[Clinical practice and informatics: medical informatics understood by the clinician].
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Artificial Intelligence↗
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Results for “Medical Informatics”
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Preparing for change: concepts and education in medical informatics.
Medical informatics as a medical discipline has developed over the last decades in parallel with an even more amazing proliferative development in medicine. The question is raised whether this new science, based on formalized and methodological approaches, may contribute to the development of a general theory in medicine as a consequence of the recognition of the influence of control mechanisms and structured information in molecular biology. It is suggested that medical informatics dedicates research to problems 'inside medicine' and that curricula are developed which bring a basic understanding for medical informatics to the medical student. The following teaching is suggested: basic mandatory courses, electives and inclusions of aspect of medical informatics in the various parts of clinical teaching. The possibility is discussed that the resulting teaching approaches may also be used to convey knowledge in medicine: teaching concepts versus teaching details. Finally, a description of the functional topology of expert systems as they develop is attempted and brought into relation to the architecture of hospital information systems. The increasing importance of expert systems also raises the question of 'decisional trials' as verification procedures when these new tools enter medical practice.
Artificial Intelligence↗
Basic medical science education must include medical informatics.
Medical Informatics is the science and art of processing medical information. In this age of "Information Explosion" choosing the useful one is rather difficult, and there lies the scope of electronic database management. However, still many outstanding personnel related to the healthcare sector take pride in being "computer illiterate". The onus of the best use lies on the end-user health care providers only. Another term tele-health encompasses all the e-health and telemedicine services. Computer aided or assisted learning (CAL) is a computer based tutorial method that uses the computer to pose questions, provide remedial information and chart a student through a course. Now the emphasis in medical education, is on problem based learning (PBL) and there CAL could be of utmost help if used judiciously. Basic Medical Education and Research lays the foundation for advancing and applying proper healthcare delivery systems. There is no doubt that deep knowledge of anatomy is mandatory for successful surgery. Also, comprehensive knowledge of physiology is essential for grasping the principles of pathology and pharmacology adequately, to avoid incorrect and inadequate practice of medicine. Similarly, medical informatics is not just a subject to be learnt and forgotten after the first professional MBBS examination. The final aim of every student should not only be to become a good user but also an expert for advancing medical knowledge base through medical informatics. In view of the fast changing world of medical informatics, it is of utmost necessity to formulate a flexible syllabus rather than a rigid one.
Education, Medical↗
[Medical informatics. Duodecim medical informatics management group].
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Delivery of Health Care↗
Bridging theory and practice: cognitive science and medical informatics.
Medical informatics has experienced dramatic growth, both as an applied and as a research discipline in recent years. In this paper, we argue that there is a need to expand the research base to characterize the cognitive dimension of informatics. Theories and methods from cognitive science can provide an effective counterpart to traditional medical informatics in addressing issues of usability of the systems, the processing of information, and the training of physicians. In the first part of the paper, we address the problems inherent in applying basic theories to practice and suggest some potential solutions. The second section deals with epistemological issues that are fundamental to cognitive science research and medical informatics. We then discuss two areas of application of cognitive scientific theories and methods to medical informatics: cognitive evaluation of human computer interface and intelligent medical decision support systems. The paper addresses the progress that has been made thus far and discusses how future cognitive research can facilitate further growth in the development of these applications.
Artificial Intelligence↗
A systematic view on medical informatics.
Medical informatics is defined as the scientific discipline concerned with the systematic processing of data, information and knowledge in medicine and health care. The domain of medical informatics (including health informatics), its aim, methods and tools, and its relevance to other disciplines in medicine and health sciences are outlined. It is recognized that one of the major tasks of medical informatics is modelling processes. In this context, biological, communication, decision, engineering, educational, organizational and computational processes are distinguished and described.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Origins of medical informatics.
Medical informatics is a new knowledge domain of computer and information science, engineering and technology in all fields of health and medicine, including research, education and practice. Medical informatics has evolved over the past 30 years as medicine learned to exploit the extraordinary capabilities of the electronic digital computer to better meet its complex information needs. The first articles on this subject appeared in the 1950s, the number of publications rapidly increased in the 1960s and medical informatics was identified as a new specialty in the 1970s.
