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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Effects of ventilation with defined formaldehyde concentrations on lung function and lung structures. Animal experiments on the noxiousness of formaldehyde residues after disinfection in the aseptor (author's transl)].

Having seen the development of fatal pneumonias in ventilated patients, the cause of which was assumed to be the presence of residual traces of formaldehyde in the air in the respirator Kilian and Haug showed in 1973 initial formaldehyde concentrations up to 0.2 ppm in the ventilatory air of respirators correctly disinfected in the Aseptor. To study the effects of formaldehyde on lung function and lung structures, 23 young pigs were automatically ventilated with defined formaldehyde concentrations during 6 hours. The concentrations used were 0.02 ppm, 0.2 ppm and 2.0 ppm (double of the maximum permissible concentration). We found no differences in lung function, as shown by compliance measurements and arterial blood gas analysis. No radiological differences were in the thorax. Histologically, there were only slight alterations in lung structure in the group ventilated with double the maximum permissible concentration of formaldehyde. We conclude that the disinfection of respirators using formaldehyde in the Aseptor will remain the method of choice.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The role of artificial ventilation, oxygen, and CPAP in the pathogenesis of lung damage in neonates: assessment by serial measurements of lung function.

Lung volume, airway resistance, and compliance have been measured in 19 infants, 18 of whom suffered from the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) at birth, while the remaining infant was ventilated for persistent apnea and a pneumothorax. Prior to discharge from the neonatal unit, and after recovery from RDS, most infants were found to have essentially normal lung function. When retested between 4 and 11 months of age, every infant who had received artificial ventilation during the acute illness was found to have developed a raised airway resistance, whereas the remaining infants, who had been treated with continuous positive airway pressure and/or oxygen were all entirely normal. The implications of these results for the management of RDS are discussed.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1975

A clinical and lung function study of chronic lung disease and asthma in coastal Papua New Guinea.

A prevalence survey on the island of Karkar had previously shown that chronic lung disease was common in both sexes after the age of 35 years and that, in part, this was related to the smoking of home-grown air-cured tobacco. To investigate the nature of this chronic lung disease, 37 nontuberculous subjects with reduced ventilatory capacity (forced expiratory volume in one second less than 75% predicted) underwent clinical and lung function investigations. Ninety-two per cent had adventitiae, 62% had chronic productive cough and 54% had dyspnoea on exertion. Lung function tests showed an irreversible obstructive defect with a variable, but on average, only moderately reduced transfer factor. The chest radiography showed evidence of hyperinflation in 38% of cases but non had narrowing or loss of pulmonary vessels suggestive of emphysema. "Inflammatory changes" occurred in 35% and were associated with a mild but significant element of restriction. The results suggest that chronic bronchitis and chronic bronchiolitis were the main underlying abnormalities and that emphysema was comparatively unimportant. Asthma appeared to be relatively uncommon, especially in children. The clinical and lung function findings in 16 asthmatics were essentially similar to those observed in asthmatics elsewhere and the atopic status of asthmatics and controls was similar to that observed in developed societies. In common with Highland asthmatics however, the age at onset was in early adult life rather than in childhood.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A new method for investigating regional lung function in children with localized lung disease.

Lung function studies using 13Nitrogen have been used to determine regional and total lung function in 16 children suspected of having localized lung disease amenable to surgery. This method is simple, requires no active co-operation on the part of the child and gives a radiation dosage of about one-third of that for a bronchogram. The studies provided information about the severity and localization of the disease, and in addition, information about the remaining lung areas.

Asthma↗
PubMed1978

[Radioisotopic diagnosis of regional lung functions in occupational lung diseases].

The results are reported from the radioisotope investigations of the regional blood supply, ventilation and difussion of 133 Xenon from four zones of both lungs in 78 patients with all stages of silicosis and 43 patients with chronic bronchitis--emphysema. Unsystemic and scattered focal disturbances of the separate respiration processes are established. They should be given consideration separately and together with the classical non-isotope investigations, with a view to the making of a precise functional diagnosis and occupational expertise, because they reflect the changes due to the basic disease as well as the other accompanying lung diseases as pneumosclerosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tumors, etc. The complete safety, lack of unpleasant procedures for the patient and sufficient accuracy urge their wider application in practice, including as screening tests.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1978

Lung function in acromegaly.

