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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Morphologic aspects of experimental esophageal lye strictures. II. Effect of steroid hormones, bougienage, and induced lathyrism on acute lye burns.

Among 77 dogs surviving standardized transmural esophageal lye injury for at least 2 weeks and as long as 12 weeks, 24 were untreated, 26 received corticosteroids and bougienage (S&B), and 27 received only the lathyrogen beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN). Stricture frequency was reduced markedly and significantly in the S&B and BAPN groups when compared to the controls (p less than 0,01). Strictures resulted from inward circumferential remodeling of all mural layers, not proliferating bulky scar tissue, and persistent ulceration was apparently not an influential factor in any group. The S&B dogs invariably showed reduction of the internal or mucosal length of the injured segment as compared to the outer length; these relations were quite variable in the other two groups so that mean internal shortening was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the S&B group. Marked mural thinning in the injured zone was present in all three groups but was most frequent in the BAPN-treated animals. The major conclusion is that BAPN-induced changes in the physical properties of reparative tissue can increase the ultimate caliber of an injured hollow viscus without resort to mechanical bougienage. In addition, the data suggest that wound contraction may play a role in stricture formation in this model.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2004

Determination of estrogenic activity by LYES-assay (yeast estrogen screen-assay assisted by enzymatic digestion with lyticase).

In order to enhance the sensitivity and the speed of the yeast estrogen screen (YES)-assay, which has been established in many laboratories for the determination of estrogenic activity of compounds and environmental samples, the LYES-assay, a modified version of the YES-assay including a digestion step with the enzyme lyticase, was developed. With the LYES-assay the estrogenic activities of natural (17beta-estradiol E2 and estrone), synthetic (17alpha-ethinylestradiol EE2) and pharmaceutical estrogens (diethylstilbestrol DES) as well as xenoestrogens (4-nonylphenol NP and five parabens) were determined and compared with the results obtained by other in vitro-assays namely the conventional YES-assay, the E-Screen-assay (MCF-7 breast tumor cell proliferation) and a receptor binding-assay (RB) with human estrogen receptors hER-alpha and hER-beta. In the case of E2 the LYES-assay had a significantly lower limit of quantification (LOQ) than the conventional YES-assay and even two orders of magnitude lower than the RB-assay. Compared to the E-Screen-assay the LOQ of the LYES-assay was almost one order of magnitude higher. The time required to perform the LYES-assay was as little as seven hours compared to three to five days for the conventional YES-assay. Thus, the LYES-assay is a very good alternative to existing estrogenic in vitro-assays, since it has a good sensitivity, is cheap and much faster than the other assays.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1980

Lye corrosion carcinoma of the esophagus: a review of 63 cases.

Clinical material and the results of treatment of 63 esophageal lye corrosion carcinoma patients are presented below. The mean age of patients at lye ingestion was 6.2 years; the mean latent time between lye corrosion and esophageal carcinoma was 41 years. The later the lye was ingested the earlier carcinoma of the esophagus appeared. Eighty-four percent of carcinomas(all of which were of histologically squamous cell type) were found to be in the bronchial bifurcation area of the esophagus. Sixty-eight percent of lye corrosion carcinoma patients had been treated with resection or radiotherapy (over 4000 rads). Every tenth patient of whole material had surveved for over seven years. Both surgery and radiotherapy as practiced in our clinics had better survival rates than for previous esophageal carcinoma series.

Accidents↗
PubMed1981

Late aortic rupture after lye ingestion.

A case of liquid lye ingestion with late aortic rupture is reported. The rupture occurred 44 days after the lye ingestion. This case report shows that the lye induced tissue damage has a long duration and may lead to late aortic rupture, especially if there is an additional trauma to the esophagus due to dilatation and perforation of the esophageal wall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of experimental esophageal lye strictures by penicillamine.

We describe a new experimental model for the study of caustic stenosis of the esophagus in the rat. Sixty-five Wistar rats were given a standard esophageal lye burn. Animals were divided into two groups: (1) a control group and (2) a treatment group that received penicillamine from the day after the esophageal lye burn. Stenosis developed in only two of the 23 treated rats. Our conclusion is that penicillamine-induced lathyrism inhibits the onset of stenosis in the rat. Double-blind controlled studies of the effect of penicillamine in the prevention of corrosive strictures of the esophagus in man seem warranted.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Processing and storage of lye-treated carrots fermented by a mixed starter culture.

