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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Overview of dermatophytes in Mali].

517 isolations of dermatophytes collected in Mali are reported. The various species are described and the main findings are: --Trichophyton species are more common (85.5% isolated from scalp lesions and 77.5% from skin scrapings) than Microsporum species. --Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum canis have been found found for the first time in Mali. --Ill-defined clinical forms of scalp lesions caused by either T. schonleinii or T. soudanense occur in the subsaharian areas of the country.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Estrus synchronization in cattle using chlormadinone acetate ("Bovisynchron" Jenapharm) in the tropics. 1. On the effect of blocking the cycle using chlormadinone acetate and on the introduction of this biotechnical method in the Republic of Mali].

The oestrus synchronization in cattle is being tested as a biotechnical method supporting the implementation of the crossing programme in the Republic of Mali Using the latest results of sexual physiology, the effect is described of Bovisynchron Jenapharm (chlormadinonacetate). Bovisynchron is characterised by a high certainty of synchronization and a good toleration. It leads to a highly fertile oestrus of all animals and to a high rate of conception. An analysis of the situation in the Republic of Mali is used to discuss the advantages of this method.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intratypical antigenic differentiation of poliovirus strains circulating in Mali by means of cross-adsorbed sera].

The intratypic antigenic differentiation of poliovirus strains isolated from sick or healthy children in Mali in 1975-1976 was performed. The method is based on the use of cross-adsorbed sera in the neutralization tests in which the virus is titrated by the plaque procedure or by the cytopathic effect. All the examined strains of serologic types I, II, and III were distinguished by the antigenic structure from the vaccine strains and were classified as "wild". Quantitative differences in the antigenic structure of type I strains isolated in different towns of Mali were found.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1979

Hemoglobin Bougardirey-Mali beta 119 (GH2) Gly replaced by Val. An electrophoretically silent variant migrating in isoelectrofocusing as Hb F.

Hemoglobin Bougardirey-Mali was detected by isoelectrofocusing during a screening in a 32 years old African, a native of Mali. This abnormal Hb, representing 35% of the total, exhibited the same pI as that of Hb F. In contrast, it was indistinguishable from Hb A in all the electrophoretic systems tested, and equally by its resistance to alkaline denaturation. Structural studies have shown that the abnormality was localized on the beta chain. A fingerprint of the tryptic digest of the aminoethylated beta chain indicated the absence of the beta T12 b. The presence of an abnormal beta T12 b was suspected in the T14-15 spot, as indicated by the intensity of staining and its amino acid composition. beta T12 b was isolated by chromatography on PA 35. Its sequential analysis by manual Edman-dansyl degradation showed that glycine 119 was replaced by a valine residue. This mutation is localized in a alpha 1 beta 1 contact, which makes the molecules slightly unstable. The clinical consequences of this mutation seem to be minor; similar observations have been reported for the other Hb mutated at the same locus, i.e. Hb Fannin-Lubbock beta 119 Gly leads to Asp.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cystogenous nematode, Heterodera (Globodera) mali sp. n., an apple parasite in Kazakhstan].

There has been no information on cystogenous nematodes of the genus Heterodera injuring apple trees. The paper checks the first finding of these nematodes on the roots of a cultivated apple tree. The nematodes proved to be a new species, Heterodera mali sp. n. The apple cystogenous nematode resembles the potato cystogenous nematode H. rostochiensis Woll. in having a round body, small cleft of the vulva and similar sizes of eggs. It differs from H. rostochiensis in smaller sizes (on the average 5 against 9) very transparent and thin cuticle, a small distance between vulva and anus (on the average 43 against 86), a smaller value of the Granek's index (on the average 1.3 against 4.6), a smaller number of cuticular folds between vulva and anus (on the average 7 against 21) and different plant-hosts. A detailed description of H. mali sp. n. is given.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Genetic variation in parotid basic proteins (Pb) in the Bozo (Mali, West Africa).

