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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Sarcoptic mange and production performance of swine: a review of the literature and studies of associations between mite infestation, growth rate and measures of mange severity in growing pigs.

Cost-effective control of sarcoptic mange requires knowledge of the effects of the disease on production. This paper presents a critical review of the literature on the association between sarcoptic mange and reduced production performance of swine. One of the difficulties in interpreting inconsistent findings among studies is lack of information about the severity of disease, which is likely to vary considerably. Lack of standard methods and failure to quantify disease severity preclude meaningful interpretation of experimental results in commercial production. Three experiments with growing pigs were conducted to evaluate associations between sarcoptic mite infestation and growth rate, and to assess pruritic behaviour and mite-induced lesions at slaughter as indices of mange severity. Sarcoptic mange was associated with increased pruritic behaviour and the presence of papular dermatitis at slaughter. Pruritic behaviour decreased over time despite reinfestation and may be subject to numerous behavioural influences. Growth rate tended to be slower in mange infested pigs, but a significant effect of mange infestation on average daily gain was found in only one trial, in which the severity of skin lesions at slaughter was greatest. These observations suggest that the production effects of mange infestation of growing pigs are variable. Evaluating dermatitis lesions at slaughter may be an objective means for assessing the severity of mange infestation and for relating experimental results to commercial swine production.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2001

Experimental ivermectin treatment of sarcoptic mange and establishment of a mange-free population of Spanish ibex.

Ivermectin was used to treat sarcoptic mange in Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica). Its therapeutic effectiveness was analyzed when it was administered through subcutaneous injection, to sick animals in the consolidation stage of mange (third phase) and, with double injections to chronically affected animals (fourth phase) at a dosage of 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg body weight (bw). Three wk after treatment, the animals in the third phase of mange treated with a high dose (0.4 mg/kg bw) of ivermectin were completely cured. The same result was achieved after 4 wk of treatment in those animals in phase 3 of mange when 0.2 mg/kg body weight was used. Double injection with ivermectin, even at high doses, did not guarantee the complete cure of all cases of sarcoptic mange in the chronic stage (phase 4); only three of six animals were free of Sarcoptes scabiei. The second experiment consisted on the application of a sanitation program in order to obtain a population of Spanish ibex free from S. scabiei, starting with free-ranging animals, some of them healthy and others sick. After capture the animals were classified as chronically ill, in which case they were excluded from the program, mite carriers and healthy specimens. All the animals were treated first topically with foxim (500 mg/l) and subcutaneously with ivermectin (0.4 mg/kg bw). The infected animals were housed in the treatment pen, and received two doses of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bw) at an interval of 15 days, then spent 15 days in the quarantine pen, where they received a further dose before they were included in the pool of healthy animals, and immediately were placed in the quarantine phase. The sanitation we implemented was fully effective in curing the affliction of Spanish ibex affected by S. scabiei.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Using slaughter inspections to evaluate sarcoptic mange infestation of finishing swine.

Sarcoptic mange is one of the common swine diseases worldwide. Although mange-free populations can be established with caesarean derived stock, by herd repopulation programmes or by eliminating mange with ivermectin, mange remains prevalent in many countries. Field and experimental studies indicate that hypersensitive mange is detrimental to performance of growing pigs. Typically, producers tolerate mange infestation in their herds and control measures are often haphazard. This tolerance to mange infestation is attributable to the covert nature of the losses (reduced growth rate and feed efficiency without mortality) and to the fact that clinical signs of hypersensitive mange (pruritus) are usually viewed as normal. Lack of tools to evaluate mange severity in pigs and to demonstrate its importance has hindered the efforts of veterinarians to control the disease. Traditionally, veterinarians have used slaughter inspections to assess respiratory diseases such as enzootic pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis. Much of the value of slaughter inspections is as a tool with which veterinarians can educate and motivate their clients to improve disease control measures. The potential for evaluating hypersensitive mange by inspecting slaughtered pigs for lesions of papular dermatitis was recognised some time ago, but quantitative evaluation of the reliability of this approach has been lacking. We have conducted several studies in Australia, the USA, Canada, Europe and Latin America to evaluate associations between Sarcoptes infestation and the severity of papular dermatitis at slaughter, using a simple ordinal scale for classifying carcasses. Our initial field and experimental data in Australia indicated the specificity of localised dermatitis to be in the order of 75-80%, but that the generalised dermatitis was highly specific (> 98%) for mange. Subsequent studies in the US Midwest yielded almost identical results, and indicated that the method may also have some utility for surveillance of mange-free herds. Results from other locations invariably have shown significant associations between dermatitis lesions and mange infestation. Relative to other methods such as skin scrapings and monitoring pruritus, this method is simple and relatively objective, and should be considered for routine inclusion in slaughter inspection protocols.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2000

