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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

Cardiac myxoma and myxosarcoma: clinical experience and immunohistochemistry.

From January 1978 to February 1999, 120 patients (42 males and 78 females) with cardiac myxoma (115) or myxosarcoma (5) underwent surgical excision or biopsy. There were 5 early postoperative deaths (mortality, 4.2%). Seventy-three survivors were followed up for 0.75 to 20.25 years (mean, 9.42 years); they comprised 4 myxosarcoma patients who all had recurrence or metastasis, and 69 myxoma patients who had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Neither familial myxoma nor Carney complex was found. The 5 cases of myxosarcoma and 18 randomly selected cases of myxoma were evaluated for proliferative activity, metastatic potential, and oncogene products by immunohistochemistry. The expression of p53 and Bcl-2 was similar in both groups. Overexpression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and low expression of nm23 in myxosarcoma are consistent with the high rate of recurrence and metastasis of this tumor. Surgical resection of sporadic myxoma is a safe and effective treatment with satisfactory early and long-term results. However, the prognosis of myxosarcoma is still disappointing. Regular echocardiography and chest radiography or computed tomography are necessary for early detection of recurrence or metastasis of myxosarcoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Myxosarcoma of the right ventricle: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

BACKGROUND: Myxosarcoma is an unusual form of primary cardiac malignancy with few reports in the literature. Although these tumours occur in a similar anatomical distribution to cardiac myxoma, the relationship between these two tumours is uncertain due largely to the limited studies available that characterise the morphological features of myxosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and pathological features, including immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of cardiac myxosarcoma, in a 58-year-old male who died eight months after onset of symptoms are reported. RESULTS: At presentation the tumour was sited in the right ventricle and at post-mortem was found to have extended into the right atrium, pulmonary infundibulum, pulmonary artery, pericardium and pleural cavities. Histologically the tumour was composed of spindle and stellate cells within a myxoid stroma. Ultrastructural studies showed abundant intermediate filaments and vacuoles within the tumour cell cytoplasm, without any evidence of muscle differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining for vimentin and myoglobin was positive, while there was negative expression of desmin, smooth muscle actin, factor VIIIa, CD34, CD68, S-100 protein, bcl-2 and for epithelial markers. CONCLUSION: Comparison of the morphological findings from the present case with the limited data available suggests that myxosarcoma is not a single tumour entity but a group of tumours of diverse histogenesis.

Heart Neoplasms↗

PubMed1975

Recurrent myxosarcoma of left atrium.

The surgical treatment of cardiac myxosarcoma is reviewed with emphasis placed on palliative response to radiation therapy. A case of primary myxosarcoma of the left atrium in a 16-year-old girl is presented. The tumor was surgically removed in October, 1967. Recurrently myxosarcoma was removed in August, 1968, at which time involvement of the pulmonary veins and the pericardium was noted. Subsequent to postoperative radiation therapy, the patient remained symptom-free for more than three years. Death occurred 4 1/2 years after the original operation from local and systemic recurrence of the tumor.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Left atrial myxosarcoma with systemic metastasis: a case report.

The term myxosarcoma is currently not used in standard classification for soft tissue tumors, but restricted to cardiac tumors. Primary cardiac myxosarcoma is a very rare disease and is difficult to differentiate from myxoma clinically and pathologically. We report a case of left atrial myxosarcoma with widespread systemic metastasis in a 21-yr-old male. The patient presented with sudden onset of intermittent dyspnea and orthopnea. Echocardiography showed a mobile, pedunculated tumor, 7.5x5x2 cm in size, at left atrium. Histologically, the excised tumor showed an amorphous finely fibrillar and mucinous stroma, in which irregular cords and clusters of lepidic cells and large stellate cells with plump vesicular nuclei resembled the usual type of cardiac myxoma were noted. And it showed focally cellular area with great nuclear pleomorphism and frequent mitoses. The patient received combination chemotherapy, peripheral blood stem cell collection transplantation and operations for systemic metastases in the brain, skeletal muscle and lung. He is alive at present 37 months after initial diagnosis and has no more new metastatic lesion.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Myxosarcoma in the eye and brain in a dog.

