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The matched group analysis method in prospective studies is a variation of matched pairs analysis with the advantage of sampling error avoided in the choosing of pairs of subjects. An example is shown in which comparisons are given of mortality in triads of cases classified by the tar and nicotine level of the cigarettes they smoked and matched on 10 variables. The method can also be used in retrospective and autopsy studies.
We report the results of a nonrandomized, matched group survival study comparing 29 patients with a choroidal or ciliary body melanoma managed by enucleation alone to 29 patients managed by enucleation following external beam ocular irradiation (20 Gy in five fractions over 5-7 days just prior to enucleation). Variables on which the patients in the two groups were matched included age at time of enucleation, largest linear tumor dimension, location of the anterior tumor margin relative to the equator and ora serrata, melanoma cell type, and extrascleral tumor extension. The cumulative 5-year survival in the enucleation alone group was 57.9% (SE = 9.9%), whereas that in the preenucleation radiation therapy group was 63.9% (SE = 12.2%). This difference is not statistically significant (p greater than 0.5, Mantel-Haenszel test). The authors discuss the strengths and limitations of their study and the implications of their results.
We report the results of a nonrandomized, matched-group, survival and visual preservation study of patients with a choroidal or ciliary body melanoma managed by microsurgical resection of the tumor versus cobalt-60 episcleral plaque radiotherapy. Each treatment group consisted of 30 patients. All patients were matched on a case-by-case basis in terms of tumor size (largest linear tumor dimension), location of the anterior tumor margin relative to the ora serrata, location of the posterior tumor margin relative to the equator, and age at the time of treatment. Although the estimated actuarial 5-year survival probability was slightly greater in the resection group (85.2%) than in the cobalt plaque group (81.8%), this difference was neither clinically impressive nor statistically significant. In contrast, there was a substantially higher rate of early posttreatment severe visual loss in the resection group (P = .0008, Mantel-Haenszel test).
Visual evoked cortical potentials (VECPs) to midperipheral stimulation of the visual field were elicited in age-matched groups of patients with unilateral chronic simple glaucoma or ocular hypertension and normal subjects. With a multimodal stimulus approach comprising transient and steady-state pattern reversal and transient onset-offset VECPs, 82.1% of the glaucoma group and 50.9% of the ocular hypertensives revealed significant abnormalities (p less than 0.01) in one or more of the electrophysiological features measured, i.e., latency, phase, amplitude, and contrast threshold.
The treatment process with two prototypic neuroleptics--haloperidol and chlorpromazine--and the nontherapeutic effects of trihexyphenidyl on this process were studied in carefully matched groups of ten schizophrenics each, using a "double-blind", repeated-measure, longitudinal research design. Measurements of various aspects of psychopathology, social participation and clinical indices of arousal were made periodically and objective test of cognition and attention were given. The two treatment groups were highly comparable in epidemiological and clinical terms and differed significantly during the baseline period in only one of the 39 parameters. Longitudinal nonparametric analyses showed that significant therepeutic changes tended to occur more quickly and involved a wider spectrum of schizophrenic phenomena with haloperidol than with chlorpromazine. Parametric analyses also indicated that at the completion of the study, haloperidol-treated patients had significant improvement in many more dimensions than the chlorpromazine-treated patients and that the changes with haloperidol were generally of greater magnitude. At the same time, chlorpromazine treatment seemed to be more susceptible to the antagonistic effects of trihexyphenidyl. No differential patterns of responses were noted for the two neuroleptics to provide any clinical validity to the distinction often made between "sedative" and "activating" neuroleptics. These data were in agreement with those from a previous comparative study which had a very different research design and a somewhat different type of schizophrenic population. The clinical and potency differences between the two neuroleptics were again explained on the basis of the fact that chlorpromazine has much stronger built-in anticholinergic properties, which may be acting in opposition to the antipsychotic activity. It was suggested that the degree of inherent anticholinergic activity may be an important determinant of potency differences among presently known neuroleptics. The possible role of cholinergic mechanisms in schizophrenia was discussed.
This paper compares attention deficit disorder (ADD) with hyperactivity (ADDH) and without hyperactivity (ADDWO). The literature is outlined, revealing the areas of possible differences to be not only the core symptoms, but also associated conduct and emotional symptoms, social relations functioning, learning, medical disorders, family history, and course and outcome of the disorder. Empirical data are presented comparing age and sex matched groups of children from a speech/language clinic sample with ADDH (N = 40) and ADDWO (N = 40). Although the methods of the present study are different from those of previous studies, they nonetheless support a number of previous findings, and, further, give support to the external validity of the ADDWO diagnostic category.
A young (X = 36.8 years) and an old (X = 52.9 years) group (n = 12) matched for physical fitness performed a graded exercise test at the beginning and after a 4-month physical fitness program consisting of calisthenics, jogging, and recreational activities. The purpose of the study was to determine if there were any differences in response to physical training in the two age groups of similar fitness. Sixteen physiological and four biochemical variables were measured. There was no significant difference in VO2 max between the young and old groups. Also, there were no significant differences between groups for serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose levels. The effects of the training program were similar for both the young and old groups.
35 out-patient Ss with demonstrable psychosomatic symptoms were matched with 35 psychiatric out-patients with "milder" forms of psychopathology, i.e., neurosis, personality disorders and latent schizophrenia. The psychosomatic group showed significantly more anatomy responses on the Rorschach but there was much overlap, leading to the conclusion that anatomy does not directly reflect simply psychosomatic disturbances but, rather, is associated with psychodynamics which tend to underlie psychosomatic illnesses.
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The AB0 distribution of the population of Vienna is compared with HLA A, B, C, DR typed transplanted patients (n = 780), kidney donors and potential recipients on the waiting list. The significant differences of AB0 distribution is caused by using group 0 kidney donors for non-0 recipients and donors of groups 0, A and B for group AB recipients. This procedure minimizes the chance of group 0 patients to receive transplants and should be kept in mind by the selection of DR compatible recipients. It is also known that group 0 grafts can develop immune anti A or anti B to the (non-group 0) host, resulting in destruction of the recipient's red cells. The development of such acquired haemolytic anaemia occurs with cyclosporin A medication for immunosuppression.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.