Eradication of porcine sarcoptic mange within a health declared production model.

The success of a large-scale eradication programme against sarcoptic mange was evaluated in piglet producing herds belonging to the health class LSO 2000. These farms are monitored to be free from sarcoptic mange, swine enzootic pneumoniae, swine dysentery and progressive atrophic rhinitis. The local veterinarians were instructed to eradicate sarcoptic mange from the herds by 2 ivermectin injections 14 days apart or 3 treatments with phoxim pour-on 6 days apart before the farms were able to join the health class. The study consisted of a questionnaire administered to the farmers, farm visits and follow-ups associated with the regular control of the health class. A questionnaire was sent to all of the 379 accepted farrowing farms. Altogether 323 farmers had initiated an eradication programme at least 7 months before the questionnaire was distributed and 96% of them believed that the mange eradication programme had been successful. In most of the successful herds (90%), the local veterinarian had treated the animals by the recommended methods, and the majority of the farmers (88%) had cleaned and sprayed the pens with insecticides on the days of treatment. Three out of the 7 unsuccessful farms had employed methods other than those recommended. Twenty-five herds were randomly selected for an intensified control. The rubbing index was < or = 0.1 in all herds visited, indicating freedom from mange. Sows or gilts, 15-20 animals per farm, were skin scraped and no Sarcoptes scabiei was found. The same animals were blood sampled and serum antibodies to S. scabiei were measured by an indirect ELISA. All except 1 farm had low optical density (OD) values in most of the samples. The owner of that farm had become uncertain about the mange status of the herd and had recently retreated all animals with acaricides. The number of complaints about mange in the finishing units buying health class feeder pigs was low. The study demonstrates that it is possible to run an eradication programme against sarcoptic mange, in which a large number of farmers together with their veterinarians participate. It is possible to eradicate mange not only at the herd but also at the population level. The ELISA test employed proved to be a possible tool to monitor the efficacy of mange-eradication programmes.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

Current distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution and prevalence of sarcoptic mange in wombats, particularly the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus). DESIGN: Questionnaire survey in two parts. PROCEDURE: Questionnaires were distributed to biologists, rangers, animal carers and naturalists. Part 1 of the questionnaire aimed to determine the present distribution of sarcoptic mange in wombats (103 responses). Part 2 invited respondents to assess the prevalence of sarcoptic mange in wombats over a 3 month period (four responses). Information on wombats from 66 localities was received. Each locality represented an area of about 2500 km2. RESULTS: Mange was observed at 93% of localities surveyed and Sarcoptes scabiei was present in common wombats at 52% of localities. Sarcoptic mange was highly prevalent (22%) in two common wombat populations in Victoria. Anecdotal evidence suggested that mange epizootics are sporadic, cause significant morbidity and mortality and have a substantial effect on local abundance. The respondents did not report sarcoptic mange in either northern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus krefftii) or southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons). CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoptic mange occurs in common wombat populations throughout the range of the common wombat including Tasmania and Flinders Island. While mange epizootics are sporadic, they have the potential to threaten the long-term survival of small, remnant populations.

Alopecia↗
PubMed2004

Population effects of sarcoptic mange in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) from Sierra Espuña Regional Park, Spain.