History, 20th Century↗
The National Library of Medicine and medical informatics.
Medical informatics attempts to provide the theoretic and scientific basis for the use of automated information systems in biomedicine. Even though a new field, its roots are in the 19th century. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) began classifying the medical literature and publishing the Index Medicus in 1897; in the early 1960s, the growth of the index gave rise to MEDLARS, the first successful, large-scale, computerized bibliographic system. In 1971, about the time MEDLARS evolved into a nationwide on-line retrieval system known as MEDLINE, a committee of the Association of American Medical Colleges published a report calling for the NLM to exert strong leadership in developing computer applications for information transfer in medicine. The NLM has sponsored several training and research programs in this area and is now developing the concept of "centers of excellence" in medical informatics. In addition, there are a number of current research and development activities within the NLM internal and extramural programs that may influence the progress of medical informatics.
History, 19th Century↗
Introducing medical students to medical informatics.
Medical informatics (MI) has been introduced to medical students in several countries. Before outlining a course plan it was necessary to conduct a survey on students' computer literacy. A questionnaire was designed for students, focusing on knowledge and previous computer experience. The questions reproduced a similar questionnaire submitted to medical students from North Carolina University in Chapel Hill (NCU). From the results it is clear that although almost 80% of students used computers, less than 30% used general purpose applications, and utilization of computer-aided search of databases or use in the laboratory was exceptional. Men reported more computer experience than women in each area investigated by our questionnaire but this did not appear to be related to academic performance, age or course. Our main objectives when planning an MI course were to give students a general overview of the medical applications of computers and instruct them in the use of computers in future medical practice. As our medical school uses both Apple Macintosh and IBM compatibles, we decided to provide students with basic knowledge of both. The programme was structured with a mix of theoretico-practical lectures and personalized practical sessions in the computer laboratory. As well as providing a basic overview of medical informatics, the course and computer laboratory were intended to encourage other areas of medicine to incorporate the computer into their teaching programmes.
Computer Literacy↗
Education of medical informatics at Medical Faculty of Sarajevo.
The medical informatics as the separate medical discipline very quickly gets developed, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In our country, the medical informatics is a separate subject for the last ten years, regarding to the Medical curriculum at the biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina is in accordance with the project of the education related to Bologna declaration and the project EURO MEDICINA. Last year the Chair of the Medical Informatics of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo celebrates ten years of its existence. The research was performed using the separate questionnaire patterns data carriers with the defined characteristics for the quality assessment of the performed course. The total attitude of the assessed students speaks about dominantly expressed satisfaction with the majority of the parameters that are important for assessment of the quality and the tuition contents which were evaluated during the questionnaire. The education in the field of the medical informatics is based at the concept which is used in the developed countries of the world, and according the recommendations of the working groups of the European and world association of the medical informatics. The theoretical and practical teaching and training performance in the wholeness is performed by use of the computer equipment, and the final knowledge check of the students also is performed using the Data Base Management System MSAccess specifically designed to cover full teaching and training material by using questions set in the data base which encircled nearly 1500 questions combinations. In this paper author presents ten years of experience of medical informatics education at biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
Actual problems in medical informatics.
Medical informatics has been the first science that connects all traditional medical disciplines, thanking to common information needs and requirements of these disciplines. Its goal is incorporating of information technology into medical praxis, getting medical professionals in touch with capabilities of computer technology and preparing the professionals for the future that belongs to more and more powerful computer technologies. Information as a "crucial" component of medicine is in the focus of each investigation. There are many problems that have to be solved through fundamental investigation: knowledge databases; knowledge structuring problems; joining the different kinds of knowledge; knowledge and representation of decision making process; medical concepts; integration and information and knowledge exchange; education of medical staff; structure and organisation. What kinds of management are the best for application in the field of medical informatics? What are the changes in organisation and structure when computer are used? How to connect education processes in clinical centres, libraries, clinical functions and investigations? In this article author discuss about the theoretical and practical part of the education process on biomedical faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, according to new curriculum.
Medical Informatics↗
Side effects and responsibility of medical informatics.
