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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Dihydroagarofuran alkaloid and triterpenes from Maytenus heterophylla and Maytenus arbutifolia.

The antimicrobially active EtOH extracts of Maytenus heterophylla yielded a new dihydroagarofuran alkaloid,1beta-acetoxy-9alpha-benzoyloxy-2beta,6alpha-dinicotinoyloxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran, together with the known compounds beta-amyrin, maytenfolic acid, 3alpha-hydroxy-2-oxofriedelane-20alpha-carboxylic acid, lup-20(29)-ene-1beta,3beta-diol, (-)-4'-methylepigallocatechin, and (-)-epicatechin. In addition, beta-amyrin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-4'-methylepigallocatechin were isolated from Maytenus arbutifolia. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based primarily on 1D and 2D NMR analyses, including HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY correlations. Maytenfolic acid showed moderate antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Alkaloids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative chemical study of Maytenus ilicifolia mart. reiss and Maytenus robusta reiss (Celastraceae).

This work describes a comparative qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of Maytenus ilicifolia and Maytenus robusta (Celastraceae), extracts by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC), using external standards as the method of determination and thin layer chromatographic (TLC). The results show that both plants have a similar chromatographic profile. However, M. robusta exhibited about three times higher concentration of triterpene friedelin than M. ilicifolia.

Brazil↗

PubMed2001

Chemosensitization of a multidrug-resistant Leishmania tropica line by new sesquiterpenes from Maytenus magellanica and Maytenus chubutensis.

Parasite resistance to drugs has emerged as a major problem in current medicine, and therefore, there is great clinical interest in developing compounds that overcome these resistances. In an intensive study of South American medicinal plants, herein we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of dihydro-beta-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from the roots of Maytenus magellanica (1-14) and M. chubutensis (14-17). This type of natural products may be considered as privileged structures. The structures of 10 new compounds, 1, 3, 6-9, and12-15, were determined by means of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic studies, including homonuclear (COSY and ROESY) and heteronuclear correlation experiments (HMQC and HMBC). The absolute configurations of eight hetero- and homochromophoric compounds, 1, 3,6-9, 12, and 13, were determined by means of CD studies. Fourteen compounds, 1-3 and 6-16, have been tested on a multidrug-resistant Leishmania tropica line overexpressing a P-glycoprotein-like transporter to determine their ability to revert the resistance phenotype and to modulate intracellular drug accumulation. From this series, 1, 2, 3, 14, and 15 showed potent activity, 1 being the most active compound. The structure-activity relationships of the different compounds are discussed.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗

PubMed1994

Cytotoxic aromatic triterpenes from Maytenus ilicifolia and Maytenus chuchuhuasca.

The isolation and structure elucidation of four cytotoxic aromatic triterpenes [1-4] along with three known quinoid triterpenes [5-7] from the South American medicinal plants Maytenus ilicifolia and M. chuchuhuasca are described. The structures of these aromatic triterpenes contained aromatized A rings and C-6 oxygenated B rings, and were elucidated by 1H- and 13C-nmr spectroscopic studies and by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗

PubMed1990

[Investigating cytostatic substances in tissue of plants Maytenus Molina in in-vitro cultures. II. chromatographic test of extracts from callus of Maytenus wallichiana R. et B].

Maytenus wallichiana callus tissue was extracted. The extract was fractionated to achieve maytansine containing residue. In none of the fractions maytansine corresponding substance was found. However evaluation by Tetrahymena test indicated strong cytotoxicity (ID50 1.8 micrograms/cm3). Chromatography of biologically active fractions demonstrated the presence of colour chinone methide triterpenes (tingenone).

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1992

[Searching for cytostatic substances in plant tissue of Maytenus molina by in vitro culture. III. Release of substances from active biological fractions from the callus extract of Maytenus wallichiana R. and B].