The nonindigenous Barbary sheep population (Ammotragus lervia) of the Sierra Espuna Regional Park (Murcia, Spain) suffered an outbreak of sarcoptic mange between 1991 and 1995, which contributed to a population decrease of 86%. This study presents the results of two population surveys conducted in 1994 and 1999 based on the fixed point and itineraries method (FPI) and the excrement count (EC) method, as well as data from demographic estimates and clinical observations conducted by the Regional Administration of Murcia. Results of surveillance for mange are given between 1992 and 1995, because no animals were observed with sarcoptic mange in 1999. Prevalence of mange peaked in 1994 and then declined. During the regression phase of the epidemic, there was a higher infection rate in males (21.9%) than in females (16.6%) or young animals (5.1%). Males over 5 yr old were the worst affected age group, followed by subadults of both sexes. Few animals had generalized lesions of mange (7%), and most individuals (72%) had lesions of moderate severity. The most common locations of lesions were the neck, head, and back. The density of Barbary sheep in the Sierra Espuna Regional Park increased from introduction in 1972 until it peaked at 13 animals/km(2) in 1991, the year when the first case of sarcoptic mange was detected. After 2 yr of the mange epidemic, the average estimated density was 1.7 animals/km(2) in 1994, which increased to 5.0 animals/km(2) in 1999. The average group size also increased from 7.9 to 19.2 animals/group between 1994 and 1999. The sex ratio, expressed as the proportion of females in the total population observed, decreased from 0.61 in 1994 to 0.49 in 1999. The reproduction rate (kids per females per year) was essentially stable (0.59 in 1994 to 0.65 in 1999). Between 1994 and 1999 the population aged, with the number of young animals (<18 mo of age) decreasing from 45.3% to 36.6% from 1994 to 1999. In the same period, the proportion of males increased 21.4% to 32.6%. We believe sarcoptic mange acted as one of the regulating factors of population density after 1991 and that currently, although no sarcoptic mange lesions were observed in the 1999 survey, there is a demographic imbalance in sex ratio, age structure, and density.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Sarcoptic mange in Swedish wildlife.

Mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes appeared among red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Scandinavia (south-west Finland) for the first time in this century in 1967. The disease was most probably introduced by foxes crossing the Gulf of Finland from Estonia. The mange epizootic spread northwards through Finland and reached Sweden in late 1975, when mangy foxes appeared in the northern part of the country. In 1984, mange was observed in most parts of Sweden. The disease was observed to spread rapidly in boreal areas, whereas it spread more slowly in agricultural areas. Mortality due to mange was very high. The duration of the disease before death due to emaciation has been shown experimentally to be over 90 days. An outbreak of fox mange among Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) occurred in 1986. The local population of Arctic foxes was caught and successfully treated. The following year, treated foxes were caught again and no signs of disease were found. Sporadic cases of fox mange have also been diagnosed in lynx (Lynx lynx), pine marten (Martes martes) and domestic dogs. Single cases have been observed in other species: wolf (Canis lupus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus), domestic cat and horse. No cases of sarcoptic mange have been recorded in the badger (Meles meles). At present, although fox mange occurs as an epizootic in local populations, the number of foxes has increased again in many parts of Sweden.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Notoedric mange in western gray squirrels from Washington.

From February 1998 to July 1999, 65 western gray squirrels (Sciurus griseus griseus) were trapped at three sites in Klickitat County, Washington (USA) as part of a home range and habitat use study. No squirrels (0/9) with mange lesions were identified in the initial trapping session (February and March 1998). During all subsequent trapping sessions (August 1998 through July 1999), squirrels with lesions consistent with notoedric mange, caused by the mite Notoedres centrifera (douglasi), were captured or recaptured at all three study sites. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and examination of mites obtained from skin scrapings from two affected squirrels. Of the 56 squirrels captured from August 1998 to July 1999, 33 (59%) had characteristic mange lesions, and 14 (42%) affected squirrels died directly of mange or of secondary complications of mange. Only four breeding females of 22 radio-collared animals (males and females) in the study population were known to have survived the mange outbreak (12 died, 6 missing). Factors potentially contributing to this mange outbreak include a mast crop failure in the fall of 1998 and transmission of mites from animial to animal during trapping and processing sessions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of ivermectin against mange and gastrointestinal nematodes of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