A mixed culture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was compared with a single culture of L. plantarum as starter for the fermentation of lye-treated carrots. Using the mixed culture, more than 95% of glucose, fructose and malic acid was consumed after 7 days of fermentation in a brine containing 2.5% w/v NaCl and 0.7% acetic acid, but only 54% of sucrose was degraded. The fermentation products quantified were lactic acid, ethanol and acetic acid and carbon recovery was 88%. Using the single culture of L. plantarum, substrate consumption was lower, and carbon recovery almost 100%. In uninoculated lye-treated carrots, heterofermentative bacteria grew, with the production of considerable amounts of mannitol. In all cases, the stability, sensorial characteristics and carotenoid content of the packed product were studied during 9 months of storage at 30 degrees C, and two different preservation systems were compared: addition of preservatives, approximately 500 and 1000 mg/kg of sorbic and benzoic acid, respectively, and pasteurization at 80 degrees C for 10 min. The pasteurized samples were microbiologically stable during the storage period, while lactic acid bacteria grew in the samples with preservatives. Storage time significantly (P < 0.05) affected the texture and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) of the carrots, but not the amounts of alpha- and beta-carotene. The type of fermentation had no significant effect on texture, colour parameters or carotenoid content. The preservation method had no significant effect on texture or carotenoid content, but did affect colour (parameter a*). The flavour of carrots fermented by the mixed culture was significantly (P < 0.05) preferred to that of those fermented with a single culture of L. plantarum.

Daucus carota↗
PubMed1988

Management of injuries from liquid lye ingestion.

The simultaneous admission of nine youths to our institution following their ingestion of concentrated sodium hydroxide (which had been mistaken for wine) provided us with a unique opportunity to manage corrosive esophageal injuries ranging in severity from second-degree oral mucosal injury alone to full-thickness hypopharyngeal, esophageal, and gastric injury. The severity of injury was graded first on the basis of symptoms and physical examination of the mouth, and then in the operating room by rigid esophagoscopy. This procedure provided a logical approach to management. Three patients with second-degree oral burns required no surgery. Six patients required laparotomy with gastrostomy and/or chimney feeding jejunostomy, one required immediate esophagogastrectomy, and three required immediate total or subtotal gastrectomy. There were no deaths. Three patients have subsequently required esophageal replacement and three others have required repeated dilatations. At 2-year followup, all nine maintain their nutritional status orally, and all except for the previously mute patient can phonate. Ingestion of liquid lye requires a much more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach than is currently recommended for ingestion of caustics in general. On the basis of our experience with these nine patients, we suggest the following for esophageal liquid lye injury: 1) early evaluation of the esophagus by esophagoscopy; 2) with esophageal burns, urgent laparotomy to assess gastric damage and gastrostomy to pass a string for subsequent retrograde dilatations; 3) adequate resection of stomach for gastric burns; 4) with deep esophageal burns, early esophagectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lye ingestion and carcinoma of the esophagus.

Fifteen cases of carcinoma of the esophagus associated with a history of lye ingestion are presented. They compromised 3% of the total patients treated for esophageal carcinoma in 1964-1986. The mean age of the ten women and five men was 57 years and the average time from corrosion injury to diagnosis of carcinoma was 58 years in the men and 47 years in the women. Most of the patients had accidentally swallowed liquid lye at 2-3 years of age. All 15 tumors were squamous cell carcinoma, and 11 were located at the level of the tracheal bifurcation. Esophageal resection was possible in ten cases. The survival rate in the total series was 40% at 1 year and 13% at 5 years. Because of the high carcinoma risk, patients with corrosion injury to the esophagus should be kept under surveillance that includes regularly repeated esophagoscopy, cytologic study of washings and biopsy at least when the time from the injury exceeds 20 years.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1969

Influence of pasteurization and lye treatment on the fermentation of spanish-style manzanilla olives.

The effect of lye concentration and pasteurization on the fermentation of Spanish-style Manzanilla green olives was investigated. Results showed that a rapid, normal fermentation always occurred when the proper lye was used, and only in the case of an inappropriate alkaline treatment could pasteurization help the growth of lactobacilli. Although pasteurization does not seem to affect color of processed olives, texture tests gave lower values for pasteurized samples than for those obtained from nonpasteurized olives.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

[Unexpected metabolic acidosis in severe lye poisoning (author's transl)].

A woman 38 years of age suffering from severe peroral lye intoxication, without shock, developed prolonged metabolic acidosis lasting for 8 days despite substitution therapy. Metabolic acidosis was caused by lactic acid. The increased lactic acid production in the marginal regions of the corroded upper digestive tract as well as the impaired lactate removal by the injured liver were most probably responsible for this lactic acidosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed2004

Esophageal replacement using a reversed gastric tube for lye stricture in a child: report of a case.

A 5-year-old girl ingested lye, a detergent used in electric dishwashers. She was transferred to our hospital after balloon dilatation, performed for stenosis resulting from corrosive esophagitis, was complicated by esophageal perforation causing mediastinitis. Although the mediastinitis resolved with conservative treatment, the stenosis did not improve. Therefore, we performed esophageal replacement using a reversed gastric tube, which successfully relieved the obstruction, although she still had slight gastroesophageal reflux 6 months postoperatively.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed2003

Effects of caustic lye injury to the esophageal smooth muscle reactivity: in vitro study.

