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Results for “Malacoplakia”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

[Clinical and morphological findings and problems in malacoplakia of the urinary bladder (author's transl)].

Malacoplakia of the urinary bladder (observations on 4 female patients, average age 47 years, longest duration 8 years) is, under light microscopy, arranged in 4 layers. Zone 1 contains inflammatory granulation tissue. Zone 2 is composed of von Hansemann cells (macrophages). In zone 3, Michaelis-Gutmann bodies appear. Finally, the deepest zone 4 contains connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphoplasmacellular infiltrates. By electron microscopy, the gradual formation of residual bodies from the remains of phagocytosed materials in the macrophages in these layers can be observed. Through loading with calcium and iron compounds, the residual bodies take on the characteristic appearance of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Etiologically, the origin of malacoplakia is probably involved with coliform bacteria, but apparently additional factors are required for the development of a disease process: e.g., disturbance of macrophage function. There are certain parallels between malacoplakia and Whipple's disease. With atypical localization outside the urinary bladder, differential diagnostic difficulties can arise in separating malacoplakia from inflammatory-granulomatous processes (granulomatous orchitis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis). The prognosis of malacoplakia in the urinary bladder is good in all cases, but timely treatment of recurrence and constant supervision are indicated.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Malacoplakia of the bladder: efficacy of bethanechol chloride therapy.

Present evidence suggests that malacoplakia is the result of a functional defect in the mononuclear cells of the lesion caused by a deficiency of cyclic 3',5' guanosine monophosphate. This defect results in the impaired ability of the macrophage to release lysosomal enzymes necessary for the digestion of phagocytized bacteria. The persistent inflammatory reaction produces the characteristic granuloma of malacoplakia. Previous laboratory studies indicate that the phagocytic defect is reversible by cholinergic agonists, which led to the use of bethanechol chloride in the treatment of patients with malacoplakia. We report on 3 patients with vesical malacoplakia who were treated successfully with bethanechol chloride.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Malacoplakia in childhood. Case report with ultrastructural observations and review of the literature.

Malacoplakia involving the adrenal gland and colon was found in a 6-week-old infant. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of adrenal involvement and it occurred in the youngest patient described to have malacoplakia. The adrenal gland was the site of a previous hemorrhage. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of the malacoplakia cells contained numerous granular inclusions within which were tetrad-shaped particles resembling ferritin. A thorough search failed to show the presence of any bacteria. Several recent papers have suggested that malacoplakia represents a morphologic manifestation of altered host macrophage response and that Gram-negative enteric bacilli are the usual specific etiologic agents. The pathologic findings in the present case raise the possibility that the lesion in this instance represents an altered macrophage response to extravasated erythrocytes alone or to erythrocytes and bacteria.

Adrenal Cortex↗

PubMed1979

Malacoplakia of the ureter.

Malacoplakia of the urinary tract affects primarily the bladder and secondarily the distal ureter. Characteristic gross and microscopic lesions have been well described. A case of malacoplakia is reported in a 55-year-old woman who presented with hydronephrosis in a solitary kidney. The only lesion in the urinary tract was an apple-core type mass of the distal ureter, which was resected. This represents a rare and unusual presentation of malacoplakia. The differential diagnosis and pertinent literature are discussed.

Female↗

PubMed1977

Renal malacoplakia.

Malacoplakia often is considered a benign disease. Our recent experience with renal parenchymal malacoplakia and a review of the literature have revealed the clinical and pathologic features as well as the prognosis of this renal disease. Upper urinary tract malacoplakia is neither benign nor self-limited, and bilateral renal parenchymal involvement has been uniformly fatal.

Abscess↗

PubMed1976

Malacoplakia of the prostate in an immunosuppressed patient.

Malacoplakia predominantly affects the bladder but occasionally involves other sites. The third case of malacoplakia of the prostate, occurring in a renal transplant patient who was receiving prednisone for immunosuppression, is reported. Modification of phagocytosis and the normal inflammatory response to bacterial infection by the steroid may have been of major importance in the genesis of malacoplakia.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Ureteral obstruction caused by malacoplakia of the bladder over the ureteral orifice.

We have described a case of malacoplakia presenting with uremia in a young, previously healthy black man. Malacoplakia was found in the bladder over both ureteral orifices, causing obstruction. The patient was treated with antibiotics, a percutaneous nephrostomy tube, and finally with transurethral resection of the malacoplakia over the ureteral orifices. The patient's renal function improved dramatically and he is presently asymptomatic.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Clinical and laboratory studies into the pathogenesis of malacoplakia.