The incidence of mange in dairy buffalo in India has increased significantly in recent years. The authors record an outbreak of mange affecting a dairy herd stocking about 30,000 buffalo and 1000 cows. The mange mites were either Sarcoptes scabiei or Psoroptes ovis, or a mixed infestation of both. The morbidity rate was 5-30% varying from group to group, with 100% in a severely affected group. Signs noticed were progressive dermatitis, alopecia, keratinization, skin thickened and wrinkled, intense itching and marked loss of condition often ending in death. Great losses of young animals from mange and gastrointestinal nematodes are very common in dairy herds in India. In view of their economic importance, the activity of ivermectin against naturally occurring mange and parasitic infections of adult buffalo and buffalo calves was determined. Ivermectin was administered by subcutaneous injection (IVOMEC 1% w/v - MSD AGVET) at a dose of 200 mcg kg-1 body weight. The efficacy was ascertained from the disappearance of mites from skin scrapings and the reduction in numbers of worm eggs in the faeces. The results of the treatment were dramatic: the mites disappeared within 2 weeks of the drug being administered in the majority of animals, with marked improvement in skin lesions. Four buffalo which had their entire body surface affected with mange needed a second dose on Day 28 for complete recovery. The effect on the nematodes was equally spectacular, with infections of Neoascaris vitulorum, Trichostrongylidae, Oesophagostomum spp. and Bunostomum being eliminated within 1 week of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of scratching behaviour of growing pigs with sarcoptic mange before and after treatment, employing two distinct approaches.

In a closed pig breeding and finishing herd suffering from sarcoptic mange, two selected groups of pigs were filmed during a period of 10 days before and after treatment. The observation always commenced each hour and lasted for 15 min. Before treatment, observations was done round the clock, after treatment from 8:00 to 22:15. Before treatment the pens were stocked with 11 (pen A) and 10 (pen B) growing pigs (Large WhitexLandrace sows; 5 months old) with an average weight of approximately 70 kg examined for sarcoptic mange by skin scrapings and ELISA. The animals had never been treated with an acaricide or endectocide before. After 10 days, the pigs were treated twice (18 days interval) with Dectomax 1% solution for pigs (Pfizer, Austria) at a dose of 0.3 mg Doramectin i.m./kg body weight. After treatment, seven pigs were observed in both pens. Most scratching actions both before (83.1%) and after (94.5%) treatment were of one to 10 s. After treatment, the 10 s-scratching episodes decreased by 67.3% (from 21.2 to 6.9 mean SRE/pig), and the scratching actions of longer than 10 s by 91.7% (from 4.3 to 0.4 mean SRE/pig), such that the latter could be observed only occasionally after treatment. A distinct increase in scratching activity both before and after treatment could be observed primarily between 10:00 and 15:00. Significant differences of scratching and rubbing activity between before and after treatment could also be seen at midday. The interpretation of the scratching index values before and after the treatment were carried out according to Cargill et al. [Cargill, C., Davies, P., Carmichael, I., Hooke, F., Moore, M., 1994. Treatment of pigs with doramectin to control sarcoptic mange. Proceedings of the 13th IPVS Congress, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 238] with the maximum and minimal limiting values specified in the literature, and compared with calculations using the method described by Hollanders et al. [Hollanders, W., Harbers, A.H.M., Huige, J.C.M., Monster, P., Rambags, P.G.M., Hendrikx, W.M.L., 1995. Control of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis with ivermectin: influence on scratching behaviour of fattening pigs and occurence of dermatitis at slaughter. Vet. Parasitol. 58, 117-127]. Depending on the methods used and the limiting values set, 6.7-34.6% of the observations before and 2.0-17.3% of the observations after treatment revealed a "strong evidence of mange" or a "suspicion of mange". All other observations indicated that the pigs were free from mange.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Seminal degeneration associated with chorioptic mange of the scrotum of rams.

The effect of scrotal mange (Chorioptes bovis) on semen quality was assessed in a flock of rams during an outbreak of chorioptic mange and in rams with experimentally induced chorioptic mange. Semen quality of 21 rams with chorioptic mange lesions involving less than 10 cm2 of the scrotum was indistinguishable from that of control rams. Conversely, all 10 rams examined with lesions covering more than a third of the scrotum had poor semen quality. Between these 2 extremes some rams with relatively severe scrotal mange had semen of good quality while others with relatively minor scrotal lesions had semen of poor quality. The seminal degeneration and regeneration associated with the development and spontaneous cure of scrotal mange were very similar to that seen following experimental elevation of testicular temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of extensive chorioptic mange of the scrotum on reproductive function of the ram.

