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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Construction of an interpretive pattern directory for the API 10 S kit and analysis of its diagnostic accuracy.

A directory of test patterns and their interpretations has been prepared for identification of Enterobacteriaceae by using the 11-test API 10 S kit. The diagnostic accuracy of the directory and kit were evaluated by using records of test results for 37,476 isolates studied with the 21-test API 20 Enteric kit. Analysis indicates that 96.9% of the isolates would have been correctly identified at the genus level and 95.9% at the species level by using only the subset of tests included in the API 10 S.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

DSM-III field trials: I. Initial interrater diagnostic reliability.

The interrater agreement for major diagnostic categories in studies using DSM-I and DSM-II was usually only fair or poor. In phase one of the DSM-III field trials the overall kappa coefficient of agreement for axis I diagnoses of 281 adult patients was .78 for joint interviews and .66 for diagnoses made after separate interviews; for axis II--personality disorders and specific developmental disorders--the coefficients of agreement were .61 and .54. The interrater reliability of DSM--III is, in general, higher than that previously achieved and may be due to changes in the classification itself, the separation of axis I from axis II conditions, the systematic description of the various disorders, and the inclusion of diagnostic criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

DSM-III field trials: II. Initial experience with the multiaxial system.

The multiaxial system of DSM-III includes nondiagnostic data that are valuable in understanding possible etiological factors and in treatment planning and prognosis. The authors describe the reliability of axis IV--severity of psychosocial stressors--and axis V--highest level of adaptive functioning in the past year--for 281 adult patients interviewed in phase one of the DSM-III field trials. The kappa coefficient of agreement for axis IV was .62 for joint interviews and .58 for separate interviews, which the authors consider at least fair. Reliability for axis V was quite good, .80 for joint interviews and .69 for separate interviews. Eighty-one percent of the participating clinicians judged the multiaxial system to be a useful addition to traditional diagnostic evaluation, although many indicated that they had difficulty quantifying severity of psychosocial stressors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Inservice pharmacy technician training program.

The development and implementation of a two-month inservice training program for hospital pharmacy supportive personnel is discussed. A task-oriented approach was used to define the instructional objectives of the program. To emphasize the job-related nature of the instruction, conferences and workshops were selected as the primary teaching methods. A specific instructional plan was designed for drug conferences, giving the trainee an active role in the learning of drug names and dosage forms. On-the-job experience, comprising 30% of the training time, gradually was incorporated into the program. Staff pharmacists and supervisors assumed the teaching responsibilities. During weekly evaluation sessions with each trainee, the coodinator discussed the trainee's performance, pin-pointed deficiencies and suggested means of improvement. The benefits of the program, in terms of selection and sequence of instructional programs, student assessment and program evaluation, are discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1975

[Practice and further development of the AMP-system (a report about a symposion and a seminar) (author's transl)].

During two days in November 1974 TV-tapes of psychiatric interviews were demonstrated and the psychopathology was documented on AMP-record sheet 3. It was a purpose of the discussion to get stimulation for the improvement of the AMP-manual and to decrease the interrater-variance. It was only the first tape which was not followed by a discussion. This film was presented a second time at the end of the seminar in order to examine the training effects. Both record-sheets were compared with each other. Generally the variance decreased. The discussion as to an improvement of the AMP-manual lead to the following suggestions: In defining a psychopathological item it is important to differentiate more precisely between the patient's subjective experience and his behaviour, to find better criteria concerning the rating of different intensities and to improve discrimination between singular items. Furthermore the logic of documentation procedure should be unequivocal and more practical. Following the seminar there was a symposion discussion more general and some specific methodological problems of the further development of the AMP-system. Finally study groups were formed to elaborate on the topics "AMP-manual", "rater-training", "social data" and "electronic data processing".

Berlin↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood psychiatric disorders. I. Agreement with expected diagnosis.

This study was conducted to compare DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Twenty psychiatrist-raters completed standardized diagnostic questionnaires for 24 actual case histories. This report, the first of four, presents the rater agreement with the "expected diagnosis," ie, the diagnosis that we considered most appropriate for each case. The average rater agreement with the expected diagnosis was less than 50%. It was highest in cases of mental retardation, psychosis, hyperactivity, and conduct disorder. In only five cases did the most common diagnosis of the raters differ from the expected diagnosis. Analyses of these cases and those we selected to present specific diagnostic problems to the raters have produced suggestions to improve the reliability of DSM-III.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood psychiatric disorders. II. Interrater agreement.

A case-history format was utilized to compare interrater agreement on childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders, using DSM-II and DSM-III. The average interrater agreement was 57% for DSM-II and 54% for axis I (clinical psychiatric syndrome) of DSM-III. There was high agreement in both systems on cases of psychosis, conduct disorder, hyperactivity, and mental retardation, with DSM-III appearing slightly better. There was noteworthy interrater disagreement in both systems for "anxiety" disorders, complex cases, and in the subtyping of depression. Overall, the reliability of DSM-III appears to be good and is comparable with that of DSM-II and other classification systems of childhood psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A comparison of DSM-II and DSM-III in the diagnosis of childhood psychiatric disorders. III. Multiaxial features.

A major feature of DSM-III is its multiaxial format. One purpose of this study was to examine the purported advantages of a multiaxial system as compared to those of a multicategory system, eg., DSM-II. We found that the multiaxial system led to a more complete and reliable diagnosis of complex clinical cases. Concomitant medical disorder and psychosocial stressors were coded with high levels of interrater agreement. We conclude that the multiaxial framework is a major strength of DSM-III.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Carving nature at its joints? Observations on a revised psychiatric nomenclature.

The recent decision by the American Psychiatric Association to revise its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders provides an opportunity for psychologists and other interested professionals to examine assumptions that underlie classification systems used in mental health settings. The present article attempts to underscore the influence of classification systems in this field on our cognitive activity as clinicians, to place the medical model that underlies DSM-III in perspective within contemporary thought in the philosophy of science, and to comment on some specific changes in the new manual.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1976

The practice of surgery in the fourteenth century.

Henri de Mondeville details a method of wound healing that emphasizes early debridement and primary closure. In Guy de Chauliac's advice on the treatment of groin hernias, he demonstrates an early if unsophisticated understanding of the principles of high ligation of the sac and repair of the direct defect.

Europe↗