Chromatographic studies controlled by biological evaluation (Tetrahymena test) showed some colour substances among them tingenone and beta-sitosterol. In order to identify the substances extraction and biologically controlled chromatography was carried out. Two substances were isolated, their properties corresponding with tingenone and beta-sitosterol.

Microbial Sensitivity Tests↗

PubMed2001

Isolation and HPLC quantitative analysis of flavonoid glycosides from Brazilian beverages (Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium).

Aqueous infusions of Brazilian Maytenus leaves are used as beverages, foodstuffs, and phytomedicines. Previously, we isolated two new flavonoid tetrasaccharides from the infusion of Maytenus aquifolium leaves that showed antiulcer activity. In this investigation a new flavonoid tetrasaccharide, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->6)-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3), was isolated, together with kaempferol tri- and disaccharides and quercetin trisaccharides from the aqueous infusion of Maytenus ilicifolia leaves. All structures were elucidated by ES-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. The quantitative analysis of the flavonoid glycosides from Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium has been performed by HPLC.

Beverages↗

PubMed2004

Evaluation of antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities of Maytenus ilicifolia.

Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) is a native plant from Tropical Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica, Brazil) called 'espinheira-santa'. This plant is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiulcerogenic. Many studies focusing pharmacological and toxicological aspects of the plant have been performed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy (anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities and protection against gastric lesions, including cytoprotection and healing) and phytochemical profile of hexane and ethylacetate extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia. Per os administration of these extracts inhibited nociception and formaldehyde-induced paw oedema in mice and carrageenin-induced paw oedema in rats. Severity of gastric lesions induced by cold-restraint stress (-18 degrees C for 45 min) method was also clearly reduced in rats considering both cytoprotection and healing aspects. Administration of the extracts led to volume gastric and pH increase. These results suggest that hexane and ethylacetate extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia may represent an important clinical alternative in anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic therapeutics, though, further experiments should be performed to confirm this assertion.

Analgesics↗

PubMed2003

Occurrence and non-detectability of maytansinoids in individual plants of the genera Maytenus and Putterlickia.

Individual plants belonging to different species of the family Celastraceae collected from their natural habitats in South Africa (Putterlickia verrucosa (E. Meyer ex Sonder) Szyszyl., Putterlickia pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl., Putterlickia retrospinosa van Wyk and Mostert) and Brazil (Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss., Maytenus evonymoides Reiss., Maytenus aquifolia Mart.) were investigated for the presence of maytansinoids and of maytansine, an ansamycin of high cytotoxic activity. Maytansinoids were not detectable in plants grown in Brazil. Analysis of plants growing in South Africa, however, showed clearly that maytansinoids were present in some individual plants but were not detectable in others. Molecular biological analysis of a Putterlickia verrucosa cell culture gave no evidence for the presence of the aminohydroxybenzoate synthase gene which is unique to the biosynthesis of aminohydroxybenzoate, a precursor of the ansamycins including maytansinoids. Moreover, this gene was not detectable in DNA extracted from the aerial parts of Putterlickia plants. In contrast, observations indicate that this gene may be present in microbes of the rhizosphere of Putterlickia plants. Our observations are discussed with respect to the possibility that the roots of Putterlickia plants may be associated with microorganisms which are responsible for the biosynthesis of maytansine or maytansinoids.

3-Deoxy-7-Phosphoheptulonate Synthase↗

PubMed2001

Antiulcerogenic and analgesic effects of Maytenus aquifolium, Sorocea bomplandii and Zolernia ilicifolia.