Three cases of malacoplakia are described. Electron microscopic studies revealed intact bacteria or bacteria in varying states of degradation within phagolysosomes of the malacoplakic macrophages. Michaelis-Gutmann bodies arise within the phagolysosomes. These findings suggest that the bacteria incorporated within the phagolysosomes persist as dense amorphous aggregates which later become encrusted with calcium phosphate crystals to form the laminated Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Possible explanations for the unusual macrophage response in malacoplakia are: (1) infection with an unusual strain of bacteria, (2) an immunological abnormality affecting intracellular killing of organisms, and (3) an abnormality affecting intracellular digestion of organisms. In considering each of the possibilities, we have been unable to detect any unusual strain of infecting organisms in association with malacoplakia, and in vitro studies have revealed normal T lymphocyte response to mitogen and normal monocyte bactericidal capacity. According to the history, each patient had reason to have a compromised immune status; in only one, however, was this demonstrated.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Medullary aplasia, sarcoidosis, and malacoplakia. A case report (author's transl)].

A 49-year-old man presented medullary aplasia, sarcoidosis, and malacoplakia as evidenced by biopsy. This is apparently the first case of this association to be described in the literature. Medullary aplasia is basically an aplasia of the erythroid series, though it may be a pure aplasia of the red cells alone. A histologic study of the left testicle removed because of an infectious orchiepidydimitis led to the discovery of malacoplakia. Skin nodules appeared later; two of them were extirpated and revealed the existence of sarcoidosis. There was no evidence of sarcoidosis at any other level. The immune mechanism involved in pure red cell aplasia with or without thymoma are well known. The association of malacoplakia and sarcoidosis, two similar conditions, is closely related to alterations in cell immunity. The possibility that common immune factors were present in this patient. After eliminating different therapeutic approaches used in other cases, an immunosuppresive therapy was applied.

Anemia, Aplastic↗

PubMed1979

[Transformation of the epithelial cells of the kidney tubules in experimental malacoplakia].

As an effect of administration of the extract of E. coli in the kidney of rats phagolysosomal reaction has been observed, not only in the granulomatous tissue characteristic of malacoplakia, but in the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules. The latter became similar to the histiocytes of malacoplakis i.e. Hansemann's cells. The transformation of the tubular epithelium in severe cases of malacoplakia was followed by necrosis. In a later phase tubular atrophy came into being, which did not differ from the atrophy caused by other agents, although epithelial cells contained numerous residual body. Authors believe, that granular tubular cells of megalocytic interstitial nephritis--regarded as malacoplakia of the renal cortex--originate from tubular epithelium.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Malacoplakia of a cadaveric renal allograft: a case report.

A case of malacoplakia in a cadaveric renal allograft is presented. Infection and immunotherapy are presented as possible etiologic factors. The pathogenesis of malacoplakia is discussed with reference to histologic findings in this specific case. The suggestion is made that an altered macrophage response in this disease is the reason for this granulomatous lesion of the bladder.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Malacoplakia of testis.

A case of malacoplakia of testis with a typical clinical course, related to urogenital E. coli infection is presented. By means of electron microscopy, we have identified several forms of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies within the lesion. X-ray spectral analysis revealed that these bodies contain large amounts of calcium, phosphate, sulfur, sodium and chloride. The pathogenesis of malacoplakia and the formation of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies is shortly discussed.

Castration↗

PubMed1977

Renal malacoplakia.

A case of malacoplakia of the kidney is presented. The incidental finding of asymptomatic pyuria focused attention on the urinary system. Urologic evaluation concluded an avascular renal mass. The diagnosis of malacoplakia was established only after histologic studies of the surgical specimen were completed. Purulent perinephritis complicated the postoperative outcome.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Malacoplakia of epididymis.

Malacoplakia localized to the epididymis is described. Ultrastructural study revealed the presence of bacterial bodies in phagolysosomes of malacoplakic macrophages. The possible role of the phagocytosed bacteria in the pathogenesis of malacoplakia is briefly discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

Malacoplakia associated with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.

Malacoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous condition, usually involving the bladder but occasionally affecting other organs. A case of malacoplakia associated with transitional cell papillary carcinoma of the bladder is reported. This association has not been documented previously.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

Malacoplakia of the prostate confused with clear cell carcinoma.

Primary malacoplakia of the prostate is a rare benign disease, which is frequently mistaken for carcinoma and granulomatous prostatis. The surgical and clinical course of a patient with obstructive hypertrophy of the prostate is reviewed after an initial incorrect diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma. Experience in defining the lesion during the transurethral resection is presented. The pathogenesis, morphological structure and unique microscopic appearance of malacoplakia, characterized by large mononuclear cells associated with small laminated concretions, are described and illustrated.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Renal malacoplakia with papillary necrosis and renal failure.

Renal parenchymal malacoplakia is a rare cause of renal failure. Patients presenting with renal failure carry a poor prognosis, the majority either dying or requiring chronic dialysis. In this report, we describe an alcoholic man who presented with renal failure due to bilateral renal parenchymal malacoplakia and papillary necrosis. The patient, who initially required dialysis, partially recovered renal function following prolonged antibiotic treatment with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1977

Malacoplakia of the prostate.

Malacoplakia is a granulomatous disease of unknown cause often associated with a coliform urinary infection. It is occasionally a self-limiting disease with diverse clinical presentations and roentgenographic appearances. The importance of a differential diagnosis which considers malignancy is emphasized. A rare instance of malacoplakia involving prostatic tissue is reported.

Diagnosis, Differential↗