Reproductive function was assessed in 14 stud rams which had been rejected as genitally unsound because of extensive chorioptic mange (Chorioptes bovis) of the scrotum. Severe seminal degeneration was observed in all of these rams. Mean testicular weight of the affected rams was 72.2 +/- 18.4 (S.D.) g, while that of the non-affected control rams was 190.1 +/- 38.2g. The seminiferous tubules of the atrophic testes were severely shrunken and spermatogenic arrest occurred at the spermatogonia or primary spermatocyte stage. Androgenic status and libido as assessed by seminal fructose, seminal vesicle weight, seminal fructose and reaction time were not affected by the disease. The average testicular temperature of 11 rams with extensive scrotal mange and severe testicular atrophy was 0.6 degrees C to 3.1 degrees C (average 1.7 degrees C) higher than that recorded from 11 control rams. The exudative dermatitis did not penetrate the tunica vaginalis sac and had no apparent effect on the general health of the rams. It was concluded that scrotal mange causes testicular degeneration by raising the temperature of the scrotal contents. Four rams that had severe testicular atrophy with complete spermatogenic arrest showed an acceptable level of semen production following treatment of their mange lesions. Recovery of spermatozoal production was also observed following spontaneous cure of chorioptic mange lesions in a ram whose scrotum had become severely thickened and pendulous due to long-standing chrorioptic mange.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Udder cleft dermatitis and sarcoptic mange in a dairy herd.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis in a dairy herd that was experiencing an outbreak of sarcoptic mange. DESIGN: Clinical survey. ANIMALS: 1,597 Holstein cows and late-gestation heifers. PROCEDURE: Animals were examined for udder cleft dermatitis and for skin lesions consistent with sarcoptic or chorioptic mange. Skin scrapings were collected from 56 cows and examined for ectoparasites. The herd was revisited 1 year later, and prevalences of udder cleft dermatitis and lesions consistent with mange were determined in 506 cows. RESULTS: Of the 1,597 cattle examined, 280 (18%) had udder cleft dermatitis, and 1,397 (87.5%) had lesions consistent with mange. In 43 of 56 (77%) cows, skin scrapings revealed Sarcoptes mites. Udder cleft dermatitis was significantly more common in older than in younger cows. In first-lactation cows, udder cleft dermatitis was less common during the first 4 months of lactation than in the later stages of lactation, but udder cleft dermatitis was identified in cows in all stages of lactation and in cows that were not lactating. The herd was treated with eprinomectin to control mites, and prevalence of lesions consistent with mange 1 year later was only 2.8%. However, prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis was still 12%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that cows in any stage of lactation and cows that are not lactating can have udder cleft dermatitis but that lesions are more common in older cows. Control of sarcoptic mange was accompanied by a moderate reduction in the prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis but did not eliminate the condition.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Flexible spatial organization of urban foxes, Vulpes vulpes, before and during an outbreak of sarcoptic mange.

The social and spatial organization of urban fox groups prior to and during an outbreak of sarcoptic mange was compared with predictions derived from the resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH). We investigated the availability of three key resources. Neither daytime rest sites nor breeding sites appeared to be limited in availability. The availability of food deliberately supplied by local householders was examined by questionnaire surveys. The daily and weekly amount of food supplied was greatly in excess of the minimum requirements of a pair of foxes, but was consistent between territories. The availability of this food source increased markedly as a result of more people feeding the foxes. In agreement with the RDH, group size prior to the outbreak of mange increased from 2.25 animals (N=4) to 6.57 animals (N=7). Before the outbreak of mange, two territories were divided. Increased scavenge availability on smaller territories may have promoted these changes. Excluding these spatial changes, territories were very stable between years. After the outbreak of mange, group size declined as a direct result of mange-induced mortality. Surviving animals increased their ranges only after neighbouring groups had died out. Ranges did not increase in size in response to a decline in food availability. Nor were the increases in range size associated with the relinquishment of parts of the existing territory. These postmange changes are contrary to the RDH. Three factors may have promoted these changes: the elimination of interstitial space, the forced dispersal of young or future division of the territory. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Lymphocyte transformation suppression caused by pyoderma--failure to demonstrate it in uncomplicated demodectic mange.