A male mixed breed dog of unknown age was presented with sudden onset of blindness and a slightly exophthalmic right eye. Ophthalmoscopically, a spherical, pinkish mass protruding from the region of the optic disc into the vitreous was seen in the right eye. Ultrasound and computer tomography demonstrated an extension of the mass into the right retrobulbar space, continuing intracranially to the optic chiasm. Cytologic findings, obtained by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration from the retrobulbar space, were consistent with myxosarcoma. On the basis of these findings of a well-delineated mass in the brain stem area, irradiation was planned as the therapy of choice. The dog was treated under general anesthesia using a proton beam at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Villigen, Switzerland). A curative protocol (56 Gy in 16 fractions over 4 weeks, 3.5 Gy/fraction) was used. Twenty-seven days post radiation therapy the dog was euthanized, as clinical symptoms progressed. Enlargement of the intracranial tumor was seen on a CT study repeated on the day of euthanasia. A gross pathologic and histologic examination were performed and confirmed the diagnosis of a myxosarcoma involving the eye, retrobulbar space of the right side, and the optic chiasm. Post-mortem examination failed to identify any abnormalities or metastases elsewhere in the body.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Spontaneous subcutaneous myxosarcoma in a captive European hedgehog (Erinsceus europaeus).

A surgically excised biopsy representing a subcutaneous mass on the left side of the neck from a 3-year-old female European hedgehog (Erinsceus europaeus) was presented. Spontaneous myxosarcoma was diagnosed based on histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics. The neoplasm grossly consisted of a firm, pale, multilobulated mass with a characteristic clear gelatinous fluid. Histologically, the neoplasm was nonencapsulated and composed of pleomorphic stellate or spindle-shaped vimentin and periodic acid-Schiff-positive cells arranged in loose sheets and occasionally whorls. The neoplastic cells were suspended in Alcian blue-positive stroma and contained infrequent mitotic figures. Evidence of a viral etiology was not detected using electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. This is the first case report of a myxosarcoma in a captive European hedgehog.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Nasopharyngeal myxosarcoma in a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris).

An 18- to 25-yr-old intact female Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) was diagnosed antemortem and postmortem with nasopharyngeal myxosarcoma metastatic to the lung, chronic lymphoplasmacytic otitis media, and lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic stomatitis. Myxosarcomas are rare in domestic animals and seldom metastasize; this tumor has not been previously reported in an exotic felid. Computed tomography of the skull was used during the diagnoses.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

[Brain metastases from primary cardiac myxosarcoma--report of a case (author's transl)].

A very rare case of a myxosarcoma with metastases to the brain is reported. A 33-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of lassitude, fever, slight left hemiparesis, headache and other signs of intracranial hypertension and cardiac symptoms such as dyspnea and palpitation. She had the cardiac symptoms once 14 years before, which reappeared and rapidly aggravated two months before the admission. Cerebral angiography revealed a mass in the right temporal lobe and physical and laboratory examinations revealed mitral value failure and hyperthyroidism. On the next day, March 19, 1976, a grossly cystic 60 gm tumor was totally removed which was largely imbedded in the subcortex of the right temporal lobe. The symptoms except for the cardiac symptoms and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy rapidly improved, but headache and left hemiparesis returned 13 days postoperatively. She died suddenly 18 days after the operation due to acute cardiac failure. Autopsy revealed two separate hard and solid tumors both attached to the mitral valve and occupied the whole left atrium and another metastasis to the frontal lobe which had not been diagnosed before the death. Microscopic examinations including electronmicroscopic study established the diagnosis of myxosarcoma in all the four tumors.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Primary left atrial myxosarcoma.

A patient in whom rapidly progressive congestive heart failure developed due to the presence of a left atrial myxosarcoma is described. The histologic picture is consistent with the hypothesis that cardiac myxoid tumors are neoplasms derived from undifferentiated cells found in the endocardium. Unfortunately, most cardiac malignancies are detected too late for curative resection, and palliation remains the mainstay of therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

A case of malignant myxoma (myxosarcoma) of the maxilla.

A centrally located maxillary myxoma with malignant histologic appearance and aggressive clinical course is reported in a 40-yr-old man. The gelatinous polypoid tumor mass was diagnosed as a myxoma in the first biopsy. The tumor recurred rapidly (within 3 wk) eroding the bony structures of the maxillary sinus and the hard palate and infiltrating the adjacent soft tissues. In repeated biopsy (as well as reassessment of the first biopsy) the tumor was found to be composed of plump stellate cells, some of which were pleomorphic with atypical and bizarre mitotic figures. The amorphic myxoid matrix contained acid mucopolysaccharides and was completely devoid of lipids. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumor cells were identical to fibroblasts, which is consistent with the appearance of myxoma cells. When radiotherapy was unsuccessful, we removed the left maxilla with orbital excenteration and reconstructed the jaw. Three years later the patient died accidentally. At autopsy, no recurrence of myxoma or distant metastases were found. Due to the malignant histologic appearance and the aggressive clinical course, this tumor can be called an odontogenic myxosarcoma and should be added to the WHO classification as a malignant variant of odontogenic myxoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Left ventricular myxosarcoma in a dog.

