[Diagnosis in the secreting mamma (mamma scretans) (author's transl)].
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Adult↗
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Results for “MAMMAE”
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[Fibroadenoma intracanaliculare phyllodes mammae; cystosarcoma phyllodes mammae].
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Animals↗
[ON THE CARCINOID GROWTH FORM OF THE CARCINOMA MAMMAE, ESPECIALLY THE CARCINOMA SOLIDUM (GELATINOSUM) MAMMAE].
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Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
[Incidence and location of polythelias, polymastias and mammae aberratae. A prospective one year study of 1,660 patients of a gynecologic practice].
In 1660 gynaecologic screenings for cancer during the year 1985 we found supernumerary mammae (polymastia, polythelia and mammae aberratae) in 96 patients (5.78%). Polymastia: 2 patients (0.12%). Mammae aberratae: 3 patients (0.18%). In all these 5 patients the supernumerary mamma was smaller than the eutopic one, but painful before menstruation and during breast-feeding. Polythelia: 91 patients (5.48%). In this group there were; 37 patients with clearly developed mamilla with an areola mamillae (2.23%), located mainly caudal of the eutopic breast, 11 patients like a), but without an areola mamillae (0.66%), 43 patients with a rest of a mamilla with or without an "anlage" of an areola mamillae (2.59%). Nearly all of these rudimentary organs were found on the fictive prenatal embryonal line, which begins at the plica axillaris anterior and ends in the inguinal region about 3-4 cm lateral of the median line. The distance measured most frequently between two rudimentary breast-"anlagen" was 3 cm.
Axilla↗
[Mamma augmentation with homoeoplastic fatty tissue. Long term observations (author's transl)].
The report covers three cases of mamma augmentation with homoeoplastic fatty tissue, performed elsewhere. The defence reaction takes a three-phase course: 1st Phase: Clinically asymptomatic, with autolysis and capsule formation (1 to 8 years), 2nd Phase: intermittant complaints, hardening of the mammae and enlargement of lymph nodes (after 4 to 91/4 years), 3rd Phase: Acute mastitis (after 5 to 91/4 years). The long-term developments show that mamma augmentation with homoeplastic fatty tissue is a method which is detrimental to health.
Adipose Tissue↗
[Comparative studies of simultaneous intraoperative frozen sections and imprint cytology of the mamma (author's transl)].
250 tissue biopsies of the mamma were examined simultaneously by intraoperative histology (frozen sections) and imprint cytology. In 95% of the cases there was a good agreement between the histologic and cytologic diagnoses. The reliability of the imprint cytology was tested in some complicated cases such as proliferating fibroadenomas, sclerosing adenosis and carcinomas and the significance of the imprint cytology for the diagnosis of difficult cases was pointed out in detail. The results have demonstrated, that such a cytologic examination can not be a substitute for intraoperative frozen sections - but the simultaneous cytologic examination of unfixed mamma biopsies can be a good searching method and can be helpful in the intraoperative diagnostic.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Treatment of hyperkeratosis areolae mammae naeviformis with the carbon dioxide laser.
Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola is a rare mamma condition. Typical lesions are characterized by persistent verrucous thickening and dark pigmentation of the nipple or areola (or both) and may occur unilaterally or bilaterally in both sexes. We report what we believe to be the first therapeutic trial with carbon dioxide laser in a patient with hyperkeratosis areolae mammae naeviformis.
Adult↗
Retrospective analysis of 1500 mamma biopsies from 1951-1975. A way of self-control in pathology.
Recently, doubts have been raised regarding the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis. For reasons of quality control, three groups of 500 mamma biopsies each, covering the consecutive periods 1951-1953, 1963-1964, 1975 were re-examined microscopically. The quota of error for material re-diagnosed as false-positive or false-negative was 0.13%. 23 pre and early malignant alterations, formerly "suspected" cases and descriptive diagnoses were considered as "borderline" cases, and re-examined separately by 3 different pathologists. In only 4 cases the suspected malignancy, i.e. the diagnosis of so-called CLIS, was not confirmed. A relative increase of unsuspected mamma biopsies became apparent in the last period of investigation, possible due to the wide range of pre-surgical examination methods used today, or to increasing clinical efforts to detect pre-malignant alterations. No shift could be established in the mastopathy-group.
Biopsy↗
[Metastatic pleural effusions from MAMMA carcinoma (author's transl)].
