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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[History of medicine and military health service in doctorate's and habilitation theses written in Military Medicine Academy in Lodz-retrospective bibliography against the background of medicine and military medicine bibliographies].

The work introduces the subject of medicine history, military health service history and medicine bibliographies with particular attention to Polish accents. It remembers the beginnings of medicine history education in Poland in the 19th century, in the II Polish Republic and after 1945. It discusses widely the achievements of Military Medicine Academy in the range of medicine history military health service together with bibliography. It points out the necessity of dealing with this subject in didactic and scientific activity of the Academy.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1991

Medical student interest in internal medicine. Initial report of the Society of General Internal Medicine Interest Group Survey on Factors Influencing Career Choice in Internal Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors that attract students toward and push students away from a career in internal medicine. DESIGN: National survey of senior U.S. medical students using a stratified random cluster sampling of medical schools. PARTICIPANTS: The survey included 1650 U.S. senior students from 16 medical schools, of whom 1244 (76%) responded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A survey instrument was developed and pilot tested at 17 medical schools. Twenty-four percent of the respondents to the final survey chose a career in general internal medicine (9%) or subspecialty internal medicine (15%). A career in internal medicine had been "seriously considered" by 608 respondents (50%) who finally chose a career other than internal medicine (the "switchers"). Compared with other specialties, internal medicine was perceived as being more stressful to residents, more demanding of time and workload as a career and a residency, and as an easier residency to enter. Internal medicine was also seen as providing less satisfaction for residents, having lower income potential, and allowing less leisure time. For the 608 switchers, the most important influences leading to their decision to switch were the type of patient seen in internal medicine (for example, chronically ill, alcohol and drug abusing patients) as well as dissatisfaction and stress among internal medicine residents. Factor analysis showed that three factors, "intellectual challenge of internal medicine," "primary care interests," and "the medicine clerkship" attracted students toward internal medicine, whereas three others, "taking care of chronically ill patients," "level of satisfaction among internists and medical residents," and "workload and stress" pushed students away from internal medicine. Factors pushing students away from internal medicine were significantly more negative with regard to a career in general as opposed to subspecialty internal medicine (P less than 0.001). CONCLUSION: Medical students have serious reservations about internal medicine as a career choice. Perceptions about the medical residency, the patients they expect to see, and the dissatisfaction among residents and internists are foremost in their thinking. Changes to improve the attractiveness of internal medicine should address these adverse perceptions while building on the positive influences identified by the respondents.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2002

[Interrelationship between folk plant medicine of Arhorchin Mongolian and Mongolian medicine as well as Chinese herbal medicine].

Based on the results of investigation of Arhorchin Mongolian folk medicinal plants and related knowledge system, the present paper discussed the interrelationship between folk plant medicine and Mongolian medicine as well as Chinese herbal medicine by the items of plant species, medicinal parts, treating disease and administering methods. The results show that there are some consistency between folk medicine and Mongolian medicine as well as Chinese herbal medicine, and there are also some other inconsistency. Consistency between folk medicine and Mongolian medicine may be illustrated the fact that the Arhorchin Mongolian folk medicinal knowledge and Mongolian medicine are belongs to same system. Consistency between folk medicine and Chinese herbal medicine are illustrated the fact that knowledge exchange and cultural infiltration between Arhorchin Mongolians and Han nationality. Inconsistency may be illustrated richness and exploration value of folk medicinal knowledge.

China↗
PubMed2005

Patient assessment of effectiveness and satisfaction with traditional medicine, globalized complementary and alternative medicines, and allopathic medicines for cancer in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: Virtually no research has been conducted on patient assessments of traditional medicines and allopathic medicines for cancer care in poorer countries marked by pluralistic medical environments. Pakistan represents an excellent case for such a study because of the coexistence of culturally and historically specific indigenous traditional medicine, the strong presence of allopathic medicine, and, to a lesser extent, the availability of some globalized complementary and alternative medicines. AIM: To gain a preliminary understanding of cancer patients' perceptions of effectiveness and satisfaction with traditional medicine, globalized complementary and alternative medicine, and allopathy in the context of a pluralistic medical environment. STUDY DESIGN: Structured survey of 362 cancer patients, from diverse regions in the Punjab province and Northwest Frontier province, who were being treated in 4 different hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. RESULTS: Use of traditional medicine remains high among cancer patients, with traditional healers used by the majority of those surveyed. Although patients' perceptions of the overall effectiveness of traditional medicines for treating cancer are low, those patients who do use traditional medicines still have high levels of satisfaction with these modalities. This is distinct from levels of satisfaction with, and perceptions of effectiveness of, Western cancer treatments, which were synonymous in this group of patients. Important differences in patient perceptions were found within groups (eg, between different forms of traditional healers) as well as between them. CONCLUSION: This study showed considerable support for complementary and alternative medicine/traditional medicine but also significant variation in usage of and perceptions of local traditional medicines. More research needs to be done to explore the social processes underlying this variation in cancer patients' preferences for particular traditional medicines.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed1995