An entire male Neopolitan mastiff, aged two years and eight months, presented with a history of chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. The diarrhoea had been present for approximately 12 months and had progressively worsened, with weight loss developing over an eight-week period prior to presentation. No primary gastrointestinal or metabolic cause for the diarrhoea could be identified. Echocardiography revealed a large, multilocular, cyst-like structure within the pericardium compressing the heart and displacing it to the right. The mass was surgically excised from the left ventricular myocardium. Histopathological examination showed it to be a low-grade malignant myxosarcoma. The dog made a full recovery and was still clinically normal nine months postoperatively, with no evidence of tumour recurrence or metastases. However, 11 months postsurgery, the clinical signs of diarrhoea and weight loss returned. Tumour recurrence with local metastasis was diagnosed and the dog was euthanased 358 days after the original surgery.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Myxosarcoma in a young rhesus monkey.

A myxosarcoma that arose spontaneously in the ilial region of a young male Rhesus monkey grew rapidly and invaded and lysed the pelvic bones. It consisted of large pleomorphic cells, with single or multiple nuclei and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, in abundant intercellular matrix.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Right atrial myxosarcoma in a dog.

A case of right atrial myxosarcoma is described in a Staffordshire bull terrier with a history of weight loss, exercise intolerance and collapse. The diagnosis of an intracavitary cardiac tumour was made on echocardiography. The dog was euthanased. Secondary spread to the lungs and lymph nodes was present. Myxoma is one of the rare intracavitary cardiac tumours and this case is believed to be the 1st report of its more malignant form in the dog.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Myxosarcoma in a wapiti.

Myxosarcoma was diagnosed in an adult male wapiti (Cervus canadensis) from western Colorado. The neoplasm was located on the medial aspect of the right thigh and had extensively infiltrated adjacent soft tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[A case of primary pulmonary artery myxosarcoma associated with severe pulmonary hypertension].

A 50-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea on exertion, but with no history of chest pain or syncope. Chronic pulmonary thromboembolism was suspected and he was referred to our hospital. On ausculation, a grade 3 systolic murmur was heard, that was loudest in the fifth intercostal space lateral to the right sternal border. Chest radiography showed mild cardiomegaly and ventilation-perfusion scan revealed absence of perfusion in the left lung and the upper field of the right lung. Contrast-enhanced helical CT showed large mural defects in both main pulmonary arteries, clearly delineated by contrast medium. The left pulmonary artery was nearly completely occluded, and eccentric defects were observed projecting into the lumen of the pulmonary trunk. A tumor originating in the pulmonary artery was suspected, but a definitive diagnosis of the mass could not be made with pulmonary angiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 50 mmHg. Further radiologic examinations failed to reveal the source of the embolus or tumor. It was decided to attempt surgical excision under total cardiopulmonary bypass. At operation, a gelatinous, lustrous, yellowish mass was found partially occluding the right main pulmonary artery and completely occluding the left. The tumor adhered tightly to the intima of the vessel and was inoperable. The patient could not be weaned from percutaneous cardiopulmonary support and died 3 days after surgery. Histologic examination of the excised specimen revealed myxosarcoma.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Myxosarcoma: a rare primary cardiac tumor.

We describe the case of a patient with myxosarcoma of the left ventricle, a very rare type of primary cardiac sarcoma, who presented with features of acute pericarditis and discuss the management of this condition.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Intestinal myxosarcoma in a thoroughbred mare.

A large fibrotic mass originating from the cecal base was discovered upon surgical exploration of the abdomen in a Thoroughbred mare with a history of chronic colic and weight loss. The mass protruded intraluminally resulting in partial obstruction. Surgical excision was not feasible due to the location of the mass and the inability to exteriorize it adequately from the abdominal cavity. The mass was fibrous with a shiny, gelatinous material present throughout the neoplasm. Histologically, large confluent spaces filled with mucopolysaccharides were identified by staining with Alcian blue. The diagnosis of myxosarcoma was based upon finding of atypical fibroblastic cells, mucinous stroma, local invasiveness, and metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. Myxomatous tumors have not previously been documented to occur in the equine intestinal tract.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Myxosarcoma in a Sinaloan milksnake.

A 2-year-old Sinaloan milksnake was examined because of a 1-cm mass attached to the lateral wall of the coelom. A diagnosis of myxosarcoma was made on the basis of histologic features and special staining characteristics.

Animals↗