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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Congenital color vision disorders in persons with mental disorders].

Colour vision was studied in 3000 mental patients (2000 males and 1000 females) with different diseases by means of polychromatic tables and a spectral anomaloscope AH-59. It was established that the frequency of genetically determined pathology of colour vision in patients (9,3% in males and 08,% in females) is similar to the pathology found in the general population and does not depend upon the clinical diagnosis. At the same time there was a large amount of patients with acquired disorders to colour perception (30% of the general pathology of colour vision).

Color Vision Defects↗
PubMed1977

New ideas on mental disorders.

Three types of mental disorder, based on libido-destrudo balances are introduced: (1) Hyperinstrumental-narcissistic type, or psychopathic type with destrudo object hypercathexis; (2) Dysmutual-cyclic type with libido-destrudo shifting cathexis; (3) Hypervectorial-schizotype with object hypercathexis of libido. Five levels of regression: neurosis, character neurosis, latent psychosis, psychosis, and dementia are linked to declining ego strength.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2025

Mendel randomization confirmed gastroesophageal reflux disease may increase the risk of mental disorders.

BACKGROUND: The potential causal relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and mental disorder was analyzed using the mendelian randomization (MR) method. METHODS: Data are derived from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data, using gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as the exposure factor. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with GERD were selected as instrumental variables (IVs), and mental disorders (bipolar disorder, major depression, Alzheimer's disease, anorexia nervosa, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder) were used as outcome variables. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method is used as the main analysis method, and MR-Egger regression, weighted median (WM) method, simple mode and weighted mode are used as supplementary methods for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Cochran's Q&#xa0;test and P&#xa0;value are used to quantify heterogeneity, MR-Egger regression was used to evaluate the multilevel effect test of SNPs, and leave-one-out method to determine whether there are potential SNPs, and to evaluate the stability of the results. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as effect indicators to evaluate whether there is a&#xa0;causal relationship between GERD and mental disorders. RESULTS: IVW demonstrated a&#xa0;causal relationship between GERD and bipolar disorder (OR&#x202f;=&#x2009;1.70, 95%CI&#x202f;=&#x2009;1.39-2.09, P&#x202f;<&#x2009;0.05) and anorexia nervosa (OR&#x202f;=&#x2009;0.71, 95%CI&#x202f;=&#x2009;0.52-0.99, P&#x202f;<&#x2009;0.05). Furthermore, there is a&#xa0;weak causal relationship between GERD and major depression (OR&#x202f;=&#x2009;1.01, 95%CI&#x202f;=&#x2009;1.01-1.02, P&#x202f;<&#x2009;0.05) and anxiety (OR&#x202f;=&#x2009;1.01, 95%CI&#x202f;=&#x2009;1.01-1.01, P&#x202f;<&#x2009;0.05). Similarly, there is no evidence of a&#xa0;causal relationship between GERD and Alzheimer's disease (OR&#x202f;=&#x2009;0.95, 95%CI&#x202f;=&#x2009;0.87-1.03, P&#x202f;>&#x2009;0.05) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR&#x202f;=&#x2009;0.95, 95%CI&#x202f;=&#x2009;0.67-1.36, P&#x202f;>&#x2009;0.05). Cochran's Q&#xa0;test for heterogeneity shows that there is no significant heterogeneity (P&#x202f;>&#x2009;0.05) for bipolar disorder, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, major depression, Alzheimer's disease, and anorexia nervosa have some degree of heterogeneity (P&#x202f;<&#x2009;0.05). Horizontal pleiotropic analysis showed that the P&#xa0;values for six mental disorders (0.750, 0.296, 0.154, 0.798, 0.893, 0.451) were all greater than 0.05. Leave-one-out analysis and funnel plot showed that MR analysis results can be considered relatively stable. All F are >&#x2009;10, indicating no weak IVs bias. CONCLUSION: GERD can obviously increase the risk of bipolar disorder; the increased risk of anxiety disorder is very slight. There is no clear evidence to support the causal relationship between GERD and four other mental disorders, including major depression, Alzheimer's disease, anorexia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Severe mental disorders after prolonged post-traumatic coma].

Using observation in a number of patients with severe closed head injuries followed by prolonged coma and of which three are reported in detail, the authors present an analysis of the resulting psychiatric problems. After a brief review of the literature they suggest a central psychopathological "core" common to such head injuries beneath their seemingly diverse symptomatology. This "core" seems to be built up around the following disturbances: 1) Memory disorders; 2) Perceptual problems and difficulties with the association of ideas; 3) Excessive tiredness and concomitant reduction in the powers of concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Initial mental disorders in rheumatism].

