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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Eight new species of the genus Micromonospora, Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov. Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov.

A previous phylogenetic study on type strains of the genus Micromonospora and Micromonospora species bearing non-validly published names has pointed towards the species status of several of latter strains. Subsequent studies on morphological, cultural, chemotaxonomic, metabolic, and genomic properties, and on whole cell mass spectrometric analyses by matrix adsorbed laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) confirmed the species status, leading to the proposal of eight new Micromonospora species: Micromonospora citrea sp. nov., type strain DSM 43903T, Micromonospora echinaurantiaca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43904T, Micromonospora echinofusca sp. nov., type strain DSM 43913T, Micromonospora fulviviridis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43906T, Micromonospora inyonensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 46123T, Micromonospora peucetia sp. nov., type strain DSM 43363T, Micromonospora sagamiensis sp. nov., type strain DSM 43912T and Micromonospora viridifaciens sp. nov., type strain DSM 43909T.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed2004

Cryptoendolithic actinomycetes from antarctic sandstone rock samples: Micromonospora endolithica sp. nov. and two isolates related to Micromonospora coerulea Jensen 1932.

Three cryptoendolithic, aerobic actinomycetes (AA-459T, AA-319 and AA-321) from antarctic sandstone were characterised phenotypically and by molecular taxonomic methods. The isolates had single spores on substrate mycelium, meso-diaminopimelic acid (m-DAP) and glycine (cell wall type II), a whole cell sugar pattern D (galactose, xylose, arabinose, glucose or rhamnose) and phospholipids of type PII (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol). Their predominant fatty acids were iso-16:0 and iso-15:0 or 17:1omega8c, the menaquinone profile was complex with mainly MK10 (H4) and MK10 (H6). A wide variety of sugars and several acids were utilised for growth. The isolates were sensitive to a few antibiotics, but formation and excretion of antibiotics was not observed. Phenotypically, isolates AA-319 and AA-321 were similar. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed close relationship of strains AA-319 and AA-321 with each other (99.5%) and clustering (98.5%) with Micromonospora coerulea DSM 43143T. DNA-DNA hybridisation showed both strains to be genomically highly similar to strain DSM 43143T. Phenotypically they could be viewed as separate taxa, but presently they will be considered as strains of Micromonospora coerulea. Strain AA-459T was phylogenetically close to Micromonospora chersina DSM 44151T (99.1%) and to Micromonospora rosaria DSM 803T, but DNA-DNA similarity with M. chersina DSM 44151T was low with 28.9/33.5 %, indicating the presence of a different and new species. Consequently, isolate AA-459T (DSM 44398T NRRL B-24248T) is described as the type strain of Micromonospora endolithica sp. nov.

Antarctic Regions↗
PubMed1981

Cell wall composition of Micromonospora olivoasterospora, Micromonospora sagamiensis, and related organisms.

Cell walls of 19 Micromonospora species were analyzed for their components. All the cell walls had xylose and arabinose, but the presence of glucose, galactose, mannose, or rhamnose depended on the strain. Amino acids present in the walls consisted of glycine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, and alanine, in a molar ratio of approximately 1:1:1:0.6--0.8. 3-Hydroxydiaminopimelic acid, together with meso-diaminopimelic acid, was found in many species and was isolated from Micromonospora olivoasterospora to compare the color constant in an amino acid analyzer with that of meso-diaminopimelic acid. The cell walls of Micromonospora sagamiensis and M. olivoasterospora contained only D-alanine and not L-alanine. All species tested except Micromonospora globosa contained glycolate in an almost equimolar ratio to diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls. Among 45 strains of 12 genera examined, Actinoplanes, Ampullariella, Amorphosporangium, and Dactylosporangium species had a significant amount of glycolate in the whole cells. Based on these results, the primary structure of the peptidoglycan of Micromonospora is discussed.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1990

Effect of intercalating dyes on the production of antibiotics by Micromonospora rosaria and Micromonospora purpurea.

