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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Neutralization of acid in the rumen by magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate.

Two reagent and two feed grade magnesium oxides and reagent grade magnesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium carbonate were evaluated to ascertain their ability to neutralize acid in the rumen. Rumen fluid pH was increased in vitro, compared to the control, by antacid compounds, and their increased ranked: calcium carbonate less than feed grade magnesium oxide A less than light magnesium oxide and feed grade magnesium oxide B less than heavy magnesium oxide less than magnesium carbonate less than sodium bicarbonate. Titrations at constant pH's ranging from 3.0 to 7.5 indicated that these magnesium compounds were reactive at pH's normally in the rumen although reactivity decreased with increasing pH. Intraruminal doses of feed grade magnesium oxide A and calcium carbonate did not change rumen fluid pH for other compounds ranked: feed grade magnesium oxide B less than magnesium carbonate less than heavy magnesium oxide. Feeding of heavy magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate increased rumen fluid pH as compared to the control diet. Feeding feed grade magnesium oxide B in three quantities to cattle resulted in proportional increased in fecal pH and fluidity of feces. Two feed grade magnesium oxides differed in their ability to neutralize acid in the rumen.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Response of milking cows fed a high concentrate, low roughage diet plus sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, or magnesium hydroxide.

To determine the ability of mineral supplements to elevate depressed milk fat percent, we placed 42 Holstein cows in early to midlactation in seven blocks and assigned each to one of six treatments: control (25% corn silage and alfalfa haylage, 75% concentrate, mostly corn, dry matter); control plus magnesium oxide ground to pass a .425-mm sieve; control plus prilled magnesium oxide sieved to between 1.70 and .425 mm; control plus sodium bicarbonate; control plus reactive powdered magnesium oxide to pass a 45 microns sieve; and control plus powdered magnesium hydroxide. Sodium bicarbonate was 1% of diet as fed, magnesium oxide .5%, magnesium hydroxide .7% later reduced to .5%. Cows were fed control ration for 3 wk to induce milk fat depression, then were changed to treatment rations for 5 wk. Five cows (unblocked) were continued on each dietary treatment for a digestibility study after the feeding trial. All mineral supplements produced greater milk fat percent and yield of milk fat per day than control and all magnesium treatments produced greater milk fat percent than sodium bicarbonate. Magnesium oxide passing a .425-mm sieve produced the greatest increase of milk fat percent. Milk production was most for sodium bicarbonate treatment. Supplementation with magnesium increased ruminal magnesium concentration by factors of 1.26 to 3.75. Blood serum, urine, and fecal magnesium concentrations and fecal pH were more for cows fed magnesium than those fed sodium bicarbonate treatments. Kidney filtration ratios of element to creatinine increased for magnesium when diets were supplemented with magnesium and increased for phosphorus and sodium when diets were supplemented with sodium bicarbonate.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1999

Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide inhibit plasma coagulation by Staphylococcus aureus cells at the lower concentration than zinc oxide.

We examined the effect of ceramic powder slurries on the coagulation of plasma by Staphylococcus aureus cells. Plasma coagulation by S. aureus strains or their cultured supernatant was inhibited in the plasma with 0.12% calcium oxide or 0.25% magnesium oxide after incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Inhibition of plasma coagulation by calcium oxide and magnesium oxide was observed at the lower concentration than zinc oxide.

Antacids↗
PubMed1990

Lactational responses to and in vitro ruminal solubility of magnesium oxide or magnesium chelate.

Thirty-six midlactation Holstein cows were used in a randomized incomplete block design to evaluate lactational responses to varying dietary concentrations of Mg supplemented by MgO or Mg chelate. Basal diet was 41:4:55 corn silage:cottonseed hulls:concentrate (.21% total Mg). Magnesium oxide was added to the basal diet to give .32, .37, and .43% total dietary Mg, and Mg chelate was added to provide .23, .25, and .27% Mg, DM basis. Dietary treatments were formulated to supply equal concentrations of bioavailable Mg from either Mg source. Dry matter intake and milk yield were greater by cows fed MgO-supplemented than Mg chelate-supplemented treatments. Milk fat percentages were not affected. Milk protein percentages increased with Mg chelate compared with protein percentages with MgO. Treatments did not affect gross efficiency (4% FCM/DM intake) or body weight change. Lack of response to Mg chelate suggested that either the bioavailability was not as high as assumed or that sufficient total bioavailable Mg was not provided in those treatments. A companion in vitro experiment showed that MgO-supplemented concentrates, with more total supplemental Mg, supplied two to three times more soluble Mg than Mg chelate-supplemented concentrates.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1989

Effect of reactivity rate and particle size of magnesium oxide on magnesium availability, acid-base balance, mineral metabolism, and milking performance of dairy cows.