The impact of an ambulatory rotation on medical student interest in internal medicine. The Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on Career Choice in Internal Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether students who take ambulatory rotations in internal medicine are more likely to choose internal medicine careers. DESIGN: National survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The intended sample was 1,650 senior U.S. medical students from 16 medical schools, of whom 1,244 (76%) responded. Representative schools nationwide were selected using a stratified, random-sampling method. MEASUREMENTS: The questionnaire asked about characteristics of the ambulatory rotation, perceptions of internal medicine, and factors influencing students toward or away from an internal medicine career. RESULTS: Ambulatory rotations were taken by 543 students (43%). Of these rotations, 73% were required, 74% were during the fourth year, 77% were in general internal medicine, 73% provided continuity of care, and 19% were during the medicine clerkship. Overall, 24% of the students chose careers in general (9%) or subspecialty internal medicine (15%). Thirty percent of the students who did ambulatory rotations planned internal medicine careers, compared with 19% of the students who had no rotation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 2.4, p = 0.0001]. This association was of similar magnitudes for students completing required rotations (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.2, p = 0.002) and for students completing rotations before or in proximity to when they chose careers (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4, p = 0.01). Ninety percent of the 543 students who had ambulatory rotations were satisfied with the experience. Thirty-eight percent of the highly satisfied students chose internal medicine careers, compared with 21% of the students who had low or moderate satisfaction (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: An ambulatory rotation is strongly associated with positive perceptions of, attraction to, and choice of a career in internal medicine. Research is needed to determine specific components of an effective rotation. Further development of ambulatory rotations could help attract more students to internal medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Inclusion of evidence-based medicine in colleges of osteopathic medicine and suggestions for implementing evidence-based medicine into osteopathic medical school curricula.

The authors investigated the extent to which colleges of osteopathic medicine include evidence-based medicine education in their curricula. Information was obtained through a questionnaire survey, including a Likert scale. The survey was sent to 19 colleges of osteopathic medicine for completion. Twelve responses were received within the time limits of this cross-sectional study, yielding a 63% response rate. Four colleges of osteopathic medicine report that they currently teach evidence-based medicine within their education programs. Variations among the programs included the type of faculty delivering the evidence-based medicine course, the years in which instruction occurs, the number of hours of instruction, and assessment methods used. Seven additional schools have plans to implement evidence-based medicine into their educational programs. Suggestions for the design of an evidence-based medicine course and an evidence-based medicine-based curriculum are discussed in relation to the survey results.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

[Discussion on definition of "traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine integration" and "integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine"].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the definition of "traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine integration" and "integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine". METHODS: Logic methods. RESULTS: It was found that there were a lot of problems on the definition of "traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine integration" and "integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine". CONCLUSION: The understanding of the concepts of "traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine integration" and "integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine" was improved after the extensive discussion.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Which primary care specialty? Factors that relate to a choice of family medicine, internal medicine, combined internal medicine-pediatrics, or pediatrics.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine factors used by medical students to select a primary care specialty that may differentiate students who choose the primary care specialties of family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, and combined internal medicine-pediatrics. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all family physicians and an equal number of other primary care physicians graduating from one of 24 medical schools in 1997-1999. Twelve schools had increasing proportions of graduates choosing family medicine in this study period, and 12 had decreasing proportions. The questionnaire asked about factors related to choice of specialty, which could be grouped into the specialty domains of type of patients, process, content, and setting. RESULTS: For family physicians, the most important factor was patient relationships, and the second most important was wanting an approach to the practice of medicine similar to that of family physicians. Internists indicated as most important wanting to work with adults and as the next most important an "internal medicine approach" to the practice of medicine. Most important for pediatricians was working with children and next most important was having patient relationships like other pediatricians. Those in combined internal medicine-pediatrics most often indicated a desire to work with children and next most important was an approach to medicine like others in their specialty. CONCLUSIONS: The most important reasons for choice of specialty were similar for all primary care specialties and related to congruence between the graduate and the physicians in the specialty or the process of providing care within that specialty. The factors that differentiated the four specialties related to the content of the specialty.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Investigation of radiation safety management of nuclear medicine facilities in Japan; contamination of radioactivity in the draining-water system. A Working Group of Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine for the Guidelines of Nuclear Medicine Therapy].

