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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1975

Splenomegaly, macrothombocytopenia and stomatocytosis in healthy Mediterranean subjects (splenomegaly in Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia).

Spleen size, stomatocytosis, macrothrombocytopenia, haemoglobin level, white cell count, and abdominal pain episodes were assessed in a coded study of healthy Mediterranean immigrants to Australia. Spleen size was estimated from a length measurement, L, on a standardized plain abdominal radiograph and expressed both as spleen weight and as a spleen length index, L/square root BSA; the platelet count and size parameters were determined electronically and the presence of stomatocytes was evaluated in stained blood films. In relation to 16 Northern European control women 12 of 25 Mediterranean women had radiographic splenomegaly, 10 had macrothrombocytopenia, 9 had stomatocytosis, but none had episodes of abdominal pain. The median spleen weights of the two groups were estimated as 157 and 247 g with ranges from percentile 2.3 to 97.7 of 75 to 328 and 112 to 669 g. Within the Mediterranean group splenomegaly correlated with macrothrombocytopenia (P less than 0.001) but not with stomatocytosis, haemoglobin values or white cell counts. Thus, mild splenomegaly may be expected in Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia, Mediterranean stomatocytosis appears unrelated, and all of these apparently benign anomalies may be incidental findings in patients from the Italian and Balkan peninsulas.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

HLA-B27-negative sacroiliitis: a manifestation of familial Mediterranean fever in childhood.

Familial Mediterranean fever is a polysystemic disease seen most frequently in persons of Mediterranean ancestry. Arthritis is one of the common manifestations. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic sacroiliitis have been reported in adults. We report on two children with familial Mediterranean fever with radiographic abnormalities similar to those described in adults. Although sacroiliitis is strongly correlated with the presence of HLA-B27 in most arthropathies, these children were HLA-B27-negative. The diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever was delayed in both patients because the association of sacroiliitis with familial Mediterranean fever in childhood was not recognized.

Arthritis↗

PubMed2026

ERGA-BGE reference genome of the Mediterranean monk seal ( Monachus monachus), an IUCN Vulnerable species.

The Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus, is the only pinniped that lives in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the rarest marine mammals in the world. The species was recently classified as "vulnerable" by the IUCN, considering an improvement in its overall status. However, the species' populations have undergone severe bottlenecks due to systematic persecution by humans over the past centuries. Today, the global population of M. monachus is estimated to be no more than 1,000 individuals. The Mediterranean monk seal is mainly using marine caves as resting and pupping sites. It is an opportunistic apex predator and as a result its role is considered important for maintaining the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Nowadays, the species is threatened mainly by the destruction of its habitat (due to coastal development, mass tourism, and pollution) and by the depletion of its prey due to overfishing. The Mediterranean monk seal is an emblematic species; its ecological importance and its vulnerable status render its protection and effective management necessary. The entirety of the genome sequence of a female specimen was assembled into 16 contiguous chromosomal pseudomolecules, one sex chromosome (X), and one mitochondrial genome. This chromosome-level assembly encompasses 2.4 Gb, composed of 316 contigs and 275 scaffolds, with contig and scaffold N50 values of 90.9 Mb and 157 Mb, respectively.

Biodiversity Genomics Europe↗

PubMed2025

Broad geographical circulation of a novel vesiculovirus in bats in the Mediterranean region.