Three dogs with demodectic mange uncomplicated by a bacterial infection and 9 dogs with demodectic mange and pyoderma were tested for their lymphocyte response to phytomitogens in vitro and for the presence of the serum's lymphocyte immunoregulatory factors (SLIF) suppressing blastogenesis. None of the 3 dogs with uncomplicated demodectic mange showed any detectable dysfunction of their lymphocytes or presence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. Their lymphocytes generally responded to the mitogens with more blastogenesis than lymphocytes from healthy controls. On the other hand, in the group of 9 dogs with demodicosis complicated by a bacterial infection, high levels of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF for concanavalin A-sensitive cells were detected in 4 dogs, for phytohemagglutinin-sensitive cells in 2 dogs, and for pokeweed mitogen-sensitive cells in 1 (of only 3 tested) dog. Dysfunction of lymphocytes per se (detected by a decreased blastogenesis in nonsuppressive normal canine and bovine sera) was detected in 3 dogs with demodicosis with pyoderma. The success of the treatment of demodectic mange or the bacterial skin infection did not correlate with the previous presence or absence of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF. The treatment of pyoderma was less successful in dogs with an increase in blastogenesis of unstimulated cells in fresh normal canine serum over that in autologous serum. All 3 dogs with a detected dysfunction of their lymphocytes either died or were euthanatized as untreatable cases. It is concluded that the development of demodectic mange per se did not cause the appearance of the blastogenesis suppressing SLIF, which was primarily related to the appearance and extent of the secondary bacterial skin infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Treatment and prophylaxis of psoroptic mange (sheep scab) using an ivermectin intraruminal controlled-release bolus for sheep.

In an experiment to determine the therapeutic efficacy of an ivermectin intraruminal controlled-release (CR) bolus, 14 mixed breed sheep of one lot were infested with Psoroptes ovis and subsequently divided into two groups of seven. In one of these groups each sheep received one ivermectin CR bolus appropriate to its weight, the other group remained as an untreated control. All mites were eliminated from the group receiving the bolus while the control group remained infested, the disease progressed, and all but one sheep required treatment for psoroptic mange before the end of the experimental period. A second lot of 14 sheep, free from P. ovis, were divided equally into two groups to determine the prophylactic efficacy of the ivermectin CR bolus. In one group, each sheep was given an ivermectin CR bolus according to body weight and the sheep in the other group received no medication and served as untreated controls. Twenty-one days later two sheep infested with psoroptic mange were introduced into each of the groups. These donor sheep were removed 10 days later. The group treated with the ivermectin CR bolus remained mange-free and did not harbour any mites. All of the sheep in the control group developed psoroptic mange and required treatment to control the infestation at the end of the experimental period. Sheep that received the ivermectin CR bolus had greater mean weight gains than the control groups in these experiments. The ivermectin CR bolus releases a minimum dose of 20 microg ivermectin kg/day for 100 days: this prolonged activity should prove a valuable asset for the treatment and control of psoroptic mange in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Notoedric and sarcoptic mange in free-ranging lynx from Switzerland.

Between March and December 1999, five free-ranging lynx (Lynx lynx) affected by mange were found dead or shot by game wardens in the Swiss Alps. In the first two cases, Notoedres cati was isolated from the skin; in the third and fourth case, Sarcoptes scabiei was the cause of the infection; and in the fifth case, a mixed infection was diagnosed. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) affected with sarcoptic mange and domestic cats infested with N. cati are likely to be the sources of infection. It seems improbable that mange will occur as an epidemic in lynx in Switzerland, but losses due to infections with N. cati and/or S. scabiei may have an impact on this small, geographically limited lynx population. This is the first report of notoedric mange in a free-ranging lynx and the first report of mange in lynx from Switzerland.

Animals↗