Radiation safety management condition in Japanese nuclear medicine facilities were investigated by the questionnaire method. The first questionnaire was asked in all Japanese 1,401 Nuclear Medicine facilities. Answers from 624 institutes (44.5%) were received and analyzed. The radiation-safety management in nuclear medicine institutes was considered to be very well performed everyday. Opinion for the present legal control of nuclear medicine institutes was that the regulation in Japan was too strict for the clinical use of radionuclides. The current regulation is based on the assumption that 1% of all radioactivity used in nuclear medicine institutes contaminates into the draining-water system. The second questionnaire detailing the contamination of radioactivity in the draining-water system was sent to 128 institutes, and 64 answers were received. Of them, 42 institutes were considered to be enough to evaluate the contamination of radioactivity in the draining-water system. There was no difference between 624 institutes answered to the first questionnaire and 42 institutes, where the radioactivity in the draining-water system was measured, in the distribution of the institute size, draining-water system equipment and the radioactivity measuring method, and these 42 institutes seemed to be representative of Japanese nuclear medicine institutes. Contamination rate of radioactivity into the draining system was calculated by the value of radioactivity in the collecting tank divided by the amount of radionuclides used daily in each institute. The institutes were divided into two categories on the basis of nuclear medicine practice pattern; type A: in-vivo use only and type B: both in-vivo and in-vitro use. The contamination rate in 27 type A institutes did not exceed 0.01%, whereas in 15 type B institutes the contamination rate distributed widely from undetectable to above 1%. These results indicated that the present regulation for the draining-water system, which assumed that 1% of all radioactivity used in nuclear medicine institutes contaminated into draining-water system, should be reconsidered in nuclear medicine facilities where radionuclides are used only in in-vivo studies.

Health Facilities↗
PubMed1993

The attractiveness of internal medicine: a qualitative analysis of the experiences of female and male medical students. Society of General Internal Medicine Task Force on Career Choice in Internal Medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To understand better the decline in medical student interest in internal medicine. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis of 500 essays from respondents who participated in a national survey of graduating medical students from the class of 1990 in 16 medical schools. Medical students were asked the open-ended question, "What suggestions do you have for improving the attractiveness of internal medicine?" A model of career choice was developed for the analysis that included the following factors: ambulatory care exposure and primary care (including relationships with patients); attending physician-student interactions and learning climate; stress and workload; income and prestige; and intellectual stimulation. PARTICIPANTS: The original survey included 1650 fourth-year medical students; 500 essay respondents were stratified by sex and then randomly chosen for the analysis. RESULTS: Students most frequently suggested that ambulatory care experiences be increased and that better relationships with patients be established during medical training (65% of women and 50% of men, P < 0.01). The second most frequent suggestion was to improve internal medicine attending physicians' interactions with students (51% and 48% of women and men, respectively). Students who had seriously considered a career in medicine but switched to other primary care careers (general pediatrics, family medicine) had few concerns about income and prestige, whereas those who chose internal medicine had reservations about expected workload and income. Women were more likely than men to reject internal medicine for other primary care fields (26% of women compared with 16% of men, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Students, particularly female students, expressed a strong interest in establishing better relationships with patients. Lack of respect by medical attendings and negative teaching methods were important sources of dissatisfaction among both men and women. Attention to these relationship issues, in addition to housestaff stress and expected future income, may improve the attractiveness of internal medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The future of general internal medicine. Report and recommendations from the Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM) Task Force on the Domain of General Internal Medicine.

The Society of General Internal Medicine asked a task force to redefine the domain of general internal medicine. The task force believes that the chaos and dysfunction that characterize today's medical care, and the challenges facing general internal medicine, should spur innovation. These are our recommendations: while remaining true to its core values and competencies, general internal medicine should stay both broad and deep-ranging from uncomplicated primary care to continuous care of patients with multiple, complex, chronic diseases. Postgraduate and continuing education should develop mastery. Wherever they practice, general internists should be able to lead teams and be responsible for the care their teams give, embrace changes in information systems, and aim to provide most of the care their patients require. Current financing of physician services, especially fee-for-service, must be changed to recognize the value of services performed outside the traditional face-to-face visit and give practitioners incentives to improve quality and efficiency, and provide comprehensive, ongoing care. General internal medicine residency training should be reformed to provide both broad and deep medical knowledge, as well as mastery of informatics, management, and team leadership. General internal medicine residents should have options to tailor their final 1 to 2 years to fit their practice goals, often earning a certificate of added qualification (CAQ) in special generalist fields. Research will expand to include practice and operations management, developing more effective shared decision making and transparent medical records, and promoting the close personal connection that both doctors and patients want. We believe these changes constitute a paradigm shift that can benefit patients and the public and reenergize general internal medicine.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2002

European Society of Intensive Care Medicine statement: intensive care medicine in Europe--structure, organisation and training guidelines of the Multidisciplinary Joint Committee of Intensive Care Medicine (MJCICM) of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS).

This article describes the structures and institutions in the European Union by which professional training and qualification in medical specialities will be harmonised. All main medical specialities are represented in the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) by speciality sections. For intensive care medicine, as a multidisciplinary speciality, a new structure of a Multidisciplinary Joint Committee of Intensive Care Medicine (MJCICM) within the UEMS was established in 1999. In this MJCICM the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care are represented by delegates without voting capacity in a Standing Advisory Board. Statements and recommendations which the MJCICM has worked out until now are presented: Definitions of intensive care medicine, structural conditions for education and training, continuing medical education, criteria for accreditation of intensive care medicine training centres, common core curriculum for optional specialist training in intensive care medicine, as well as an intensive care units accreditation visiting programme and standards for medical treatment and nursing care.

Accreditation↗