Four ruminally fistulated Holstein cows were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin-square design. Treatments consisted of a control diet and three diets containing 4% MgO (DM basis) with increasing reactivity rates (A, B, C). Diets contained corn silage and concentrate at a 40:60 ratio (DM) and were fed at 95% of ad libitum intake. Total acid-consuming capacity and solubility of MgO in vitro paralleled particle size and agreed with the solubilities in the rumen. Milk fat percentage, but not milk yield, was increased by all three MgO diets. Ruminal pH was elevated by the MgO diets across all 8 h postfeeding. MgO, reactivity A diet tended to increase ruminal acetate, total VFA production, milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage. Effect of time postfeeding on acetate and propionate production was significant; 2 to 6 h postfeeding was the period most responsive to the diets. No significant influence on blood acid-base balance was observed. On the basis of urinary excretion of Mg, MgO sources with smaller particles are more available to cattle. Both Ca and Cl metabolism appeared to be affected by reactivity rate of MgO.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1990

Bioavailability of magnesium in beef cattle fed magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide.

Two experiments were conducted to compare Mg bioavailability from Mg oxide (MgO) vs Mg hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) fed in either a completely mixed diet or a mineral supplement. In Exp. 1, these Mg sources were incorporated into completely mixed diets and offered to 15 steers (282 kg) allotted to three treatments: control diet containing .19% Mg, control plus .2% added Mg as MgO, or control plus .2% added Mg as Mg(OH)2. Each calf was fed 5 kg/d of the respective diet during 10-d adjustment and 7-d collection periods. Blood samples were collected on d 1, 3 and 7. Mg supplementation increased (P less than .01) fecal and urinary Mg excretions, whereas apparent Mg absorption (%) and retention were similar (P greater than .10) for all treatments. Plasma Mg concentrations were similar (P less than .10) for calves supplemented with MgO and Mg(OH)2 but were higher (P less than .05) for Mg supplemented than for control calves on d 7. In Exp. 2, these Mg sources were incorporated into mineral supplements and offered free choice to 30 spring-calving beef cows gazing tetany-inducing pastures from March 6 to May 1. Each of three groups of 10 cows was assigned to a 5.7-ha tall fescue pasture and offered either a control supplement or a supplement containing 40% MgO or Mg(OH)2. Blood samplers were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56. Plasma Mg concentrations were not different (P greater than .10) for cows offered MgO and Mg(OH)2 but were higher (P less than .01) for Mg-supplemented than for control cows on d 28, 42 and 56.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide.

This study compared magnesium oxide and magnesium citrate with respect to in vitro solubility and in vivo gastrointestinal absorbability. The solubility of 25 mmol magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide was examined in vitro in solutions containing varying amounts of hydrochloric acid (0-24.2 mEq) in 300 ml distilled water intended to mimic achlorhydric to peak acid secretory states. Magnesium oxide was virtually insoluble in water and only 43% soluble in simulated peak acid secretion (24.2 mEq hydrochloric acid/300 ml). Magnesium citrate had high solubility even in water (55%) and was substantially more soluble than magnesium oxide in all states of acid secretion. Reprecipitation of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide did not occur when the filtrates from the solubility studies were titrated to pH 6 and 7 to stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Approximately 65% of magnesium citrate was complexed as soluble magnesium citrate, whereas magnesium complexation was not present in the magnesium oxide system. Magnesium absorption from the two magnesium salts was measured in vivo in normal volunteers by assessing the rise in urinary magnesium following oral magnesium load. The increment in urinary magnesium following magnesium citrate load (25 mmol) was significantly higher than that obtained from magnesium oxide load (during 4 hours post-load, 0.22 vs 0.006 mg/mg creatinine, p less than 0.05; during second 2 hours post-load, 0.035 vs 0.008 mg/mg creatinine, p less than 0.05). Thus, magnesium citrate was more soluble and bioavailable than magnesium oxide.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Mechanism and technology of recovery flue gas desulphurization with magnesium oxide].