Lung function has been assessed by spirometry, body plethysmography, flow volume loops and single breath transfer factor in thirty patients with acromegaly. Having excluded eight patients with kyphosis and/or clinical or radiological evidence of pulmonary venous hypertension we have found a significant correlation between duration of acromegaly and lung size as assessed by total lung capacity. Excluding the same eight patients we have found evidence of small airways narrowing in eight patients, seven of these eight had had acromegaly for nine years or longer, and the duration of acromegaly was significantly longer in the patients with small airways narrowing than in those without. In the absence of other recognized causes it is possible that small airways narrowing in acromegaly is caused either by the increased whole blood volume with pulmonary vascular engorgement, or by increase in size of the soft tissues of the small conducting airways. Six of the eight patients with kyphosis and/or pulmonary venous hypertension also had evidence of small airways narrowing. Thus fourteen of the thirty patients with acromegaly had small airways narrowing. Five men had evidence of extra thoracic airway narrowing and in four the duration of acromegaly was ten years or longer. We conclude that the increase in total lung capacity, the incidence of small airways narrowing and the incidence of upper airway narrowing are all related to the duration of acromegaly. It seems that once duration exceeds eight years patients are very likely to develop abnormalities of lung function either primarily from the effects of acromegaly on the airways and lung or secondarily from the associated cardiovascular and thoracic skeletal abnormalities. It seems probable that the small airways and upper airway narrowing contribute to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. This study provides further evidence that acromegaly should be treated early.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1979

Lung function in sisal ropemakers.

Lung function was measured by spirometry in 66 workers in a sisal ropemaking factory, and in their matched controls. The major atmospheric contaminant was the lubricant (or a component part thereof) used to soften the fibre. The concentration of airborne matter was generally less than 1 mug m--3. There was no difference in lung function between the two groups before the start of the working shift, that is, the mixture of softening lubricant and sisal caused no long-term effects. Although there was no change in lung function over the working shift in the group making sisal rope, the control group did show a significant increase in lung function over the same period. This suggests that an effect attributable to the lubricant and sisal dust did exist. In previous studies little mention has been made of the softeners used in the processing of sisal fibre. These additives may exert a significant effect on ventilatory capacity and may act in conjunction with sisal dust.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Lung functions after single-lung homotransplantation in dogs (author's transl)].

Unilateral homotransplantation of the lung was performed in ten healthy mongrel dogs. Assessment of pulmonary function was obtained immediately after transplantation ten days and four weeks postoperatively. A conventional endotracheal tube was used for measurement of total lung function. A special tube was deviced for bronchospirometric measurements in dogs. A moderate increase of tidal volume and marked increase of respiratory rate and minute ventilation could be noted immediately after transplantation. Oxygen consumption was not changed significantly. There was a marked decrease in arterial pO2-level following transplantation, which was improved during the follow-up studies and found within normal limits at the tenth postoperative day. Bronchospirometry immediately following transplantation revealed equal ventilation values of both lungs, but oxygen consumption of the transplant was reduced 50% compared to the recipient's own lung. On the tenth postoperative day ventilatory function of the transplant was found close to that of the recipients own lung. Oxygen consumption in respiratory equivalent at this time averaged two thirds of the animal's own lung. Four weeks following transplantation no further significant change of respiratory function could be noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of chest strapping on regional lung function.

We studied lung mechanics and regional lung function in five young men during restrictive chest strapping. The effects on lung mechanics were similar to those noted by others in that lung elastic recoil increased as did maximum expiratory flow at low lung volumes. Chest strapping reduced the maximum expiratory flow observed at a given elastic recoil pressure. Breathing helium increased maximum expiratory flow less when subjects were strapped than when they were not. These findings indicated that strapping decreased the caliber of airways upstream from the equal pressure point. Regional lung volumes from apex to base were measured with xenon 133 while subjects were seated. The distribution of regional volumes was measured at RV, and at volumes equal to strapped FRC and strapped TLC; no change due to chest strapping was observed. Similarly, the regional distribution of 133Xe boluses inhaled at RV and strapped TLC was unaffected by chest strapping. Closing capacity decreased with chest strapping. We concluded that airway closure decreased during chest strapping and that airway closure was not the cause of the observed increase in elastic recoil of the lung. The combination of decreased slope of the static pressure-volume curve and unchanged regional volumes suggested that strapping increased the apex-to-base pleural pressure gradient.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A comprehensive on-line computerised lung function screening test.

