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12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1970

Synthesis of cell constituents by methane-grown Methylococcus capsulatus and Methanomonas methanooxidans.

1. A study was made of the incorporation of carbon from [(14)C]methanol by cultures of Methylococcus capsulatus and Methanomonas methanooxidans growing on methane. 2. The distribution of radioactivity within the non-volatile constituents of the ethanol-soluble fractions of the cells, after incubation with labelled substrate for periods of up to 3min, was analysed by chromatography and radioautography. 3. Over 80% of the radioactivity fixed by Methylococcus capsulatus at 30 degrees C at the earliest times of sampling appeared in phosphorylated compounds, of which glucose phosphate constituted 60%. 4. Most of the radioactivity fixed by Methanomonas methanooxidans at 30 degrees C at the earliest times of sampling appeared in serine, malate, aspartate and an unknown compound(s) tentatively suggested to be folate derivative(s). At 16 degrees C, [(14)C]methanol was fixed predominantly into serine and the unknown compound(s). 5. Extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus contain an enzyme system that catalyses the condensation of formaldehyde and ribose 5-phosphate to give a mixture consisting mainly of fructose phosphate and allulose phosphate. No similar activity was detected in extracts of Methanomonas methanooxidans. A convenient method was developed for assay of this enzyme system. 6. The enzyme system catalysing the condensation of formaldehyde with ribose 5-phosphate is particle-bound in both Methylococcus capsulatus and Pseudomonas methanica and is unstable in the absence of Mg(2+). 7. Extracts of Methanomonas methanooxidans contain high activities of d-glycerate-NAD oxidoreductase, whereas extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus and Pseudomonas methanica contain negligible activities of this enzyme. 8. These results indicate that during growth of Methylococcus capsulatus on methane, as with Pseudomonas methanica, cell constituents are made by the ribose phosphate cycle of formaldehyde fixation. This contrasts with Methanomonas methanooxidans, whose assimilation pathway resembles in some features that of Pseudomonas AM1 growing on methanol.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1964

MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF METHANOMONAS METHANOOXIDANS.

Stocks, Peter K. (Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge), and C. S. McCleskey. Morphology and physiology of Methanomonas methanooxidans. J. Bacteriol. 88:1071-1077. 1964.-Pure cultures of methane-oxidizing bacteria isolated from soil, from the rumen of a fistulated cow, and from coalmine water were found to be identical in morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics with Methanomonas methanooxidans of Brown and Strawinski. Two of the isolates were serologically related to the organism of Brown and Strawinski. All the strains required methane for good growth, but a delayed moderate growth occurred on methanol. No other substances were utilized as carbon and energy source. Nitrogen requirements were satisfied by nitrates, ammonium salts, peptone, or certain amino acids. The taxonomic position of the species is discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Ultrastructure of intracytoplasmic membranes of Methanomonas margaritae cells grown under different conditions.

The development of intracytoplasmic membranes of Methanomonas margaritae cells grown under different culture conditions was studied. Growth on methane was strongly accelerated by the addition of copper ions. Acceleration by copper, however, was not observed in the case of growth on methanol. Cells grown on methane with copper possessed intracytoplasmic membranes along the cell periphery. When the the organism was grown in a medium lacking copper, intracytoplasmic membranes appeared as large vesicles surrounded by a unit membrane at the periphery of the cell. The vesicles originated from paired membranes due to the absence of copper in the medium. Cells grown on methanol with or without copper possessed a number of vesicles of different sizes arranged in a chain along the cell periphery. The possible relationship between membrane arrangement and methane oxidation is discussed.

Copper↗
PubMed1970

Oxygenation of methane by methane-grown Pseudomonas methanica and Methanomonas methanooxidans.

1. Experimental conditions have been found in which small amounts of methanol (approximately 2.5mm) accumulated when washed cell suspensions of methane-grown Pseudomonas methanica and Methanomonas methanooxidans were incubated with methane+oxygen mixtures in Warburg flasks. 2. The methanol formed could be separated completely from water by fractional distillation through glass helices followed by gas chromatography using 20% polyethylene glycol 400 on a Celite 545 support. 3. By using (18)O-enriched oxygen gas the abundance of (18)O in the methanol formed from oxidation of methane was measured with a Perkin-Elmer 270 combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The results showed that the oxygen in methanol was derived exclusively from gaseous oxygen in both micro-organisms. 4. Control experiments using [(18)O]water in incubation mixtures confirmed that there was negligible incorporation of the oxygen atom from water into methanol.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

Utilization of acetate by Methanomonas emthanooxidans.

Methanomonas methanooxidans incorporates both carbon atoms of acetate into the glutamate and aspartate families of amino acids during growth on methane; carbon dioxide is also evolved from both carbon atoms of acetate. The distribution of carboxyl-labeled acetate incorporated into convalently bound glutamate is consistent with the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in this species, and the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was demonstrated in cell-free extracts.

Acetates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nomenclature of obligate methylotrophs].

The nomenclature of obligate methylotrophs, i. e. bacteria using only reduced monocarbon compounds (methane, methanol, methylamines) as a carbon source, is dicussed. The chronology of naming taxons of methane oxidizing bacteria is presented and the rightfulness of their names is analyzed according to the rules of the International Codex of Bacterial Nomenclature. Such names as Methylomonas and others which are employed while describing various physiological groups of bacteria are used in the nomenclature of obligate methylotrophs, and this may be the source of errors. Therefore, only the genus of methane oxidizing bacteria should be referred to as Methylomonas whereas obligate methanol and methylamine assimilating bacteria should be classed as individual genera. The described species of methane oxidizing bacteria can be included into the genera Methylomonas, Methylococcus, Methylosinus, and Methylocystis. One should avoid such names as Methanomonas margaritae, Methanomonas immobilis, Pseudomonas methanica etc. since they do not possess the nomenclature status. All bacteria that depend obligatorily on the presence of reduced C1-compounds should be included into the family Methylomonadaceae. The taxonomy and nomenclature of facultative methylotrophs must be based on principles accepted for other organotrophic microorganisms as it has been suggested at the II International Symposium on the Growth of Microorganisms on C1-compounds (Pushchino, USSR, 1977).

Methylococcaceae↗
PubMed1964

ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN FIXATION BY METHANE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA.

Davis, J. B. (Socony Mobil Oil Co., Inc., Dallas, Tex.), V. F. Coty, and J. P. Stanley. Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by methane-oxidizing bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 88:468-472. 1964.-Methane-oxidizing bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen were isolated from garden soil, pond mud, oil field soil, and soil exposed to natural gas, indicating a rather wide prevalence in nature. This may explain the high concentration of organic nitrogen commonly found in soils exposed to gas leakage from pipelines or natural-gas seeps. Added molybdenum was a requirement for growth in a nitrogen-free mineral salts medium. All nitrogen-fixing, methane-oxidizing bacteria isolated were gram-negative, nonsporeforming, usually motile rods. Colonies were light yellow, yellow, or white. The most common isolate, which formed light-yellow colonies, is referred to as Pseudomonas methanitrificans sp. n., and is distinguished from Pseudomonas (Methanomonas) methanica by nitrogen-fixing ability and a preponderance of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in the cellular lipid fraction.

Bacteria↗