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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1970

Serotonin-containing neurons in brain: depression of firing by monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors were administered to rats while the activities of single, serotonin-containing neurons of the midbrain raphe nuclei were being monitored with microelectrodes. All the inhibitors tested (pargyline, tranylcypromine, phenelzine, iproniazid) caused depression of raphe unit firing rate. The ability of monoamine oxidase inhibitors to depress raphe units was impaired by prior treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Recent advances in Parkinson's disease therapy: use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors inhibit dopamine metabolism and are therefore effective in treating Parkinson's disease, a condition associated with progressive striatal dopamine deficiency secondary to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Selegiline is currently the most widely used monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor for Parkinson's disease, but has a low and variable bioavailability, and is metabolized to L-methamphetamine and L-amphetamine that carry a risk for potential neurotoxicity. There are two new approaches that circumvent these potential disadvantages. First, selegiline orally disintegrating tablets provide a novel delivery form of selegiline, avoiding first pass metabolism by rapid absorption through the oral mucosa, thus leading to significantly lower plasma concentrations of L-metamphetamine and L-amphetamine. Selegiline orally disintegrating tablets prove to be clinically effective and safe in patients with moderately advanced Parkinson's disease. Second, rasagiline is a new monoamine oxidase inhibitor, without known neurotoxic metabolites. In large clinical trials, rasagiline proves effective as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease, as well as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in advanced disease. Clinical data suggest, in addition, a disease-modifying effect of rasagiline that may correlate with neuroprotective activity of monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors in animal models of Parkinson's disease.

Antiparkinson Agents↗
PubMed1986

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors offer effective treatment opportunities to an expanded range of depressed and anxious patients, particularly those with atypical depression. The use of these drugs requires heightened physician awareness and patient education, but the risks are less pronounced than was previously thought. Hypotension is the main side effect. Hypertensive reactions can be avoided by strictly proscribing congestion of MAO inhibitors with indirect-action sympathomimetic substances that occur in certain drugs, foods and beverages.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1992

Abuse of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, like other antidepressants, generally are considered free of risk for abuse. There is, however, some evidence that MAOIs possess dependence and abuse potential for some patients. We will review the available literature and describe three current cases. Recommendations for treatment are discussed briefly.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The therapeutic potential of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors were among the first antidepressants to be discovered and have long been used as such. It now seems that many of these agents might have therapeutic value in several common neurodegenerative conditions, independently of their inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity. However, many claims and some counter-claims have been made about the physiological importance of these enzymes and the potential of their inhibitors. We evaluate these arguments in the light of what we know, and still have to learn, of the structure, function and genetics of the monoamine oxidases and the disparate actions of their inhibitors.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The safety of switching rapidly from tricyclic antidepressants to monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are increasingly used for patients who do not respond to an initial trial of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Although there are insufficient data documenting the optimal manner for switching a patient from a TCA to an MAOI, standard references advise a drug-free interval of at least 1 week. In clinical practice, however, such a delay may be difficult to observe. In order to explore the safety of a more rapid switch from TCA to MAOI therapy, we survey members of our department (Columbia University) as to their experience with different methods of switching patients from TCAs to MAOIs. Thirty-three respondents reported having switched an estimated 432 patients over the course of 3 years, with 178 patients switched within 4 days of discontinuing TCA therapy, including 63 who had the MAOI added while still being tapered from the TCA. More experienced psychiatrists tended to be less conservative, some using time intervals of 4 days or less. No adverse reactions were reported, including hypertensive and hyperpyrexic crises. This retrospective survey and an accompanying review of the literature suggest that the recommended drug-free interval of a week or more when switching patients from TCAs to MAOIs may be overly conservative.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1989

A controlled study of the antidepressant efficacy and side effects of (-)-deprenyl. A selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are effective antidepressants whose use is limited because of unwanted side effects and the possibility of a tyramine-induced hypertensive crisis (cheese reaction). (-)-Deprenyl (the official nonproprietary name for this substance is selegiline), a selective MAO type B inhibitor, may be safer and have fewer side effects, but its antidepressant efficacy is uncertain. A double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out in depressed outpatients who were treated with (-)-deprenyl in an MAO type B selective dose range and at a higher nonselective dose range. (-)-Deprenyl did not have a statistically significant antidepressant effect after three weeks of treatment at doses of 10 mg/d. However, after six weeks and at higher doses (averaging about 30 mg/d for the second three weeks), (-)-deprenyl was superior to placebo in antidepressant effect with a positive response rate of 50% vs 13.6% and with a 41% reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale mean score vs 10% in the placebo-treated group. No hypertensive crises were seen. The rate of occurrence of side effects with (-)-deprenyl was no greater than with placebo. It was concluded that (-)-deprenyl is an effective antidepressant in a dose range where it is distinguished by the absence of many of the side effects typical of nonselective MAO inhibitors.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Orphan comparisons and indirect meta-analysis: a case study on antidepressant efficacy in dysthymia comparing tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors by using general linear models.