43,7% of 1262 pleural effusions investigated between 1958 to 1975 proved to be malignant. In females the malignant effusions caused by mamma carcinoma ranged at the first place. The diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities were studied in 60 cases of these effusions. For etiological diagnosis the criteria of clinical findings, chemical parameters and cytology proved to be important. Cytostatic treatment was more effective in cases of mamma carcinoma than in other tumours of the thoracic organs.
Adult↗
Cancer of mamma virilis.
The authors describe a patient who, because of false shame, reported for treatment in the course of an advanced neoplastic process of the mamma. Combined treatment consisting of surgical castration, hormonotherapy and irradiation was applied. In about 30 per cent of patients thus treated a temporary remission or inhibition of the neoplastic process has been observed.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Short-term in vitro drug testing of mamma tumors: relation to estrogen and progesterone receptor levels, age, and proliferation rate.
The correlation between age, proliferation rate of tumors, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and in vitro chemosensitivity to Adriamycin was studied on 43 primary mamma tumors. From an univariate statistical analysis of the results, it appeared that sensitive tumors, unlike resistant tumors, have fewer estrogen receptors and show a higher proliferation rate. And in addition, they are blocked to a greater extent by Adriamycin. In both groups age and progesterone receptors were not significantly different. A multivariate statistical analysis showed that in the classification into sensitive and resistant tumors, the percentage remaining incorporation after addition of Adriamycin and the proliferation rate contributed 94 and 5%, respectively. The first variable was the best measure for in vitro chemosensitivity. The classification of the tumors with the aid of a discriminant function proved to be successful in 91% of all the cases. No significant difference was observed between the in vitro sensitivity to Adriamycin when patients were divided into two groups according to age (less than or equal to 50 and greater than 50 years; 64 and 45% sensitive, respectively). This indicates that all patients benefit from the treatment. It also appeared that 85% of the estrogen negative tumors were sensitive to Adriamycin. So a chemotherapeutic instead of a hormonal therapy has to be considered for all ages, particularly in the case of estrogen negative receptors.
Age Factors↗
[Possibilities of ultrasonic examination of the mammae (author's transl)].
1,344 women were examined in the course of 3 years by means of the ultrasonic system Multiplanar MS 3 which was coupled direct to the skin. This direct coupling to the skin of the breast and the freely mobile sound head enable immediate puncture of tumours of the breast in direct ultrasonic vision. In multiple cysts it will be possible to puncture all cysts--including the occult ones--in one session. In the first 229 examined tumours, the rate of accuracy of the diagnosis "cyst" was 98%. Successful punctures, including the non-palpable cysts, were effected down to a minimum volume of 0.1 ml. The problem of the nonpalpable cysts can be considered as solved from the sonographic angle. In our case, this entailed omission, and hence saving in cost, of every third biopsy of the mammae (approximately 200 out of 600 biopsies per annum).
Biopsy, Needle↗
Tinea mammae mimicking atopic eczema.
Tinea mammae is a dermatophyte infection of the breast. Although rarely reported in this anatomical location, it can mimic other dermatoses. In this paper we describe an 85-year-old man with an erythema at the left breast which had enlarged over the previous 3 weeks. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated. Digital 20-MHz sonography revealed a reduction in echogenicity of the corium and a widened corium. Treatment with fluconazole over 5 weeks led to clearing of the lesion at the glabrous skin. At the end of therapy no difference between the involved and uninvolved skin areas was found sonographically.
Aged↗
Dose-related response of mouse mamma to some phenothiazine drugs.
The dose-related response of the mammary growth was studied in immature ICR-JCL female mice given 0.03 micrograms of estradiol per animal subcutaneously, and 0.005-1.0mg of either of the following phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, levometh iomeprazine, promethazine, perphenazine, thioridazine and propericiazine) per 10g of body weight was given orally once a day for 9 days starting on the 5th day after ovariectomy. The right second mamma of the chest was used to compare the hypertrophic affects. All the phenothiazines used produced mammary growth in the intensity sequence of thioridazine greater than chlorpromazine greater than promethazine greater than propericiazine greater than perphenazine greater than levomethiomeprazine. An optimal dose of each of the phenothiazines required to produce the maximum hypetrophy of the mammary gland was examined. From the results obtained, the relationship between the side-chain moiety of the compounds and the mammary growth activity could not be revealed.
Animals↗
In vitro and in vivo efficacy of acid-sensitive transferrin and albumin doxorubicin conjugates in a human xenograft panel and in the MDA-MB-435 mamma carcinoma model.