The frequency of variants in the Pb system was studied in 71 individuals from the Bozo tribe in the Bani-Niger area (Mali, West Africa), in 25 male students from different African countries, and in 110 Dutch students. The frequency of the Pb2 allele was 0.20 in the Bozo and 0.00 in the Dutch population. A comparison is made with the results of a study among American blacks and with a Japanese study. The Pb 2--2 phenotypes observed in this study favour the hypothesis that the Pb-2 c protein is derived from a larger precursor in a manner analogous to the generation of the Pb-1 b protein from Pb-1 protein e.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Enzyme polymorphisms of Ideles populations (Ahaggar, Algeria) and the Iwellemeden Kel Kummer Twaregs (Menaka, Mali).

Surveys dealing with enzyme polymorphisms have recently been conducted in the Sahara. Results from two populations are reported here: 227 inhabitants of Ideles village (Ahaggar, Algeria); 285 nomads of a genetic isolate, the Kel Kummer Twareg tribe (Menaka, Mali). The four classical molecular variants of G6PD:A+, A-, B+, B-, are found in Ideles. The frequency of the G6PD A+ Negroid variant reaches 15% in Ideles and 7.7% among the Kel Kummer. However, gene frequencies will have to be recalculated after a study of the genetic transmission through families. The PGDC gene of 6PGD is especially frequent in the Kel Kummer where 10 'Canning' phenotypes have been observed. The PGM distribution of alleles at locus 1 in Ideles is the same as in the Mediterranean populations. The pa gene of acid phosphatase, relatively frequent in Ideles, has been excluded by drift from the Kel Kummer gene pool. AK and LDH enzymes have also been studied in both samples. The abnormal Ea1 mutation of serum pseudocholinesterase exists in Ideles and in the Kel Kummer as in other populations of the Sahara; the C5 esterase component was revealed by electrophoresis in 5% of the Kel Kummer people.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

[Toxoplasmosis in the Republic of Mali. An epidemiologic approach].

1664- sera from children and adults were collected in rural and urban areas of Mali and were tested in Toxoplasmosis serology. Immunofluorescent antibody tests and direct agglutination test have been used for this purpose. 65 per cent of adults from urban area and 56 to 58 per cent of adults from rural area gave positive results. Before the age sixteen, only 33 to 40 percent of children are positive in urban area while 51 to 53 per cent are so in rural area. The study of hundreds of sera collected from various animals allows to explain the different ages of the serological changes. In rural area children have been infected very early after catching birds, reptiles and above all, rodents and eating them not cooked enough. In urban area the infection occurs all along the life and, particularly, in adults, after consuming grilled meat. The recent description of three cases of congenital toxoplasmosis demonstrates the interest of such an epidemiological study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Mali. Epidemiology and pathological aspects].

I,858 semi quantitative G6PD determinations were done in Mali (mostly in the Point G Hospital, in Bamako). 15.7% of the men and 4.5% of the women had a G6PD deficiency. The age did not affect the incidence of the disease. G6PD deficiency was more frequent among the Sonrais than among the other ethnic groups tested. It did not occur more frequently among subjects having the sickling trait of AC hemoglobinopathy but no G6PD was found among subjects having a major hemoglobinopathy (SS or SC). Severe hemolytic anemia was rather infrequent among adults subjects. Hemolysis was induced by drugs--such as dapsone or niridazole--but it was usually mild and time-limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Controlled tests of anti-meningococcal polysaccharide A vaccine in the African Sahel area (Upper Volta and Mali) ].

After the first tests of this vaccine in Egypt (1972) and in the Sudan (1973), two controlled tests in the field were performed in two high-risk areas for meningitis: --firstly, in the region of Koudougou (Upper-Volta), in November-December 1973 (17,300 vaccines). Its major aim was to solve operational and logistical problems; --secondly, in the Koutiala (Mali) area, according to a very strict schedule, in November-December 1975 and December 1975 (37,979 vaccines). The complete innocuousness of the vaccine was proven and excellent seroconversion was observed after its administration. On the individual level, it was confirmed that the vaccine ensures excellent protection for a period of at least three years. This new prophylactic weapon inspires the authors to suggest a new strategy in the fight against meningitis epidemics caused by meningococcus in the African Sahel area, taking into account the current increase there in serogroup C, against which there is also a vaccine whose efficacy has already been demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malaria and anemia of pregnancy in an African savanna zone. Epidemiological, hematological, biological and immunological study of 2 villages of the Bamako region, Republic of Mali.