Bats are the natural reservoirs for a variety of emerging and re-emerging viruses. Among them, rabies virus (genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae) is one of the first and most emblematic described in these animals. Since its first description, several new bat lyssaviruses have been regularly identified. In addition to lyssaviruses, other bat rhabdoviruses have also been discovered, including members of the genera Vesiculovirus, Ledantevirus and, more recently, Alphanemrhavirus and Tupavirus. However, the family Rhabdoviridae is one of the most abundant and diverse viral families, with 434 officially recognized species, divided into 5 subfamilies and 56 different genera. The number of rhabdoviruses associated with bats is therefore probably higher than that currently available. In this study, we first developed and validated a combined nested RT-qPCR technique (pan-rhabdo RT-nqPCR) dedicated to the broad detection of animal rhabdoviruses. After validation, this technique was used for a large retrospective screening of archival bat samples (n = 1962), including blood (n = 816), brain (n = 723) and oral swab (n = 423). These samples were collected from various bat species over a 12-year period (2007-2019) in 9 different countries in Europe and Africa. A total of 23 samples (1.2%) from bat species Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophus euryale and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum tested positive for rhabdovirus infection, including 17 (2.1%) blood and 6 (1.4%) oral swab samples, all collected from bats originating from the Mediterranean region. Complete virus genome sequences were obtained by next-generation sequencing for most of the positive samples. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of these sequences demonstrated that the virus isolates, named Mediterranean bat virus (MBV), were closely related and represented a new species, Mediterranean vesiculovirus, within the genus Vesiculovirus. MBV was more specifically related to other bat vesiculoviruses previously described from China and North America, together clustering into a distinct group of bat viruses within this genus. Interestingly, our results suggest that MBV is widespread, at least in the western part of the Mediterranean region, where it circulates in the blood of several bat species. These results expand the host range and viral diversity of bat vesiculoviruses, and pave the way for further studies to determine the transmission route and dissemination dynamics of these viruses in bat colonies, as well as to assess their potential threat to public health.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Dietary approaches for glycemic management in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review of Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Specific dietary approaches for better management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets for glycemic management in people with T1D. METHODS: We examined longitudinal studies (cohort studies and clinical trials) including individuals with T1D who followed low-carbohydrate diets (<26% calories from carbohydrates and/or <130 g of carbohydrates per day) and/or a Mediterranean diet, while hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and/or time in range (TIR) were measured. Additional eligibility criteria included publication in English and availability of a full-text primary research article. Non-longitudinal studies, abstracts, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Results were synthesized narratively, and the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool was used to assess article quality. RESULTS: A total of 565 studies were identified from PubMed, the Web of Science, and citation chasing. After removal of duplicates and further evaluation, 22 studies (6 cohort studies and 16 clinical trials; total n = 3284) were included in this review. The search was initially completed in May 2024, and updated February 2026. Low-carbohydrate diets were associated with better glycemic management when compared to usual diets or baseline glycemic parameters. Studies using CGM were overall underpowered. The impact of Mediterranean diets was less clear, but generally appeared to be less effective at improving glycemic management than low-carbohydrate diets. DISCUSSION: Although structured dietary interventions for T1D hold promise for improving glycemic outcomes, further research is needed to determine exactly which dietary intervention is most beneficial for this population. The evidence provided by included studies is limited by small sample sizes and short durations; better powered, longer-term studies are required to inform clinical recommendations.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia.

Platelet count, platelet size, and circulating platelet biomass concentration estimates made with an erythrocyte-calibrated electronic sizing system on EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples gave population medians and 95% ranges for 145 asymptomatic Mediterranean and 200 healthy Northern European subjects. The Mediterraneans had lower platelet counts [161,000 (89,000-290,000)/mul compared with 219,000 (148,000-323,000)/mul] and higher arithmetic mean volumes [17.8 (10.8-29.2) cu mum compared with 12.4 (9.9-15.6) cu mum], while the individual lognormal platelet size distribution profiles were comparable [geomatric standard deviations of 1.78 (1.60-1.98) against 1.70 (1.54-1.88)]; and the platelet biomass concentrations, given by count per microliter times mean volume times 10- minus 7 and expressed as a volumetric percentage of whole blood, were almost identical [0.286% (0.216%-0.379%) against 0.272% (0.201%-0.367%)]. Mediterranean macrothrombocytopenia is, therefore, considered a benign morphologic variant that requires differentiation from thrombocytopenias in which the circulating platelet biomass concentration is decreased.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977

Familial Mediterranean fever. Recent advances in pathogenesis and management.

The success of colchicine therapy in the management of familial Mediterranean fever has provided new direction to investigations into the pathogenesis of this disease. Examination of HLA antigen frequencies in 53 patients with familial Mediterranean fever and appropriate controls, as well as various immunologic studies have yielded no significant differences. However, B lymphocyte typing and assays for immune complexes, lymphokines and prostaglandins may be of potential interest. Preliminary studies indicate that leukocytes of patients with familial Mediterranean fever release increased amounts of lysozyme (P<0.01), when subjected to high temperatures, and of both lysozyme and myeloperoxidase at low osmotic concentrations. The known and potential effects of colchicine on leukocyte and cellular metabolism, and the current status of colchicine prophylaxis are reviewed. In patients receiving an optimum colchicine dose of 1.5 to 1.8 mg per day, side effects have been minimal and the frequency of attacks has been decreased significantly.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Lactose intolerance in the Lebanese population and in "Mediterranean lymphoma".

Lactose tolerance tests were performed on 75 healthy Lebanese volunteers, 12 patients with "Mediterranean lymphoma" and 15 American and West European Caucasians. Small intestinal biopsies were done on 10 intolerant and five tolerant subjects for histological evaluation and lactase assay. Lactose malabsorption was present in 78% of the Lebanese subjects, in all patients with Mediterranean lymphoma and in five of the 15 Caucasians. Two of the five intolerant Caucasians had giardiasis. There was no difference in the prevalence rate among the various Lebanese groups nor among males and females. Symptoms occurred in 91% of the 58 intolerant Lebanese subjects: diarrhea in 71%, abdominal distension in 67%, and cramps in 48%. The increased prevalence of lactose intolerance with Mediterranean lymphoma is probably secondary to the pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa and protein depletion.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

Historical introgression as a driver of diversification of diploid Picris (Compositae) in the Mediterranean Basin.