Direct comparisons of the efficacy of competing interventions are not always available in the literature. This situation leads to the presence of clinically relevant "orphan comparisons" of therapeutic interventions which have never been compared head-to-head. To overcome this limitation, simple methods for indirect meta-analysis have been suggested. Nevertheless, their results are prone to bias when more than 1 indirect comparison is tested because of the likely duplication of data for some comparisons. In contrast, general linear models can be used to extend simple indirect meta-analysis beyond 1 indirect comparison by fitting to incomplete data using maximum likelihood within the framework of multitreatment comparisons. This study presents a tutorial application of general linear models to the comparative efficacy of several antidepressants in dysthymia (tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Working with previously published data comparing the efficacy of antidepressants with placebo, it is shown that tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors present similar efficacy (odds ratio = 1.19, P = 0.37; relative risk = 1.10, P = 0.24; risk difference = 0.03, P = 0.53), whereas monoamine oxidase inhibitors outperform both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, at least for some effect scales (odds ratio = 1.57, P = 0.05; relative risk = 1.25, P = 0.05; risk difference = 0.09, P = 0.08). This finding, which is an instance of a relevant orphan comparison and could not be obtained otherwise, could motivate the conduct of clinical trials or focused systematic reviews to support or refute its importance through appropriate head-to-head comparisons.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1975

A neglected modality in psychiatric treatment--the monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

The monoamine oxidase inhibitors are at present being used relatively infrequently in my opinion because of reports of severe and dangerous side effects such as toxic hepatocellular damage and hypertensive crises and also on account of several studies which have not given a very encouraging picture regarding the efficacy of this group of drugs. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that this group of antidepressant drugs is very useful when the proper indications for their employment are observed and are relatively safe provided that appropriate precautions such as the avoidance of cheese and other foods high in tyramine content are taken by the patients being treated with these compounds. The history, pharmacology, side effects, and indications for their use are reviewed, and it is indicated that the MAO inhibitors are the therapeutic agents of choice in atypical depressions associated with anxiety, phobic and hysterical symptoms, and depressive illnesses (including endogenous depressions) which have failed to respond satisfactorily to tricyclic antidepressants. It is then demonstrated both from a review of the literature relating to these drugs and also from my own clinical experience that these compounds are very effective when used in the treatment of the psychiatric conditions for which they are indicated and are also relatively safe when the appropriate precautions are conscienciously observed.

Depression↗
PubMed1989

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor toxicity.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drugs are used in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders in adults. MAOIs are also used in high doses for the treatment of lymphomas and of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children. Toxic effects resulted when procarbazine, a drug of this class, was used in treating a child with a CNS tumor. Psychotic reaction in the child may have been triggered by any of several factors, but arguments are for an organic cause. The implication of the MAOI procarbazine must be seriously considered. The case highlights potential serious problems associated with MAOIs and the interaction of this agent with other drugs.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Effects of co-administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and monoamine oxidase inhibitors on 5-HT-related behavior in rats.

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) syndrome is a dangerous condition of 5-HT excess that can occur in the case of co-administration of a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of MAO inhibitors and subchronic administration of fluvoxamine on 5-HT-related behaviors (head shaking and 5-HT syndrome) in rats treated with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Administration of the non-selective MAO inhibitor, pargyline, and the selective MAO-A inhibitor, clorgyline, resulted in 5-HT syndrome in 5-HTP-treated rats, and subchronic co-administration of fluvoxamine intensified the syndrome. However, administration of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, did not induce 5-HT syndrome with or without subchronic fluvoxamine co-administration. These data suggest that non-selective MAO and selective MAO-A inhibitors can induce 5-HT syndrome in humans when co-administered with SSRI. Further, the risk of 5-HT syndrome may be lower with the selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Serotonergic measures in blood and brain and their correlations in rats treated with tranylcypromine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.

Tranylcypromine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, was administered to male Wistar rats in order to investigate its effects on blood and brain serotonin related substances after 1, 4, and 24 h following injection and possible relations between serotonergic measures in central nervous system and periphery. The dose of the drug tested was responsible for an increase in blood serotonin with a simultaneous fall in its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) compared to either pretreatment or control values. These changes were the most marked after 4 and 24 h following tranylcypromine injection. Almost all brain areas studied (cerebellum, medulla, hypothalamus, striatum, midbrain, hippocampus, and cortex) were to be affected by monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment. They exhibited a rise in serotonin content starting from 1 h after drug administration and lasted in many parts of the brain up to 24 h, which was accompanied by a parallel fall in 5-HIAA level. All these changes were significant when compared to baseline and control values. Alterations in blood serotonin correlated positively with changes in brain serotonin and negatively with brain 5-HIAA, while the opposite pattern of correlations was found regarding blood 5-HIAA and the content of serotonin and 5-HIAA in various brain areas studied. This pattern of correlations speaks in favor of an existence of mutual relations between blood and brain serotonin related substances. Our results suggest that blood serotonin and 5-HIAA may serve as an index of monoamine oxidase inhibitor action on the central serotonergic system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Switching monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Substituting one monoamine oxidase inhibitor for another is recommended only after a drug-free interval to avoid hypertensive emergencies. The evidence and mechanism firmly supporting this caution is lacking. We report a case where monoamine oxidase inhibitors were substituted without apparent adverse consequences.

Adult↗