An haematological, biological, parasitological and immunological study about anaemia of pregnancy was carried out in two rural village of Mali Republic, where P. flaciparum malaria is hyper-endemic. The 25 pregnant women found in the villages were compared with 23 controls. One could observe that anaemia more often normochromic and regenerative usually appears during the second trimestre of pregnancy. Only a few cases with haemaglobin levels below 8 g. % are hypochromic. Serum transferrin levels were slightly higher among pregnant. None among 31 bone marrows examined showed megaloblastic changes. Haptoglobin levels below 10 mg. % were observed in 3/4 of the pregnant women versus 1/4 in controls. Like some others, this study confirms the primary responsability of malaria haemolysis in the aetiology of anaemia of pregnancy and the interest of systematic chemoprophylaxis, at least from the third month of pregnancy. Vitamin and iron therapy is to consider therafter in hyper-endemic areas of P. falciparum malaria when nutritional problems are not predominant.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Estrus synchronization in cattle by means of chlormadinone acetate ("Bovisynchron" Jenapharm) in the tropics. II. First results of the estrus synchronization of cattle with "Bovisynchron" at the Republic of Mali].

The first experiments are reported on oestrus synchronization in cattle in the Republic of Mali. The animals recieved Bovisynchron twice a day orally over a period of 15 days. The synchronization effect was marked; insemination was performed on the 5th and 6th day p.s. The intensity of the oestrus and especially the results of pregnancy are in close relationship to the breeding conditions and the general status of the animals. The oestrus synchronization is considered a favourable biotechnical method for regulating the reproduction provided that the animals are kept stationary or temporarily stationary.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological aspects of poliomyelitis in Mali (author's transl)].

1800 cases of poliomyelitis has been observed in Mali during 8 years from 1968 to 1975. Children, and specially infants from 6 months to 2 years are specially concerned with a sex-ratio giving a higher frequency in boys though this difference goes decreasing with age. The dry season and the hotter one are the two periods of great morbidity. The three types (I, II, III) have the same importance. Oral immunization at the age of 3 or 4 months must be extended.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Mass spectrometry of Alternaria mali toxins and related cyclodepsipeptides.

The structures of AM-toxins I, II and III, host specific phytotoxic metabolites of Alternaria mali, can be readily deduced from low and high resolution mass spectral data, since the amino acids and their sequences are demonstrated by this technique. Additionally, the general fragmentation of these compounds by electron impact is discussed by comparing the spectra of analogous synthetic compounds.

Alanine↗
PubMed1979

Radar-based studies of the migratory flight of grasshoppers in the middle Niger area of Mali.

Some grasshopper species are pests of subsistence agriculture in the Sahelian zone of West Africa. Formulation of effective control strategies against these pests requires some knowledge of their migratory ability. In this paper a study is described in which radar was used to observe aspects of the nocturnal migratory behaviour of grasshoppers in the middle Niger delta. Mass take-off at dusk, layering and common orientation were regularly observed. Layering appeared to be related to air temperature. Mean orientation was often downwind but at other times crosswind headings occurred which added to the southerly component of the insects' displacement. Probable source areas of insects overflying the radar were identified by calculations of the insects' back-trajectories.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Trachoma prevalence in the Sahel: report of a 1978 survey in Gourma area (Mali) (author's transl)].

Report of a survey conducted in 1978 in the Niger sweep on a population consisting for one third of adults and for two thirds of children and adolescents. 2.571 persons have been controlled, giving evidence of 441 cases of trachoma (17,15 p. 100), 327 of which were evolutive and 114 cicatricial; 30,4 p. 100 of the cases were severe and 10 p. 100 suffered of a loss of visual acuity.

Adolescent↗