Maytenus aquifolium (Celastraceae), Sorocea bomplandii (Moraceae) and Zolernia ilicifolia (Fabaceae) are native plants from the Tropical Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica, Brazil) known as "espinheira-santa". These plants are traditionally used as analgesic and antiulcerogenic medicine, with the same traditional uses of the true "espinheira-santa" (Maytenus ilicifolia, Celastraceae), an efficient antiulcerogenic agent. Pharmacological and toxicological studies with these plants have not been carried out. The purpose in this study was to evaluate the efficacy (analgesic and antiulcerogenic activities), safety (acute toxicity) and quality (phytochemical profile) of these three plants. The analgesic effect was analyzed by writhing and tail flick tests, while antiulcerogenic effect was performed through ulcer induction by ethanol and indomethacin/bethanecol assays. LD(50) and acute toxic effects, as well as phytochemical profiles of all plants also were carried. Surprisingly, the three plants showed analgesic and antiulcerogenic effects at dose of 1000 mg/kg, v.o. Maytenus aquifolium lowering all ulcerogenic parameters (ethanol test), but increased the ulcerogenic effects in the indomethacin/bethanecol test. Sorocea bomplandii produced antiulcerogenic effects in both experimental models used, while Zolernia ilicifolia showed significant effects only in indomethacin/bethanecol-induced gastric lesions. Pre-treatment with Zolernia ilicifolia induced someone toxic effects. A phytochemical profile for each plant species was determined and its main chemical classes of compounds were described.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of aflatoxin contaminants in Maytenus ilicifolia by HPLC with fluorescence detection.

A method for the quantification of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2 and G2 in the medicinal herb Maytenus ilicifolia was developed and validated. The method used immunoaffinity columns for sample clean-up and HPLC with fluorescence detection without any derivatisation step. The method showed good inter-day accuracy (bias values in the range 4.5-10.7%) and precision (5-16% RSD) when applied to the determination of levels of aflatoxins ranging from 7 to 20 ppb in the plant material. The detection limits for samples of the plant material spiked with aflatoxins were 3.5 ng/g for B1 and G1 and 0.1 ng/g for B2 and G2. The method was successfully applied to commercial samples of Maytenus ilicifolia for the screening of aflatoxin contaminants.

Aflatoxins↗

PubMed2005

Activity of lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species as inhibitors of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2.

In the present study, we report that three new lupane triterpenes (1-3), in addition to 16 known ones (4-19), were isolated from the root bark of Maytenus cuzcoina and the leaves of Maytenus chiapensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis, including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC). The natural compounds and derivatives 6a, 6b, 9a, and 9b have been tested for potential anti-inflammatory activity, and several compounds including 3-epicalenduladiol (2), 11alpha-hydroxy-glochidone (3), rigidenol (6), acetoxy-rigidenol (6a), 11alpha-acetoxy-30-chloro-3-oxo-lup-20(29)-ene (6b), betulin (9), 28-acetoxy-betulin (9a), epibetulin (12), epibetulinic acid (13), and betulonic acid (16) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on NO and prostaglandin E(2) production in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) stimulated with bacterial endotoxin. The structure-activity relationship is discussed in detail.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Identification of flavonols in leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia and M. aquifolium (Celastraceae) by LC/UV/MS analysis.

A comparative analysis of the flavonoid components of the leaves of two medicinal plants known in Brazil as "espinheira santa", namely, Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss. and M. aquifolium Mart. (Celastraceae), and a hybrid plant, M. aquifoliumxM. ilicifolia, has been carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array UV detection and mass spectrometry. One methoxyflavonoid glycoside and 18 flavonol-3-O-glycosides were identified in the extracts on the basis of their on-line UV spectra (measured in the absence and presence of shift reagents) and multiple stage mass spectral data. Fingerprint analysis of the flavonoid extracts revealed significant differences in the profiles of the two Maytenus species, while the hybrid plant contained flavonoids found in both parent species.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed2005

Neuroleptic-like properties of the chloroform extract of Maytenus obtusifolia MART. roots.

