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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cluster analysis of the metastatic patterns of human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a pleomorphic spindle cell lesion whose incidence has markedly increased among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially among those whose primary risk factor is homo/bisexual transmission. The question as to whether KS is even a true neoplasm still remains largely unsettled due to the body of epidemiologic and histologic evidence suggesting an infectious etiology of the lesion. Accordingly, very few studies have been published regarding systemic distribution or patterns of metastatic progression of the lesion. In the past, such studies have been primarily hampered by inadequate sampling of different tissue specimens and by the lack of a method whereby the data could be rationally interpreted. In the present study we have reviewed the clinical and pathologic features of 169 autopsied patients with either documented HIV infection or the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, among whom 28 patients were found to have KS. Using cluster analysis, we constructed a novel data structure, called a "dendrogram," whereby patterns of metastasis could be examined. Our results show at least three patterns of metastasis of the lesions, predominantly involving the skin, upper gastrointestinal tract, or midgastrointestinal tract, within this cohort of autopsied patients. These three patterns suggest that there is no single pathogenetic mechanism in the acquisition and dissemination of HIV-associated KS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Comments on hematogenous metastatic patterns in humans as revealed by autopsy.

An attempt is made to clarify some general concepts of hematogenous metastatic patterns in humans, by the use of autopsy data. The significance and problems associated with 'false negative' reports are assessed. By the use of metastatic efficiency indices in which the incidence of specific target organ involvement is related to organ blood-flow, 'seed-and-soil' effects are discriminated from the effects of differential cancer cell delivery. An analysis of autopsy data from cases with a history of colorectal carcinoma is used to illustrate the importance of metastasis from metastases in the genesis of hematogenous metastatic patterns in humans.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1991

Metastatic pattern of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: an autopsy study.

We analyzed the autopsy records and autopsy histological slides of 261 patients with breast carcinoma who died at the Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, from January 1972 to October 1989, with particular attention to the metastatic pattern of infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) which we compared with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). In 226 of 261 patients who died with metastatic disease there were 25 cases of ILC, 195 cases of IDC, 4 cases of mixed IDC-ILC, and 2 cases of mucinous carcinoma. There was no statistically significant difference in frequency of metastases to common metastatic sites, such as the liver, bone, and pleura, with the exception of the lungs, in which IDC metastases prevailed (P less than 0.006). By contrast, a statistically highly significant prevalence of ILC metastases to the peritoneum/retroperitoneum, hollow viscera, internal genital organs, leptomeninges, and myocardium was found (P values of less than 0.006- less than 10(-6). The metastases to these sites were characterized by diffuse growth of neoplastic cells that infiltrated in a lymphoma or leukemia-like fashion. Such metastases may remain clinically silent for a long time, in spite of their extensiveness. The difference of metastatic pattern between ILC and IDC is insufficiently appreciated in most of the published studies on ILC.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1976

Metastatic patterns of cancers of the lymphopoietic system in man.

Autopsy records are analyzed for 358 patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphocytic lymphosarcoma, or Hodgkin's disease. These records belong to a series of 4,728 autopsy records collected by the Department of Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1957 through 1965. This paper analyzes the distribution of metastases at specific sites in 3 malignant lymphomas. The concept of soil specificity is discussed in connection with the excess of metastases at specific sites. Soil specificity is defined as a higher than expected occurrence of metastases due to a cancer in an organ when compared to other similar primary cancers. In some instances, however, the excess of metastases in a specific site was sometimes also related to the site of origin of a malignant lymphoma. Entire series of organs located either in the abdomen or pelvis showed metastatic patterns which were very likely related to the primary sites of origin. The metastatic patterns of lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma appeared to be markedly different from those of Hodgkin's disease. Reticulum cell and lymphocytic lymphosarcomas were not only more widespread than Hodgkin's disease, but the patterns of abdominal and pelvic metastases strongly suggested either their multifocal origin or a different sequence of events in the seeding of lymph node areas, as compared to those of Hodgkin's disease. The relationship between the degree of anaplasia of certain lymphomas and blood-borne metastases is discussed.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1975

The role of the spleen and immunity in the metastatic pattern of a murine reticulum cell sarcoma.

A reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) which initially metastasizes selectively to the spleen in C3H/HeN mice has been studied. Previous reports indicated that removal of the spleen results in widespread metastases of this tumor. The current experiments utilized a parabiotic system to determine the effect of additional splenic tissue on the gross and microscopic metastatic pattern of this RCS. The results were that the addition of a second spleen in the parabiotic group was followed by a significant decrease in visceral metastases compared with the splenectomized group. Parabiotic animals with splenectomized partners and sham-operated animals did not significantly differ from control (single) animals, with all three of these groups showing visceral metastatic spread intermediate between the parabiotic and splenectomized groups. The protective effect of additional spleen against visceral metastases was found not to be immunologic, since immunosuppression of mice by irradiation produced a metastatic pattern similar to that of control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of lymph node metastatic pattern in relation to prognosis and recurrence in pN2 resected lung cancer patients].

Lymph node metastasis was analyzed quantitatively with 4 categories and relation to post surgical survival and recurrence pattern was studied in patients with pN2 primary lung cancer who underwent relatively curative or relatively noncurative resection of the tumors. There was no relation between metastatic coefficient and post surgical survival, however, better survival was observed when the metastatic ratio and metastatic frequency were low and metastatic mode was random or skip pattern rather than sequential pattern. Metastatic coefficient and metastatic frequency were higher in cases with recurrence in lymph nodes but the former was lower and the latter was higher in cases with recurrence in intra-pulmonary dissemination or metastasis. There was no relation between metastatic coefficient and distant metastasis but metastatic frequency was lower in cases with recurrence in distant metastasis. Cases with sequential lymph node metastasis showed a tendency of lymph node recurrence and intrapulmonary metastasis and those with random or skip metastasis of lymph nodes had a tendency of distant metastasis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of the clinical metastatic patterns of invasive lobular and ductal carcinomas of the breast.

