema diagnosis are increased FRC and TLC and low Tlco/V'a. The clinical score is not dominant for the clustering of the patients into the dynamic clouds. Beneath the bronchitic, the broncho-emphysematous and the emphysematous groups, the clustering analysis individualizes a fourth group of cases characterized by chronic asthma, and which were not isolated by Nash's score.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1975

Tucson epidemiologic study of obstructive lung diseases. II: Effects of in-migration factors on the prevalence of obstructive lung diseases.

The effects of in-migration factors on respiratory symptoms, chronic health problems, and lung function were examined in the stratified Tucson population as part of a longitudinal epidemiologic study of obstructive lung diseases. Migration to the area specifically for health reasons explained part of the high prevalences of disease found in the study. But natives still had higher rates of disease than those found generally in the United States, especially for asthma and allergic rhinitis; It was found that previous urban residence was related to the prevalence of several conditions, even when controlling for age, sex, and smoking habits. However, the trends were not always clear and the differences were not great enough to explain the Tucson population's much higher rates of these conditions than reported nationally or in similar studies elsewhere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Isovolemic hemodilution in erythrocytosis secondary to chronic obstructive lung disease.

Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease often present with a combination of respiratory and circulatory insufficiency. In secondary erythrocytosis (polycythemia) blood viscosity rises and further impairs peripheral oxygenation. Against this background, a patient with acute exacerbation of a chronic respiratory disease with secondary erythrocytosis was treated with isovolemic hemodilution during two periods of hospitalization. During each of these two periods, hemodilution was achieved by removing 1 700 and 1750 ml blood, respectively, and replacing this simultaneously by infusing equal volumes of dextran 70 (Maacrodex). The patient's general condition improved, her dependence on supplementary oxygen drastically decreased and the blood gas values improved after hemodilution. The progress of the disease in this case suggests that the raised hematocrit rather than hypervolemia contributed to the patient's poor condition. It also illustrates that too intensive diuretic therapy in cardiac insufficiency with concomitant erythrocytosis can lead to hemoconcentration and thereby add to the strain on an already overloaded circulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Enalapril improves hemodynamics and exercise tolerance in pulmonary heart disease caused by obstructive lung disease].

Chronic enalapril therapy was assessed in 11 patients with cor pulmonale due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Enalapril was added to the maintenance dose of diuretics and digitalis and when clinical stabilisation was achieved haemodynamics, spirometry, blood gases and maximal treadmill exercise test accompanied by +pulse oximetry were performed before and after 30 days, 10-20 mg a day, enalapril therapy. Haemodynamic study showed moderate but significant decrease in mean pulmonary artery pressure, from 24 +/- 3 to 21 +/- 5 mmHg (p = 0.05). There were no substantial differences in cardiac output as well as in blood gases and spirometry after enalapril therapy. Slight decrease in oxygen delivery, on an average from 9157 +/- 3808 to 8074 +/- 3574 (p = NS), was accompanied by a concomitant fall in haemoglobin. We noted significant improvement of maximal exercise test results after enalapril therapy. Maximal workload achieved and the time of exercise increased. It was accompanied by subjective improvement as assessed by Borg scale. We observed no adverse effects of enalapril during one month therapy in patients with cor pulmonale and COPD.

Aged↗