Medical informatics systems have the ultimate goal to improve the quality of health care. However, these systems have also the potential to compromise the quality of health care if they are misused, intrinsically faulty or entail unexpected side effects. The purpose of the paper is to discuss examples from the experience of the author, where well-intended medical informatic applications proved to have potentially harmful effects or side effects. It is argued that medical informaticians (MI) have an extended professional responsibility, which covers not only the state of the art technical planning, an implementation of information processing systems in medicine, but also the final result for the patient. In order to discuss professional duties of medical informaticians, a modification of the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice developed by ACM/IEEE is proposed as a guideline. For several examples, these guidelines are used to analyze possible actions and professional responsibility.
Delivery of Health Care↗
Health service production in the view of medical informatics.
Medical informatics aims to improve the process and the result of health care delivery, both in its theoretical and practical aspects through the application of formal methods and concepts of informatics and the utilization of up-to-date information and communication technology. As part of a theoretical framework this paper deals with the factors of production, the constitutive criteria and the formal aspects of health service production in the view of medical informatics.
Delivery of Health Care↗
The empirical object of medical informatics.
Medical informatics is the science of information processing and the creation of information processing systems in medicine and health care delivery. Its methodological approach is based on the area specific applicability of a multidisciplinary theory of engineering and managing computerized information systems related to its empirical object. This paper gives a systemic view of the health care system, representing the empirical object of medical informatics.
Decision Making↗
Impact of medical informatics on medical education.
In recent years, medical informatics has become a well-recognized branch of medicine. It is a multidisciplinary science that combines information technology and various specialties of medicine. The impact of medical informatics on medical education is advancing along with the rapid developments in computer science. Departments of medical informatics or similar divisions have appeared in schools of medicine in Taiwan in the past 5 years. At National Taiwan University College of Medicine, we offer curricula in basic computer concepts, network concepts, operating systems, word processing, database and data processing, computer media resources, multimedia computer statistics, intelligent health information systems, medical diagnostic support systems, and electronic medical record systems. Distance learning has also been favorably accepted on this campus. Recently, we proposed the concept of a virtual medical campus, which will break the physical barriers of time and space. We expect this revolution to influence every aspect of medicine, especially medical education.
Education, Medical↗
[Medical informatics].
Medical informatics is the discipline concerned with information and information streams in health care. The development of information technology has been intensified in recent years and is now influencing the international development within the health care sectors. During the coming decade, integrated hospital networks will supple communication within and between hospitals. New productivity measures useful in administrative planning are being developed. Patient data are being digitalized and stored electronically, and interactive media are implemented in education. Primarily, however, chip-based technologies find application in the evaluation of the increasing quantity of paraclinical data. Internationally product development and research are actively underway. The EEC has established development programmes specifically stimulating these activities. Is Denmark going to take an active part in this development, formalized frames are required.
Denmark↗
Contribution of EFMI to development of medical informatics. European Federation for Medical Informatics.
The European Federation for Medical Informatics has been established in 1976. At the MIE 96 it has celebrated the 20th anniversary of its existence. During these 20 years the number of number of national societies who became a member has been increased from 10 to 26 and nowadays is 29 not mentioning 2-3 applicants. The objectives of EFMI are: a) to advance international co-operation and dissemination of information, b) to promote research and development, c) to promote high standards in the application, d) to encourage high standards in education in this field. The achieve these goals EFMI organizes yearly European Congresses the MIE-s. Through its working groups contributes very well to the scientific development of medical informatics. The Working Group Chairmen regularly organizes tutorials workshops and many of them participate in teaching medical informatics in their homeland as well as on international courses. EFMI publishes scientific papers from its congresses in the Medical Informatics and in the International Journal of Medical Informatics. The most important meeting, however is the regular Council Meeting--twice a year--where council members can exchange opinions, have opportunity to discuss problems of medical informatics and last but not lease recently medical Inform-ETHICS. This Council is operating as a HUMAN-NET counterbalancing the dysinformations coming from the Internet.
Europe↗
Report of a Joint Working Conference on Medical Informatics. Assessment of medical informatics technology.
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Medical Informatics↗