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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Current status of bovine haemoparasitic diseases in Martinique (French West Indies)].

A serological survey using indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) for bovine babesiosis (Babesia bovis and B. bigemina) and card test for anaplasmosis, indicates that these haemoparasites are widespread in Martinique. The high prevalences (62% for B. bovis, 52% for B. bigemina and 43% for Anaplasma marginale) lead to the hypothesis of an unstable epizootic situation for these three haemoparasitic diseases. However, the number of smears examined was too low to evaluate their clinical incidence. Both the American and Cuban card tests gave similar results in the detection of antibodies to A. marginale. Theileria mutans is described for the first time in Martinique. Trypanosomosis (Trypanosoma vivax) has disappeared from Martinique, on clinical and serological evidence.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of a public health measure for the amelioration of birth safety in Martinique: 1977-1984].

A public health programme was instituted on the island of Martinique (in the Carribean archipelago) between 1977 and 1984. Its aim was to reduce the perinatal death rate in Martinique which was 25.7 per thousand in 1977 to the level found in France in the same year, namely 14 per thousand. The measures taken to improve the safety of deliveries included closing small maternity homes and improving the hospitals both public and private. The chief measure however, was to improve the availability of specialised antenatal care chiefly administered by midwives (free care consultations near the homes) for the poor and the less well educated women. The results showed that perinatal deaths in the island dropped to 14.9 per thousand in 1984. The major improvement was that women who had been attended by midwives had 10 per thousand perinatal deaths. This involved half the population of the island and the same results were found as to the wealthier and more educated women who were attended by private obstetricians. It was found to be possible to reduce the difference in the perinatal death rate between an African population in Martinique and an European population in European France.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1989

[The value of an immunocapture method for the study of serum IgM in the surveillance of dengue in Martinique].

The use of IgM capture ELISA for surveillance of dengue in Martinique is described. This only pathogenic for human population arbovirus infection, which the transmission is caused by bites of haematophagous diptera like Aedes (Aedes aegypti principally) show an active circulation in Martinique. Clinical evolution was always benign among the adults and the children. To date no case of dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (the World Health Organization criteria) was not reported in Martinique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

HTLV-I-associated tropical spastic paraparesis in Martinique: a reappraisal.

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated tropical spastic paraparesis in Martinique has been identified in 54 patients, 49 women and 5 men. This myelopathy represents an endemic problem on this island and the earliest documented case dates from 1952. A blood transfusion history was obtained in 7 of the 54 patients (13%). There was a preponderance of cases from the northern Atlantic coast of Martinique, the most humid region on the island. The prevalence in this region reached 49.5 per 100,000, compared with the global prevalence of 11.9 cases per 100,000 for the island. An immune-mediated mechanism may be important in the pathogenesis of HTLV-I-associated tropical spastic paraparesis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human leptospirosis in Martinique].

Eco-geographic conditions are good for spread of Leptospiroses in Martinique. Leptospiroses are widespread in all parts of the Island. Many people have animals in inhabitation area. When they are sought, Leptospiroses can be diagnosed. During 3 years, we found many cases confirmed by biological diagnosis (immunological research of antibodies). Icterohaemorrhagiae is the first serogroup encountered and the most frequent. After follow Canicola, Ballum, Cynopteri and Javanica. Actually, Leptospiroses are a disease more frequent than is generally thought in Martinique. But only the severe cases are hospitalized, so diagnosed. Many cases of fever of unknown origin can be Leptospiroses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Acute rheumatic fever in Martinique. Epidemiological, clinical and biological study].

An epidemiological and clinical survey of rheumatic fever was carried out in Martinique. The clinical manifestations, portal of entry and socio-economic facilitating factors appeared to be the same as those observed in metropolitan France when the disease occurred with a similar frequency. The prevalence and severity of rheumatic fever in Martinique are still high (in 1982, 49 new cases in a population of 300,000, including 12 with severe carditis), but they tend to diminish as the eradication campaign goes on. The reasons for the persistence of the disease and the problems encountered in the eradication campaign are discussed in the light of epidemiological data collected during the last 3 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seroepidemiological survey on toxoplasmosis in Guadeloupe and Martinique (author's transl)].