The Mediterranean Basin is recognized as one of the world's most prominent biodiversity hotspots, where past climatic changes have driven range shifts, secondary contact between populations, and gene exchange. This study investigates the impact of historical introgression on the diversification of diploid members of the genus Picris (Compositae). Using nuclear and plastid genome data obtained through the Hyb-Seq approach, we assess whether introgression contributed to the evolution of the Mediterranean Picris, potentially giving rise to multiple regional endemics. We also test whether introgression was associated with the transfer of traits such as life strategy and fruit morphology, which are involved in habitat-specific adaptation. Phylogenetic network analysis revealed two major introgression events that shaped evolutionary trajectories within the genus. The earliest and most complex events involved the Turkish endemic P. campylocarpa, which hybridized with the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the P. cyprica-P. pauciflora lineage and with the MRCA of the B1 subclade, comprising the P. hieracioides group and the P. scaberrima-P. strigosa lineage. The latter introgression preceded shifts from iteroparity to semelparity and from heterocarpy to homocarpy, ruling out an adaptive introgression origin for these traits. Nevertheless, all detected historical introgression events contributed to the diversification of diploid Picris taxa.

Diploidy↗

PubMed1978

Familial Mediterranean fever. A case report.

A case of familial Mediterranean fever in a young girl presented typical diagnostic dilemmas. Although intermittent proteinuria was noted, a rectal biopsy specimen failed to demonstrate the presence of amyloidosis. Treatment consisted of supportive therapy and colchicine, to which she responded. In a cosmopolitan population, familial Mediterranean fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin.

Child↗

PubMed1975

Studies in Mediterranean leishmaniasis. 3. The leishmanin skin test in kala-azar.

Leishmanin skin testing was carried out in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy, the site of an outbreak of kala-azar in 1971-72, and in Catania, Eastern Sicily an old endemic focus of Mediterranean kala-azar. Nearly all the people who had recovered from kala-azar in the past gave positive skin tests. Active cases of kala-azar gave negative tests. There was a higher proportion of positive reactors amongst the household contacts and neighbours of cases of kala-azar than among the general population. Age specific leishmanin rates showed an increasing positive rate with age in Catania, comparable to those found in endemic areas in Kenya, but in the Emilia-Romagna area all age groups showed a high positivity rate suggesting a simultaneous exposure to infection. The age specific rates from Catania suggest an interruption in transmission 20-30 years ago. The leishmanin skin test is a useful tool for the study of the epidemiology of Mediterranean kala-azar.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

Articular damage in familial Mediterranean fever. Report of four cases.

Four cases of familial Mediterranean fever have been reported in which the disease produced organic damage to a joint. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and family history and a typical course which included attacks of recurrent joint synovitis. The laboratory findings, while typical, were not specific. The main involvement was in the lower limbs. The findings at operation were of a non-specific synovitis with destruction of cartilage. It is emphasized that in the majority of cases of familial Mediterranean fever the joint involvement is transient and only uncommonly does damage to the joint become permanent. The fact that organic joint damage occurs is not widely recognized, which is the reason for our report of these four cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Mediterranean nutrition: a model for the world?].

The protection of Mediterranean populations against ischaemic heart disease has been recognised ever since the "Seven Countries" Study by Keys. It is probably related to the life style and, in particular, to the dietary habits of these populations. The Mediterranean diet is characterised by a certain frugality, a low intake of saturated animal fats contrasting with a high but reasonable intake of mono or polyunsaturated fatty acids, slow carbohydrates, fresh vegetables rich in antioxidating vitamins, fish and wine. These dietary habits have been shown to improve the lipid profile (not only lowering LDL-cholesterol but also raising the HDL-cholesterol), platelet activity and to reduce the phenomena of lipoperoxidation. The roles played by garlic and onions are controversial. Nevertheless, at pharmacological dosages, they have cholesterol lowering, fibrinolytic and antiaggregant effects. These dietary habits, which have been proved to be beneficial, should therefore be preserved in our country.

Allium↗

PubMed1979

Quantitative studies of Hb Bart's levels and red cell indices in alpha thalassaemia trait in Mediterraneans.