The paper deals with 11 cases of mental disorders appearing during the initial phases of rheumatism. Their duration and psychopathological traits were related to the development acuity and expressiveness of the clinical picture of rheumatism. The author indicates special traits of mental disorders in latent rheumatism, the beginning of which are at times difficult to estimate. Factors promoting the appearance of relapses of mental disorders are being evaluated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental disorders in ulcerative colitis: suicide, divorce, psychosis, hospitalization for mental disease, alcoholism, and consumption of psychotropic drugs in 178 patients subjected to colectomy.

The population in the Nordic countries is relatively homogenous. In 178 Norwegian patients subjected to colectomy for ulcerative colitis the frequencies of suicide, divorce, psychosis, and hospitalization for mental disorders, and consumption of psychotropic drugs, did not differ significantly from corresponding frequencies in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of mental disorders in Tuscany: a community study in Lari (Pisa).

A number of population studies of mental disorders has been carried out using standardized diagnostic tools. We performed a study of this type in the small town of Lari (Pisa) with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of mental disorders, including "minor" disorders, and of comparing our estimates with similar studies carried out in UK and Greece using identical methods (PSE-IX and CATEGO). The prevalence of individuals with mental disorders in our study population was 15.4% similar to that observed in Greece (16%) and higher than that observed in London (10%). Prevalence of "obsessive neurosis" was higher in London as compared to Lari and Athens, while the opposite was true for "generalized anxiety".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Genetic epidemiology and the prevention of functional mental disorders and alcoholism: family study and biological predictors.

1. This review intends to present some theoretical and practical considerations which appear essential for the development of rational research strategies in the field of primary and secondary prevention of mental disorders and alcoholism. 2. The various advances and trends regarding the nosology and diagnosis of these disorders are discussed. Integrative epidemiological models for relating the multifactorial causation and the heterogeneity (multidimensionality) of these disorders are presented. 3. It is emphasized that alcoholism and the functional mental disorders occur in families as shown by (i) the increased incidence of these disorders among relatives and (ii) the existence of various clinical categories genetically associated. 4. Current methodology in clinical diagnosis and genetic epidemiology represent powerful procedures for typing and subtyping of these disorders. Family studies could identify more homogeneous subgroups and generate hypotheses as to the mode of transmission of mental disorders and alcoholism. 5. Real progress could be made in prevention only if the search for predictors is carried out in homogeneous subgroups. 6. There is a lack of knowledge regarding biological predictors. An urgent need for association studies and linkage analysis should be carried out in order to identify genetic markers (causal relationship) and chromosomal markers. These could provide for the specification of a constellation of markers and the development of appropriate tests to identify subjects at risk likely to develop alcoholism and mental disorders. 7. The immediate issues in secondary prevention and the later outcomes in primary prevention are outlined.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1976

[Dynamics of mental disorders in poisoning with hypnotic and sedative preparations].

In order to study some mental disorders due to poisoning by sleeping and sedative drugs 258 patients with mental and boderline conditions (who had taken these drugs in toxic doses) were studied in the Sklifosovskiy Moscow Research Institute of Emergency Medical Aid. The revealed mental disorders on different stages of poisoning were less differentiated in the acute period (clouded consciousness, coma) and most diverse in pre- and postcomatose stages, where they were characterized by disturbed consciousness, hallucinatory and delusional experiences, epileptiformal syndromes, emotional, motor and other disturbances. The symptomatology depended upon the type of medical drug, intensity of medical procedures, the mental or boderline disease itself which influences the clinical picture of every stage of the intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Some perspectives on the role of biostatistics and epidemiology in the prevention and control of mental disorders.

The paper reviews progress made in the past 30 years in the development of statistical and epidemiological methods in the mental health field. Applications have included determinations of need for psychiatric care and supporting personnel; interpretation of morbidity indices, and cross-national comparisons of diagnoses of mental disorders. Much remains to be done. Progress would include better measurement of incidence, duration, and prevalence of mental disorders; more precise estimates of service needs; more effective programs to prevent or reduce disability. Particularly needed are field-research units under long-term funding with the task of assessing effectiveness of mental health programs at the catchment-area level.

Classification↗