The examination of 9,950 serums in Guadeloupe and Martinique has revealed the importance and the precocity of infestation by Toxoplasma: 56,9% of the population has complement fixing antibodies, 65,6% haemagglutinating antibodies and from the very first age groups onwards, nearly half the population is found to be infested. Although the consumption of insufficiently cooked meat is most frequently invoked, it would seem that this manner of contamination should not be incriminated in Guadeloupe and Martinique where the population traditionally lives on fish and well-cooked meat. Moreover, the great variability in the rates of infestation observed in the different localities studied leads one to envisage the invtervention of climatic factors favoring the survival of the oocysts born of the sexed multipilication of the parasite in the external environment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Tropical spastic paraparesis: clinical, immunological, and virological studies in two patients from Martinique.

Two patients from Martinique with tropical spastic paraparesis had antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in serum and spinal fluid but no antibodies to other retroviruses tested. They presented with spastic weakness of both lower extremities, hyperreflexia with upgoing toes, sphincteric dysfunction, and normal sensation. By means of agarose isoelectric focusing and selective immunoblotting we demonstrated an increased intrathecal synthesis of IgG antibodies to HTLV-I in the spinal fluid. Unique oligoclonal bands of IgG antibodies to HTLV-I were present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Using a battery of monoclonal antibodies we also found in these patients an increased number of circulating T cells that expressed activation markers. We conclude that the HTLV-I retrovirus associated with tropical spastic paraparesis has both lymphocytotropic and neurotropic properties.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Present-day aspects of leprosy in Martinique].

Altogether my observations agree with the facts reported by others authors. Two data however should be pointed out: -- in spite of the progresses for its demonstration, lepra remains frequent in La Martinique; -- with 47% lepromatous forms and 25% tuberculoid forms, lepra in the West Indies constitutes an intermediary level between African lepra (60% tuberculoid forms) and South-American lepra (60% lepromatous forms).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilharziasis in Martinique (author's transl)].

A study of 4,600 sera by means of a micro-method of complement fixation with a delipidated antigen allowed to evaluate the significance of intestinal bilharziosis at la Martinique and to precise its geographical distribution in the various areas of the island. The mean infestation ratio (about 27 0/0) is much higher than that obtained with parasitologic techniques; it confirms the great sensitivity of immunological methods and the high percentage of infested people in these areas. On the other hand the study of infestation ratio in the various places shows the role played by the hydrographic system and its relationship with the habitat: a fundamental opposition is observed between two areas: the North of the island, which is damp, with many rivers and highly infested, and the South, dry, with a much lower infestation ratio.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1992

Biological control of the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Martinique, French West Indies.

In Martinique water-cress beds constituted the last transmission sites for schistosomiasis. The competitor snail, Melanoides tuberculata, was introduced at the beginning of 1983 to a group of water-cress beds and eliminated the snail hosts, Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea, in less than two years. Following this first success, M. tuberculata was introduced to the other groups of beds which were inventoried at the beginning of the eighties. At the present time, B. glabrata and B. straminea have totally disappeared from eight sites and only a few individuals have been recorded from 12 sites. The two remaining water-cress beds have dried up and were abandoned.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Diagnosis of HTLV-I infected seronegative neurological patients by polymerase chain reaction amplification in Martinique.

HTLV-I is a type C human retrovirus, endemic in Japan, central Africa, South America and the Caribbean, which causes adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma and chronic progressive paraparesis. Some neurological patients with chronic progressive myelopathies, but seronegative for HTLV-I have been reported in Martinique. We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to look for the presence of HTLV-I genomic sequences in those patients. Two primers were chosen for gag and tax genes. Liquid hybridization was performed on the amplified products using an internal 32p labelled oligonucleotide as a probe. The hybridized material was run on a 6% polyacrylamide gel. Forty-three of forty-four seropositive subjects analysed as "positive controls" were positive for gag, but only 16/29 for tax. Twenty HTLV-I seronegative neurological patients with a symptomatology suggesting HAM/TSP were tested: 18 were found positive for at least one of the 2 oligonucleotide pairs. Two "negative controls": Moya-Moya and vascular brain failure were found negative. 8/9 subjects with uninterpretable WB were also studied by PCR, and 8 were found positive for at least one oligo pair. Our conclusion is that PCR methodology is able to detect genetic information related to HTLV-I in a number of cases where classical serology is negative.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1989

Biological control of Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea by the competitor snail Thiara tuberculata in a transmission site of schistosomiasis in Martinique, French West Indies.