An on-line computerised lung function screening test is described which prints out 22 lung function parameters and a functional diagnosis. The complete test with print-out data takes less than 8 min per patient which implies that more than 60 out-patients can be 'screened' per day. Furthermore, for patients about to undergo major surgery a lung function operative risk grading is also available. The developed computer system is comparatively inexpensive, simple to operate and can be immediately on-lined to most apparatus without special interfacing. The total screening system can be operated by a single technologist and the required respiratory manoeuvres can be performed by almost all patients irrespective of the degree of lung function impairment. Although comprehensive in itself the screening test has been invaluable in deciding upon which patients require more intensive and time-consuming lung function investigations.

Computers↗
PubMed1977

Lung function, respiratory disease, and smoking in families.

Respiratory symptoms, disease and lung function were studied in 376 families with 816 children who participated in a survey in three USA towns. Parental smoking had no effect on children's symptoms and lung function. Also, there was no evidence that passive smoking affected either lung function or symptoms of adults. There was no association between prevalence of self-reported cough and/or phlegm in parents and their children. There was a highly significant association between the prevalence of wheeze in parents and their younger children, for whom parents reported this symptom. Wheeze in children was also significantly associated with a parental history of asthma, and lung function was lower in children with a family history of asthma. Even after accounting for height, weight, age, sex and race, children's lung function correlated significantly with parents' lung function. However, the contribution of familial factors (i.e., parents' lung function, smoking, and history of asthma) to children's lung function is small compared to the effects of height, weight and age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

The impact of supernormal lung function on mortality risk in adults with and without sleep-disordered breathing.

BACKGROUND: In the general population, supernormal lung function is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. RESEARCH QUESTION: It remains unclear whether sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects this relationship. METHODS: This cohort analysis included 4,839 adults. Lung function was categorised as supernormal (FEV1&#x2009;>&#x2009;ULN), normal (LLN&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;FEV1&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;ULN), and below normal (FEV1&#x2009;<&#x2009;LLN). SDB severity was classified using apnoea-hypopnoea index categories: no SDB (<5 events/hour), mild SDB (5-<15 events/hour), moderate SDB (15-<30 events/hour), and severe SDB (&#x2265;30 events/hour). The association between lung function and all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models with subgroup analyses according to SDB severity and formal testing for interaction. Analyses were repeated using FVC-defined lung function groups as an alternative definition of supernormal lung function. RESULTS: Among the included participants, 4,068 (84.1%) had normal lung function, 369 (7.6%) had supernormal lung function, and 402 (8.3%) had below normal lung function. During 52 421.5 person-years of follow-up (median 11.72&#x2009;years; IQR, 10.46-12.56), 1,188 deaths occurred. Compared with the normal lung function group, the supernormal lung function group had a lower prevalence of baseline hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The association between lung function and all-cause mortality varied across SDB severity strata (P for interaction&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.034). A lower mortality risk associated with supernormal lung function was observed in participants without SDB (HR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.06-0.97), whereas this association was not statistically significant in the mild, moderate, or severe SDB strata. Below normal lung function was generally associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk. Sensitivity analyses using FVC-defined lung function groups yielded broadly consistent findings. CONCLUSION: Supernormal lung function was associated with lower all-cause mortality primarily among individuals without SDB. These findings underscore the importance of considering SDB severity when assessing the health implications of lung function.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Regional and total lung function in patients following pulmonary irradiation.

Regional and total lung function measurements and chest radiographs were obtained from 18 patients with cancer of the breast from 3 months to 6.7 years after the start of treatment. A control group of 20 patients was studied before radiotherapy but after mastectomy. The functional parameter most affected by radiation was blood flow. In some cases in which the radiographic changes were mild the functional measurements indicated severe vascular damage. The radiation appears to reduce the number and efficiency of functioning lung units within the irradiated region.

Adult↗