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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Medical waste disposal. Medical Waste Committee (WT-3). Technical Council Air & Waste Management Association.

Medical (biomedical) wastes pose numerous potential health and safety hazards. In addition to their infectious and toxic characteristics, the highly variable and inconsistent nature of medical waste streams has increased public concern about storage, treatment, transportation, and ultimate disposal. In recent years, techniques have been developed to reduce human exposure to the toxic and infectious components of medical wastes. The most commonly used techniques include internal segregation, containment, and incineration. Other common techniques include grinding, shredding, and disinfection, e.g., autoclaving and chemical treatment followed by landfilling. Of all the available technologies for medical waste treatment and disposal, incineration has been found to be the most effective method overall for destroying infectious and toxic material, volume reduction, and weight reduction in the medical waste stream. Incineration destroys the broadest variety of medical waste constituents and can recover energy from the medical waste stream. Incineration also is an appropriate alternative to burial of human pathological remains.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Present state of the medical waste disposal industry. Self-regulation and trends of the industry for future].

After the "Waste Disposal Act" was revised in 1991, only some medical wastes were legally recognized as "infectious wastes". For that reason, the disposition of medical wastes has been formally regulated. Despite the revision in the law, the system of medical waste disposal from medical facilities discharging medical wastes and disposers receiving the waste, is clearly deficient. That system is formally well-regulated, but not substantial. Especially according to some actual reports, there are many confusing problems, for example, the licensing standards are unclear, the disposition method involves inadequate incineration and sterilization, and there is no plan for safe collection and safe transportation of medical wastes. The more seriously we consider adequate disposal methods for medical wastes, the more we realize how difficult it is to find a solution to these problems.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2005

A comparative study on the medical waste disposal in some hospitals in Alexandria.

Though healthcare services aim to reduce the health problems and prevent the potential risks to the health of the community. These services create wastes which are considered as hazardous materials due to the higher potential of infection and injury possessed by these wastes than any other type of waste. Healthcare waste management is an integral part of healthcare services, and can create harm through inadequate waste management; thus reducing the overall benefits provided by healthcare centers. In the current study, a survey for medical waste disposal was performed in order to examine the current status of medical waste disposal in some hospitals in Alexandria and to properly assess management of this type of hazardous waste. A questionnaire was designed for hospitals to assess the quantity of medical waste, collection, sorting, storage, transportation and way of final disposal. From the total waste generated by healthcare activities, almost 80% are waste similar to domestic waste. The remaining approximate of 20% is considered as hazardous waste. As Alexandria has about 3911 healthcare facilities providing medical services for people, a huge amount of medical waste are generated daily with about 208 tons generated per month. The results revealed that the most common problems associated with healthcare wastes are the absence of waste management, lack of awareness about their health hazards, insufficient financial and human resources for proper management, and poor control of waste disposal. The current situation of medical waste disposal in Alexandria is depending on incinerators. Some of these incinerators are not working anymore. Incinerations as a system is not accepted at the time being in most developed countries due to the risks associated with it and suitable substitution management system for medical waste disposal is now taking its place.

Egypt↗
PubMed1989

Up from the beach: medical waste disposal rules!

The recent incidents of floating debris, garbage, wood, and medical waste on our nation's beaches have focused public attention on waste management problems. The handling and disposal of solid waste remains a major unresolved national dilemma. Increased use of disposables by all consumers, including the medical profession, and the increasing costs of solid waste disposal options have aggravated the solid waste situation. Medical waste found on beaches in the summer of 1988 could have been generated by a number of sources, including illegal dumping; sewer overflow; storm water runoff; illegal drug users; and inadequate handling of solid waste at landfills and coastal transfer facilities, which receive waste from doctors' offices, laboratories, and even legitimate home users of syringes. As officials from New Jersey have determined, the beach garbage is no mystery. It's coming from you and me. In response to the perceived medical waste disposal problem, various state and federal agencies have adopted rules to regulate and control the disposal of medical waste. This article outlines the more significant rules that apply to medical waste.

Medical Waste↗
PubMed1997

[Medical waste disposal in private practice. Survey among a sample of general practitioners in Haute-Vienne].

The physicians are daily confronted to the problem of medical waste disposal. The risk for public health is low and particularly concerns the "sharps". This research has for objective the survey of factors influencing practices of liberal general practitioners in Haute-Vienne (France) about medical waste disposal. The chosen method is epidemiological survey through a questionnaire near a sample of 156 general practitioners. Most physicians declare practising medical waste selection and more than a half of them use appropriate disposal methods. But many physicians leave his waste during visits. The admission of the existence of a risk related to medical waste improves physicians' disposal practices (selection, appropriate disposal methods). The organization of training sessions meant for liberal health care workers and the setting of new methods of waste collecting may contribute to the improvement of physicians' practices in this field.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus by a medical waste disposal process using chlorine dioxide.

OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of a medical waste disposal process using chlorine dioxide to inactivate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). DESIGN: Stock HIV-1 (HTLV-IIIB strain) was treated with chlorine dioxide under the following settings: cell culture medium alone, culture medium with 25% blood, culture medium with medical supplies treated by the Condor machine (Winfield Environmental Corp., Escondido, CA). MT-2 cells in 96-well tissue culture plates were inoculated with serial tenfold dilutions of treated and untreated HIV-1. Cytopathic effect was read on day five, and the TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose) was calculated. RESULTS: Treatment of HIV-1 with chlorine dioxide in culture medium alone resulted in a 5.25 log10 reduction in TCID50. Treatment of HIV-1 with chlorine dioxide in the presence of 25% blood caused a 6.25 log10 reduction in HIV-1 infectivity. Treatment of HIV-1 with chlorine dioxide in the presence of medical supplies treated in the Condor machine resulted in a 4.75 log10 reduction in HIV infectivity. CONCLUSIONS: Chlorine dioxide inactivated HIV-1 in vitro. Chlorine dioxide inactivated HIV-1 in the presence of blood and in the presence of medical supplies under conditions that simulated the conditions existing in the Condor machine.

Blood↗
PubMed1978

Medical waste disposal: to burn or to landfill?

Conflicting regulations and varying definitions with regard to medical wastes and their disposal have long been a source of confusion for health care institutions attempting to resolve this problem. Presented for the interest of other concerned agencies are guidelines recently drafted by the task force on medical waste disposal of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene for the handling and disposal of medical wastes.

Facility Regulation and Control↗