PURPOSE: We investigated late effects of caustic lye injury on esophageal smooth muscle reactivity in the rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. Through a median laparatomy incision, abdominal esophageal segment was isolated. Orogastric and gastric (via gastrotomy) catheters were placed and tied over the isolated esophageal segment. Saline (0.9%) or 50% sodium hydroxide (1 ml) solution were instilled via orogastric catheter to the isolated segment in the control and caustic esophagus (CE group) groups, respectively. Then, the esophagus was rinsed with 0.9% saline via gastric catheter. The esophagus was removed and studied in organ chambers 28 days after the operation. RESULTS: Carbachol- and KCl-induced contractile responses of esophageal smooth muscle were significantly reduced in the CE group with decreased E(max) value compared with the control group. Relaxant responses to serotonin were significantly reduced in the CE group with decreased E(max) value compared with the control group. No significant differences were found in E(max) and pD(2) values for papaverine acting on esophageal strips from the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results provide evidence that, a surgically created caustic injury causes impaired smooth muscle reactivity that may contribute to esophageal motor dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Endoscopy in lye burns of oesophagus and stomach.

Upon ingestion of lye and its compounds severe corrosive lesions may develop not only in the oesophagus but also of the stomach. These are frequently not recognized until life-threatening complications have set in. Two case histories are reported to point to the need for early endoscopic examinations. Brown-black discoloration of the mucosa of the stomach signifies necrosis through the thickness of the wall which is an indication for immediate resection.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Lye corrosion of the esophagus. Course under long-term bougienage].

In an alcoholic state a 61-year-old woman swallowed by mistake about 125 ml of a lye-containing glass-washing liquid (pH 12). About 30 min later she repeatedly brought up blood-containing vomitus and was admitted to hospital. Extensive corrosive damage in the oesophagus and entire stomach developed within a few days. Two weeks later a circular narrowing of the oesophageal lumen, which could not be passed endoscopically, was seen. Afterwards she repeatedly underwent endoscopic bougie dilatation. At the third dilatation the oesophagus was perforated, mediastinitis occurred but responded without further problems to conservative medical treatment. Two months after the initial injury a Billroth II gastric resection was performed because of complete stenosis of the gastric exit. Bougie dilatation was continued at widening intervals for 18 months after the ingestion. Subsequently the patient has remained without symptoms, although a secondary Barrett oesophagus has developed at the oesophago-gastric junction which, because of the potential danger of malignant degeneration, will require regular follow-up.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1984

Homicidal intoxications by lye- and parachlorcresol-containing disinfectants.

In a nursing section for 54 senile, demented inpatients for the period of 3 months, a casual worker committed homicide in 11 cases and attempted homicide in 16 cases by peroral application of lye- and parachlorcresol-containing disinfectants. Autopsies had been performed in nearly all of the fatal cases without detection of the true causes of death. The fatal intoxications could be verified through reexamination of the lung slides and through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the formalin-fixed tissue specimens.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Barrett's esophagus complicating lye ingestion. Demonstration by pertechnetate scintigraphy.

Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy was performed in a patient with Barrett's esophagus and a history of previous lye ingestion. Radionuclide uptake was present in the distal two-thirds of the esophagus and persisted after the drinking of water. This technique is simple and accurate and may be of significant benefit in determining the presence and extent of Barrett's esophagus, which carries an increased incidence of adenocarcinoma development. Examination of patients with chronic gastroesophageal reflux, using this technique, is advocated.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMed1995

Reconsidering the diagnosis and treatment of patients following ingestion of liquid lye.

Concentrated lye rapidly produces liquefaction necrosis, which can completely dissolve organs of the upper gastrointestinal tract, damaging adjacent structures including, in rare instances, even the transverse colon. Patients so afflicted will survive only if the injury is promptly detected and treated by radical surgical extirpation of all necrotic tissue. Symptoms are unreliable, and definitive diagnosis requires endoscopic evaluation. For years endoscopists were warned to stop at the first site of injury to avoid perforation of the damaged esophagus, but fiberoptic instruments now allow panendoscopy to be safely performed in almost all cases. Endoscopy alone, however, cannot detect extraluminal injury. If there is visual evidence of injury to the duodenum, computed tomography should be routine to search for injury to adjacent structures. Even in the absence of duodenal injury, computed tomography may prove valuable in assessing and managing patients with extensive damage to the esophagus or stomach. In cases of mediastinal or intraabdominal visceral necrosis, steroid therapy, by depressing the patient's ability to mount an inflammatory response, might worsen the injury and lead to life-threatening sepsis. The use of corticosteroids to treat patients following ingestion of caustic substances should therefore be abandoned as both ineffective and potentially dangerous.

Burns, Chemical↗