Acid-sensitive transferrin and albumin conjugates with doxorubicin have recently been developed with the aim of circumventing the systemic toxicity and improving the therapeutic efficacy of this anticancer agent. The in vitro activity of two acid-sensitive transferrin and albumin doxorubicin conjugates and free doxorubicin was evaluated in twelve human tumour xenografts using a clonogenic assay. The inhibitory effects and the activity profile of the conjugates was, in general, comparable to that of doxorubicin (mean IC(70) -value for doxorubicin approximately 0.1 microM and 0.1 - 0.4 microM for the conjugates). Subsequently, the efficacy of an acid-sensitive transferrin and albumin doxorubicin conjugate, which both incorporated a phenylacetyl hydrazone bond as a predetermined breaking point, was evaluated in the xenograft mamma carcinoma model MDA-MB-435 in comparison to free doxorubicin (dose, i.v.: 2 x 4, 8 and 12 mg/kg). The conjugates showed significantly reduced toxicity (reduced lethality and body weight loss) with a concomitantly stable or slightly improved antitumour activity compared to free doxorubicin. At the dose of 12 mg/kg mortality was unacceptably high in the doxorubicin treated group ( approximately 80%); in contrast, no mortality was observed with the conjugate treated animals with body weight loss < 10 %. In a further experiment, therapy with the acid-sensitive doxorubicin albumin conjugate at 3 x 12 mg/kg in the MDA-MB-435 model resulted in a significantly improved antitumour activity over free doxorubicin at its optimal dose of 2 x 8 mg/kg. In conclusion, acid-sensitive transferrin and albumin doxorubicin conjugates can be administered at higher doses than free doxorubicin in nude mice models with a concomitant improvement in antitumour activity. Interestingly, there is no pronounced difference between identically constructed transferrin and albumin doxorubicin conjugates with regard to in vitro or in vivo efficacy.
Animals↗
[Aberrant mammae, personal experience].
The authors present information of a group of 63 patients (60 women and 3 men) treated in 1976-1998 where supernumerous aberrant or accessory mammary gland tissue was found. The diagnosis in the majority of the patients was based on histological examination. The tissue of an aberrant mammary gland is subject to the same physiological influences as the mamma proper and can be affected by the same pathological processes--benign and malignant. This is the reason why the authors recommend early extirpation.
Adolescent↗
[Histopathologic breast diagnosis in view of consultant studies of the Mamma-Regisstry Fulda].
The Mamma-Registry Fulda, founded in 1976 by the senior co-author, is a personal service for pathologists having problems with histological diagnosis of breast diseases. From nearly 7000 cases filed up to now we selected 1112 consecutive consultations from 1996 to 1999 for this study. The aims were a critical analysis of a "submission-profile" and for each case a comparison of submitters' diagnoses with that of the register to crystallize special fields of problems in histopathological diagnosis and to make a statement about quality standards which was shown in a raster of results. The submitted cases came from pathologists in university institutes (13.9%), city hospitals (49.0%), group practices (24.2%), and single practices (11.6%). The material consisted of selected paraffin-blocs in about two thirds and of slides only in less than one third. The sendings were accompanied by letters with sufficient information on history, clinical background, and gross findings in 72%, and in an additional rate of 17.1% by copies of the histological reports already given by the submitters to their clinicians. The main reasons for consultations were a primarily uncertain diagnosis (45.8%) or the request to affirm a more or less definite diagnosis (40.7%) in cases of rare lesions or differing judgements in the submitting institution. Each diagnosis of the registry was coded in a special diagnostic key. In a raster of results the diagnosis of each case was listed as identical (55.0%) when there was complete agreement between submitter's and register's result, as included (23.9%) when one of the differential diagnoses named by the submitter fitted the register's diagnosis, and as different (6.7%) when there was only agreement about the dignity of differently classified lesions. False positive (2.3%) and false negative (4.5%) diagnoses of submitters were subclassified as clinically irrelevant (2.6%) and relevant (4.2%). The most often missed diagnostic entity in the latter group was tubular carcinoma. Overall the results of the study justify awarding a high standard of quality to histopathological diagnostics.
Breast↗
[Cytology of mamma-secretion -- results at a laboratory (author's transl)].
Results of cytological examination of mammasecretion in 1252 patients are analyzed. 85.2% were negative. 30 patients (2.4%) showed a suspect or positive result. Of 22 biopsies 9 showed histologically a carcinoma, in the others there were proliferative changes. In contrast there were 3 cases of mamma carcinoma in whom cytology was negative. In all these clinical and mammographic findings gave proof. The possibility of negative histologic results combined with positive cytology is shown to be due to inexpert biopsy. Comparing results with galactography, cytology of mammasecretion which is pathologic is recommended as an additional technique.
Breast↗