In Martinique, intestinal schistosomiasis was discovered at the beginning of this century. The intermediate host snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, was considered in the past as a common species in the different habitats of the island, but during the last decade it has been found only in water-cress beds. Several of these water-cress cultures contained mixed populations of B. glabrata and B. straminea. Moreover, these habitats also constituted transmission sites for Schistosoma mansoni infection. In 1979 the thiarid snail Thiara ( = Melanoides) tuberculata was discovered in Madame river, Fort-de-France, and in the following years at other sites. In 1983 a programme of biological control using this snail was started in two groups of water-cress beds. In 1981-1982 the study site, Roxelane valley, sheltered important populations of B. glabrata (45-256 individuals/m2) and of B. straminea (2-30 ind./m2). In January 1983 the competitor T. tuberculata was introduced into the two groups of water-cress beds (1.3 and 1.7 ind./m2 respectively) and during subsequent years snail population sampling was carried out. The results showed rapid colonization by the competitor snail, whose densities reached 178 and 325 ind./m2 in November 1983 and a maximum of 9941 and 13,388 ind./m2 in October 1984. During that time, B. glabrata populations declined: 153 and 41 ind./m2 in November 1983, 4 and 0 ind./m2 in October 1984, and 0 ind./m2 in the two groups of water-cress beds in October 1985. A similar phenomenon was observed for B. straminea. Since October 1985 neither planorbid species has been found by exhaustive sampling of the habitats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Sero-epidemiology of viral hepatitis A, B and delta in Martinique].

In view of the ethnic and geographical peculiarities of the French department of Martinique and of the endemic character of hepatitis in tropical countries, we studied the prevalence of infections with hepatitis A, B and delta viruses in that region. A group of 10,109 blood donors and a group of about 100 patients were selected on account of their liver symptoms. As regards hepatitis A, the study of the 2 groups was completed by a sero-epidemiological survey of 509 children and teenagers aged from 1 to 18 years. The prevalence of the HB antigen among blood donors was 1.3 per cent, i.e. about 10 times higher than in Europe and 7 times lower than in hyperendemic tropical areas. It was 2.5 times higher in the male than in the female population; 84 per cent of HBs-positive donors had anti-HBe antibodies, 9 per cent had HBe antigen and 7 per cent had neither one nor the other. This distribution is coherent with a population of symptomless carriers. The prevalence of anti-HBs-positive sera was 34 per cent as against 70-95 per cent in highly endemic countries and 4-20 per cent in Europe; 1.9 per cent of the HBs donors studied and 8.8 per cent of the patients had anti-delta antibodies; 11 of the 13 anti-delta-positive subjects had anti-HBe antibodies and 2 had neither HBe nor anti-HBe. Between the ages of 1 and 3 years very few anti-HAV-positive subjects were observed. From 3 to 10 years, the percentage of seroconversions increased moderately. Between 10 and 20 years, the number of positive cases increased considerably reaching 67 per cent at 20 years and 100 per cent at and above 45 years. Among the patients, 97 were positive for IgG (96 per cent) and only 5 for IgM (4 per cent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Tropical spastic paraparesis in Martinique. High prevalence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies].

Owing to the frequent occurrence in tropical countries of subacute spinal cord diseases of unknown origin, a nosological entity called tropical spastic paraparesis has been individualized. Twenty-two cases have been observed in Martinique. The presence in the serum of antibodies directed against human T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-I) in 15 of these 22 patients suggests that this lymphotropic virus or a related one might also be neurovirulent.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Primary and secondary dapsone resistance of M. leprae in Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Senegal, and Paris between 1980 and 1985.

Primary and secondary dapsone resistance were studied among lepromatous patients living in Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Senegal, and Paris. Four hundred fifteen biopsies were taken from clinically active and bacteriologically positive (bacterial index greater than 2) patients in the 6-year period of 1980-1985. Among these, 280 biopsies that contained 5 x 10(4) acid-fast bacilli per ml with a morphological index of at least 0.10 were inoculated into the mouse foot pad, and 229 harbored infective Mycobacterium leprae. Among the 129 infective M. leprae isolated from new cases, 54% had some degree of dapsone resistance, a low degree being prominent in all cases. Among the 100 infective M. leprae isolated from relapsed cases, 79% had a high or an intermediate degree of dapsone resistance. The annual incidence of secondary dapsone resistance was estimated to be about 0.55% in Guadeloupe.

Dapsone↗
PubMed1988

[Intestinal angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricencis. Apropos of a case in Martinique].

Intestinal angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a rare nematodiasis which is present mainly in Costa-Rica, and in some other countries in the northern part of South America, Central America, and in the southern part of Mexico. This is a report of the first case from Martinique involving a sixteen month old child, and proved by an intestinal pathologic study. The epidemiology of the disease, its clinical, parasitological, histopathologic and therapeutic aspects are emphasized.

Angiostrongylus↗