Seventy seven patients with metastases from an invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast have been compared with 72 consecutive metastatic ductal carcinomas. There was no difference in the metastatic free interval between the two groups. A distinct pattern of clinical presentation of metastases was seen; hepatic (P = 0.01) and peritoneal metastases (P = 0.0003) occurred more commonly in lobular tumours. Bilateral cancers were more common in the lobular group (P = 0.01). No difference was seen in terms of meningeal and pulmonary metastases. Survival after metastases was significantly longer in patients with metastatic lobular carcinoma (P = 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Role of immune mechanisms in metastatic patterns of hemopoietic tumors in rats.

Two hemopoietic tumors induced in rats by Gross leukemia virus and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, respectively, display distinctive and consistent patterns of metastases, the former in the thymus and lymph nodes, the latter in the liver and spleen. To investigate the role of circulatory anatomy in the localization of metastases, 51Cr-labeled cells were injected i.v., and their distribution was followed at various intervals. To explore the influence of immune mechanisms, Gross leukemia virus- and dimethylbenza(a)anthracene-induced leukemic cells as well as a line of antigenically modulated cells were administered to newborn, X-irradiated, and immunologically unresponsive recipients. The circulation of tumor cells through various organs was indiscriminate. The immune response of the host was operative in limiting the local and metastatic tumor growth but not in determining the site of secondary tumors. The conclusion of these experiments was that the selective organ distribution of tumor metastases was solely dependent on intrinsic cellular properties.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1975

The metastatic patterns of osteosarcoma.

The paper presents a detailed comparison of the anatomical distribution and frequency of clinically evident metastases in 152 cases of osteosarcoma, and autopsy findings in 43 cases. The behaviour of long bone tumours is contrasted with those arising elsewhere, which tend to metastasize less widely because of early death from effects of the primary tumour. In both clinical and autopsy series long bone tumours produced lung metastases (LM) in over 90% of patients dying with metastases, but the terminal frequency of extra-pulmonary metastases (EPM) rises from a clinical level of 33% to 83% at autopsy. There was little difference between tumours of the major long bones in the frequency of either LM or EPM, but EPM from the humerus tended to be fewer and sited above the diaphragm and from the femur below it. EPM most often involved other bones, notably vertebrae and pelvis. Not more than 10% of tumours invaded regional lymph nodes but terminally a quarter of the long bone tumours had metastasized to heart and abdomen. The infrequency of metastases in muscle was confirmed. The median time for LM was 5-6 months after starting treatment, for EPM 9-10. months. First metastases after 24 months were infrequent, especially in children. With delay in the appearance of metastases, whether LM or EPM, post-metastatic survival lengthened. Neither age, sex nor mode of treatment of the primary notably affected metastatic frequency, although recurrences were much more numerous when radiotherapy, even with high dosage, was the definitive treatment. Local recurrence usually appeared within 6-8 months and was shown to lead to increased frequency of osseous metastases. It is suggested that terminal dissemination may often be tertiary but not always from a pulmonary secondary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

An autopsy study of the metastatic patterns of human leukemias.

This paper analyses the distribution of metastases at every site of the human body in acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic, acute myeblastic and chronic myelocytic leukemias in patients that come to autopsy. It appeared that the 4 types of leukemia had a similar seeding frequency of the skin, breast, trachea, diaphragm and all other muscles. The highest incidence of metastases was found in the lymphatic system (i.e. all lymph-nodes and spleen). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed an excess of metastases in the major blood vessels, pleura, large intestines, extrahepatic biliary tract, ureters, prostate, cervix uteri, central nervous system, thymus, ovaries and pituitary. The excess of metastases at specific sites did not cluster either in topographical areas or in anatomical systems, with the exception of metastases in the central nervous and endocrine systems (acute lymphoblastic leukemia). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed an excess of metastases in all lymph nodes, kidney, adrenals and heart. A lymphatic route of dissemination, as opposed to a blood-borne spread of malignant cells, was hypothesised to account for the excess of metastases in the above mentioned organs in patients affected with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Soil specificity with the degree of anaplasia of leukemic cells may account for the higher than expected occurrence of metastases in a given organ, for a specific leukemia. This remark holds true particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1978

Effect of primary treatment modality on the metastatic pattern of mammary carcinoma.

In animal tumor systems, all three major treatment modalities, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, may increase the incidence of metastases in the presence of circulating viable tumor cells. In breast cancer patients, selected studies can be found which report an increased incidence of metastases after surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, but these effects appear to exert little influence on overall survival. Caution is advised in using systemic therapy prior to effective primary tumor cytoreductive treatment. Clinical trials in advanced local disease should be done to test this concern. Minimal surgery, loco-regional radiotherapy, and effective adjuvant systemic therapy may result in the improved survival of patients with breast cancer with minimal functional or cosmetic impairment.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Distribution pattern of metastatic bone disease. A need for total body skeletal image.

Distribution patterns of metastatic bone disease in 62 patients with soft-tissue cancers showed that 60% of bone lesions were located in the axial and 40% in the appendicular skeleton. Thirteen percent of the lesions were in appendicular regions not usually included in routine imaging studies. The majority of the metastatic skeletal lesions were clinically asymptomatic. The serum alkaline phosphatase level is a poor indicator of early bone metastases.

Adult↗