The effects of the chloroform extract of Maytenus obtufisolia MART. roots on locomotor activity, catalepsy test, amphetamine-induced toxicity and active-avoidance test were studied. The results revealed that the extract caused a decrease in spontaneous activity and induced catalepsy in mice up to 240 min. The extract significantly protected the mice against amphetamine-induced toxicity and decreased the conditioned response in rats, in a dose-related manner. The results suggest that the chloroform extract of Maytenus obtusifolia MART. possesses neuroleptic-like properties.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Evaluation of the anti-ulcerogenic activity of a dry extract of Maytenus ilicifolia Martius ex. Reiss produced by a jet spouted bed dryer.

We undertook the present study to evaluate the activity of the dried extract of Maytenus ilicifolia against stomach ulcers and in the increase of the volume and pH of the gastric juice of Wistar rats, as a model to evaluate the viability of the Jet Spouted Bed Dryer for the production of dry-extracts of medicinal Brazilian plants. The extract was obtained from the drying of a hydro-alcoholic extract with drying aid (40% of colloidal SiO2 related to solid content in the concentrated extract, at a concentration of 15.82% in water). The drying conditions employed were: Temperature of the spouting gas 150 degrees C, feed flow-rate of hydro-alcoholic extract 16.0 g/min, feed flow rate of the spouting gas 1.67 m3/min and static bed height 7.0 cm. Wistar rats received three different doses (140, 280 and 420 mg/kg) of the dried extract by intraperitoneal way and, after 60 minutes, were immobilized with wire screen and placed at temperature of 4 degrees C for two hours (cold-restraint stress). The animals were sacrificed and the stomach removed, examined and the volume and pH of the gastric secretion determined. A significant reduction in the ulceration index, was observed as well as a significant increase of the volume and of the pH of the gastric secretion for all doses administered. This is an indication that the preparation of dried extracts by the Jet spouted bed technique does not alter the biological activity of Maytenus ilicifolia.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Antiulcer effectiveness of Maytenus aquifolium spray dried extract.

The antiulcer activity of Maytenus aquifolium spray dried extract was studied in rats. Ulcers were induced by means of three experimental models: acidified-ethanol, indomethacin and acute stress. The extract was found to have significant antiulcer activity against all the models studied. These results show that preparation of the extract by means of the spray dried technique does not alter the biological activity of Maytenus aquifolium.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Chuchuhuasha - a drug used in folk medicine in the Amazonian and Andean areas. A chemical study of Maytenus laevis.

In the high Amazonian basin a plant named chuchuasha, (or chuchuaso) is used in traditional medicine for several purposes in the form of an alcoholic extract. This plant, a Maytenus species, most probably Maytenus laevis, grows in the subandean region of the Amazonian basin (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia). Antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties were recently attributed to the extracts of the root bark of the plant. The composition of the extract of M. laevis from the Putumayo area of Colombia was studied in order to establish the active principle responsible for these activities. The presence of phenoldienones (tingenone, 22-hydroxytingenone), a catechin (4'-methyl-(-)-epigallocatechin) and proanthocyanidins (Ouratea-proanthocyanidins A and B) was established. The biological activities of these compounds confirm the properties of the extracts of the plant claimed by traditional medicine.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗

PubMed1991

Pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of two Maytenus species in laboratory animals.

Leaves of Maytenus species are used in the popular medicine of Brazil for their reported antacid and antiulcerogenic activity. The present work examined the effects of a boiling water extract of equal parts of M. aquifolium and M. ilicifolia leaves on acute administration in rats and mice, in an attempt to detect any general depressant, hypnotic, anticonvulsant and analgesic effects. General depressant and hypnotic effects were seen only after intraperitoneal administration. After chronic administration, the overall behavior of animals did not change and they continued to gain weight at the same rate as controls. Several biochemical and hematological parameters as well as pathological examination of different organs did not show any significant alterations after 3 months of treatment. A search for the potential effects of the extract on the fertility of female and male rats and on the course of pregnancy as well as a search for potential teratogenic effects did not reveal any significant differences from controls. Taken together, the results indicate that these Maytenus species may be safe for human use and deserve further investigation.

Analgesics↗