Haemoglobin Bart's was detected and quantitated in 42 babies during a survey of cord blood from neonates of Mediterranean origin. The distribution of Hb Bart's levels for the group appeared to be bi-modal, with modes at 2.0% and 5.5%. Haematological data obtained from 21 babies during the first week of life showed a highly significant reduction in average MCV (86.3 +/- 7.7 fl) and MCH (27.8 +/- 6.0 pg) in comparison with a control group of babies. However, there was no significant correlation between these parameters and Hb Bart's levels. Haematological data were available on 57 parents of the Hb Bart's babies and HbH preparations were positive in 28 cases (49%). Examination of red cell indices showed a highly significant reduction in the average MCV and MCH of parents with positive HbH preparations, and a diagnosis of alpha-thalassaemia (based on the presence of HbH inclusion bodies and reductions in MCV and/or MCH) was made in at least one parent in the majority of couples with both partners tested, suggesting that alpha-thalassaemia trait in people of Mediterranean origin is generally associated with detectable haematological changes.

Cyprus↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Attraction of ethyl ether extracts of 232 botanicals to oriental fruit flies, melon flies, and Mediterranean fruit flies.

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, and the oriental fruit fly, D. dorsalis Hendel, three Hawaiian tephritids of economic importance, were exposed to traps each containing one of 232 ethyl ether extracts of air-dried botanicals. The principal concern was to establish which extracts were attractive judged on the basis of an index determined by the number of times more flies were attracted to the trap baited with water and extract than were attracted to traps baited with water only. Female Mediterranean fruit flies were attracted to 61 extracts and melon fly females to 31 extracts. Female oriental fruit flies were not much attracted. Many extracts were attractive to males of the three species. The extract of Coffea robusta Linden (Family Rubiaceae) was the only material attractive to both sexes of all three species.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Platelet formation in Mediterranean macrothrombocytosis.

Platelet size distribution and survival parameters were studied in control subjects and ten subjects presenting Mediterranean macrothrombocytosis. The comparison showed that the latter group maintains a normal platelet circulating mass (thrombocytocrit) by combining normal platelet survival, increased splenic pooling and production of a reduced number of greatly enlarged cells. In addition to offering new insight into the megakaryocytic mechanisms that determine platelet size, the study of Mediterranean macrothrombocytosis indicates that platelet size distributions and survival parameters should be integrated in order to provide a meaningful picture of human platelet kinetics.

Africa, Northern↗

PubMed1976

[Ethology of the Mediterranean blenny Blennius rouxi Cocco 1833].

The Mediterranean blenny Blennius rouxi has been studied mainly in the Banyuls-sur-Mer region. Data on its behaviour have been obtained by skin diving, SCUBA diving and observations in captivity. At Banyuls-sur-Mer Blennius rouxi lives at a depth of 1 to 42m. As an exception among Mediterranean blennies, Bl. rouxi feeds by grazing off the substrate. Algae, sponges and polychaetes (Sedentaria) are the main components of its food (HEYMER and ZANDER, in press). We could not confirm that the colouration, a white body with a conspicuous dark horizontal band, can be regarded as a signal of cleaning activity in statu nascendi. The male male have a spatial territory in which they occupy haptic holes. The female female lead a vagabond life and actively join the male male in their territories during the breeding season. Head nodding is an agonistic behaviour against other female female and has an attractive significance for spawning-motivated female female. The male male threaten with a widely opened mouth (threat yawning). Our data and observations on the ethology of Bl. rouxi are discussed and compared with those known of Bl. sphinx, Bl. incognitus, and Bl. zvonimiri, its nearest relatives.

Agonistic Behavior↗

PubMed2026

Multi-Omic Insights Into Mediterranean Diet-Associated Microbiota.

This study aimed to evaluate the gut microbiota and mycobiota composition, depending on the Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence, using metataxonomics. Combining metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, we also investigate the gene expression level in the bacterial community. Two groups of healthy subjects greatly differing in adherence were selected. Significant differences in microbiota composition were observed between individuals with high adherence (HAMD; mean 10.5 +/- 0.9 points) and low adherence (LAMD; 5.23 +/- 83 points). Notably, the olive oil, vegetable, and fruit consumption presented an important discriminant power between groups. Saccharomyces, Penicillium, and Candida were the most abundant genera. Mycobiota richness was higher in LAMD than in HAMD. Aspergillus was identified as a biomarker for LAMD, whereas Yarrowia, a potential probiotic, was a biomarker for HAMD. Metatranscriptomics indicated that Bacillota was the most metabolically active phylum in the gut microbiota. The low-abundant genus, Methanobrevibacter, showed high transcriptional activity, contributing to the crucial methanogenesis process. Gene expression analyses further highlighted functional differences. Overall, HAMD microbiota presented increased metabolic activity, protein synthesis, and cellular mobility. Overexpression of flagellin and urease genes may enhance immune response in HAMD. Further metatranscriptomic studies are necessary to deepen our understanding of intestinal microbiota transcriptional programs and their interactions with the diet and human health.

Humans↗