Taking magnesium oxide slurry as absorption solution, the simulation of bubbling absorption process of mixed SO2 gases was observed in laboratory. Experiment results show that with a high efficiency and stable situation, acidification of absorbing solution was caused by HSO3-; the acidification trend was in accordance with the pattern of hydrolyzing of SO2, pH changes slowly at high pH value with SO3(2-) and rapidly at low value with HSO3-. The experiments also show the insensitive effect of liquid temperature on the high desulphurization efficiency. With relatively high dissolution rate and oxidizability of MgSO3 as well as the high solubility of MgSO4, the desulphurization efficiency utilization of MgO. Industrial experiment of FGD of coal-fired boiler showed that by recycling absorbing liquid could be raised to the concentration of MgSO4 to the saturation concentration at the operation temperature (40-50 degrees C) without any adverse effects on FGD efficiency. Refinement and enrichment of active substance could promote the desulphurization process, thus showed the availability of technical and economy feasibility of recovery technology.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2001

Unexpected Fe local order in iron oxide coated nanocrystalline magnesium oxides with exceptional reactivities against environmental toxins.

Mg oxide nanoparticles are very reactive materials used to mitigate atmospheric pollution and to sequester polluting molecules. Using Fe K-edge XAFS, we have studied the structure of iron oxide-coated MgO nanoparticles before and after reaction with CCl4. Before reaction, the local structure around Fe is totally different from that in iron oxide coatings on SrO and CaO nanoparticles, although these coated materials were prepared in the same way. In SrO and CaO, the iron oxide coating has been shown to be well separated from the bulk of the nanoparticle, whereas in MgO, Fe was found to mix with MgO. After reaction with CCl4, Fe-Cl bonds can be detected when the coated nanoparticle is saturated. Such Fe-Cl EXAFS signals have not been observed in previously studied nanoparticles.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1983

Effect of supplemented magnesium from magnesium oxide or dolomitic limestone upon digestion and absorption of minerals in sheep.

Three metabolism trials were conducted with six lambs fitted with abomasal and ileal cannulae to determine the site of supplemental Mg absorption when supplied as dolomitic limestone or magnesium oxide. Magnesium intake was 1.09 g/d for the lambs fed the control diet and 2.21 and 2.10 g for those fed the dolomitic limestone and magnesium oxide supplemented diets, respectively. Irrespective of its source, the major site of Mg absorption was the preintestinal region. Magnesium was secreted in the small intestine in lambs fed all three diets. Magnesium supplementation resulted in an increase (P less than .05) in preintestinal Mg absorption, with magnesium oxide having the highest value. Supplementation had no effect (P greater than .05) on secretion or absorption of Mg from the small and large intestines or total retention of Mg. With all three diets, the major site of Ca absorption was the stomach region with additional absorption taking place in the large intestine. Calcium was secreted in the small intestine of lambs fed all treatments. Generally, K, Na and P were secreted in the preintestinal region and absorbed from the small and large intestines. The major site of K and P absorption appeared to be the small intestine and for Na, the large intestine. Serum minerals were unchanged (P greater than .05) due to treatment, but the levels of Mg, K and inorganic P tended to be higher in lambs supplemented with either of the Mg sources. It appears that the greater utilization of Mg from magnesium oxide vs dolomitic limestone is due to greater absorption of Mg from the forestomach region.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Photometric method of the detection of magnesium oxide in the working zone air after using magnesium caustic dust].

The contributors proposed a new highly sensitive selective technique of magnesium oxide detection, based on the Congo red and salicylic acid reaction. The minimal detection level is 0.25 mg of magnesium oxide in the analyzed sample volume. The range of measured concentrations varies from 0.01 to 0.4 mcg/ml. The express technique is simple and selective with Ca (II), Fe (III), AI (III).

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Effect of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine: changes produced by food-magnesium interaction.

The effect of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide on urinary biochemistry and on the crystallization of calcium salts was examined in 7 normal subjects and 4 patients with recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. When magnesium citrate or magnesium oxide was administered on an empty stomach (10 mEq. 4 times per day or 486 mg. magnesium per day for 2 weeks) urinary magnesium increased by only 77 to 79 mg. per day and urinary citrate increased by 98 to 142 mg. per day. However, urinary calcium increased by 21 to 25 mg. per day. No significant changes were noted in urinary saturation of calcium oxalate or brushite or in the limit of metastability (formation product) of these salts. However, when magnesium salts were provided with meals there were more prominent increases in urinary magnesium (by 92 to 96 mg. per day) and in citrate (by 218 to 226 mg. per day). Moreover, urinary oxalate decreased. Owing to these changes the urinary saturation of calcium oxalate decreased and the formation product increased. If magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide are to be used in the management of recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, they should be administered with meals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A prospective randomized comparison of oral terbutaline and magnesium oxide for the maintenance of tocolysis.

We compared oral magnesium oxide with oral terbutaline sulfate in a prospective, randomized manner to determine efficacy and side effects. Preterm labor patients whose labor was arrested with parenteral tocolysis were randomized to oral tocolysis with either magnesium oxide, 200 mg every 3 to 4 hours (n = 23), or terbutaline, 2.5 to 5 mg every 3 to 4 hours (n = 27). The number of patients who were delivered of infants before 36 weeks' gestation was similar between groups (18.5% receiving terbutaline versus 17.4% receiving magnesium). At least one side effect occurred in 81.5% of patients in the terbutaline group and 47.8% in the magnesium group (p less than 0.01). Finally, the cost for 1 day of magnesium (20 cents) is approximately one third the cost of terbutaline (56 cents). These data suggest that oral magnesium oxide is as effective as terbutaline for the maintenance of tocolysis, with fewer side effects and at a lower cost.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Dietary magnesium oxide interactions with sodium bicarbonate on cows in early lactation.

Thirty-six Holstein cows were fed a diet of 50% concentrate and 50% corn silage (dry matter) for 12 wk postpartum. Treatments were 0, .4, and .8% magnesium oxide with or without .8% sodium bicarbonate in a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement. Dry matter intake was not different among treatments although the combined buffers had higher intake. Milk production was higher for the .4% magnesium oxide treatments either alone or with sodium bicarbonate as compared with either the 0 or .8% magnesium oxide treatments. Ruminal pH was increased with addition of sodium bicarbonate either alone or together with magnesium oxide. Dietary addition of .4% magnesium oxide either alone or with sodium bicarbonate increased total volatile fatty acid in ruminal fluid. Propionate and valerate were depressed in both of the combined buffered diets. Fecal pH was increased with magnesium oxide addition either alone or with sodium bicarbonate. Increasing magnesium oxide increased magnesium in plasma. No interactions in animal performance were significant for the two buffers.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2004

Bulk synthesis of single-crystalline magnesium oxide nanotubes.

Crystalline tubular magnesium oxide nanostructures were obtained through carbon-thermal evaporation of a MgO powder. Gallium oxide was added into the mixture of MgO and carbon. The reduction of gallium oxide by carbon resulted in gallium vapor at high temperatures. Condensed gallium droplets catalyzed the anisotropic growth of tubular MgO nanostructures in situ. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution microscopy. All the analyses indicated that the prepared tubular MgO nanostructures are, in fact, single crystals.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether, in children, oral magnesium oxide reduces migrainous headache frequency, severity, and associated features compared to placebo. BACKGROUND: There is no single, safe, widely well-tolerated, and effective prophylactic treatment for all children and adolescents with frequent migrainous headache. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. METHODS: This study was conducted between June 1997 and January 2000 using 7 selected Northern California Kaiser Permanente sites. We recruited children of ages 3 to 17 years who reported a 4-week history of at least weekly, moderate-to-severe headache with a throbbing or pulsatile quality, associated anorexia/nausea, vomiting, photophobia, sonophobia, or relief with sleep, but no fever or evidence of infection. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either magnesium oxide (9 mg/kg per day by mouth divided 3 times a day with food) (n = 58) or matching placebo (n = 60) for 16 weeks. The number of headache days (days with at least one headache) during each of eight 2-week intervals was chosen to be the primary outcome variable. RESULTS: Of those enrolled, 86 (73%) completed the study (42 received magnesium oxide and 44 placebo); 74 of 192 eligible subjects declined to participate. Baseline information on demographic factors, health status, and headache history was similar comparing the 2 groups. By intention-to-treat analysis, we found a statistically significant decrease over time in headache frequency in the magnesium oxide group (P =.0037) but not in the placebo group (P =.086), although the slopes of these 2 lines were not statistically significantly different from each other (P =.88). The group treated with magnesium oxide had significantly lower headache severity (P =.0029) relative to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: This study does not unequivocally determine whether oral magnesium oxide is or is not superior to placebo in preventing frequent migrainous headache in children, but treatment with the active agent did lead to a significant reduction in headache days. Larger trials involving this safe, appealing complementary therapy are needed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1971

Chromatography of unusual lipids on thin layers of magnesium oxide.

The chromatographic behavior of some minor components of natural lipids was studied using layers of magnesium oxide and of commercial adsorbents containing magnesium oxide. The lipids investigated included wax esters, cholesteryl esters, diester waxes, and esters, ethers and ether-esters of ethanediol and glycerol. Pronounced differences were found in the patterns of separation of certain lipids on magnesium oxide as compared to silica gel and Florisil. The procedures described afford means for the detection of unusual lipids in natural materials, and their isolation.

Cholesterol↗