The effect of treatment with various intercalating dyes on the ability to produce antibiotics in Micromonospora rosaria and Micromonospora purpurea was studied. Treatment with acriflavine resulted in a high frequency loss of antibiotic productivity in both species. In M. rosaria, the loss of antibiotic-producing ability appeared to be strain-dependent. In M. purpurea, up to 90% of colonies were found to have lost gentamicin-producing ability when protoplasts were used in the test. These antibiotic-nonproducing strains were further studied. The following observations were made: (1) Unlike the producing ability, the resistance to the antibiotics is a very stable character in both species. (2) Protoplast fusion analysis indicates that rosamicin-nonproducing characteristics of MR 217-AF2 and MR 217-AF3 strains induced by the acriflavine treatment is due to chromosomal mutation or rearrangement but not to loss of a plasmid. (3) Gentamicin-nonproducing strains of M. purpurea responded differently to the supplementation of streptamine or DOS in the culture medium. When supplemented with streptamine or DOS, some of these strains regained the ability to produce antibiotic, showing that the biosynthesis of intermediate was affected in these strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Cloning and characterization of gentamicin-resistance genes from Micromonospora purpurea and Micromonospora rosea.

Aminoglycoside-resistance genes (grm) were cloned from a gentamicin producer Micromonospora purpurea and a sisomicin producer Micromonospora rosea. The nucleotide (nt) sequences of both genes were determined and the similarity between them was very high (90.4% identity). In either case, the transcription start point was localised to about 11 nt upstream from the likely translation start codons of grm, which is expressed as a polycistronic transcript. In studies to be reported elsewhere, it has been established that the M. purpurea grm gene encodes a ribosomal RNA methyltransferase. Here, we confirmed that the similarity of the two genes exists not only at the structural but also at the functional level.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Development of the Micromonospora carbonacea var. africana ATCC 39149 bacteriophage pMLP1 integrase for site-specific integration in Micromonospora spp.

Micromonospora carbonacea var. africana ATCC 39149 contains a temperate bacteriophage, pMLP1, that is present both as a replicative element and integrated into the chromosome. Sequence analysis of a 4.4 kb KpnI fragment revealed pMLP1 att/int functions consisting of an integrase, an excisionase and the phage attachment site (attP). Plasmids pSPRH840 and pSPRH910, containing the pMLP1 att/int region, were introduced into Micromonospora spp. by conjugation from Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis of DNA flanking the integration site confirmed site-specific integration into a tRNAHis gene in the chromosome. The pMLP1 attP element and chromosomal bacterial attachment (attB) site contain a 24 bp region of sequence identity located at the 3' end of the tRNA. Integration of pMLP1-based plasmids in M. carbonacea var. africana caused a loss of the pMLP1 phage. Placement of an additional attB site into the chromosome allowed integration of pSPRH840 into the alternate attB site. Plasmids containing the site-specific att/int functions of pMLP1 can be used to integrate genes into the chromosome.

Attachment Sites, Microbiological↗
PubMed1999

A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Catellatospora based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences, including transfer of Catellatospora matsumotoense to the genus Micromonospora as Micromonospora matsumotoense comb. nov.

Phylogenetic studies based on the 16S ribosomal gene sequences showed that members of the genus Catellatospora revealed phylogenetic heterogeneity within the family Micromonosporaceae as well as a heterogeneous menaquinone composition. Among them, Catellatospora matsumotoense was closely related to members of the genus Micromonospora, indicating that this organism should be excluded from the genus Catellatospora. On the basis of classical taxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, Catellatospora matsumotoense is proposed to be transferred to the genus Micromonospora as M. matsumotoense comb. nov.

DNA, Ribosomal↗
PubMed1982

Studies on a new antibiotic M-92 produced by Micromonospora. I. Taxonomy of M-92 producing Micromonospora and antibiotic production therefrom.

An isolate (strain MCRL 0404) producing a new antibiotic, M-92, was identified as a new strain of Micromonospora for which the name Micromonospora verruculosa sp. nov. was proposed. A water-infusion of dried sea tangle and dried shiitake was utilized for the production of M-92. When this strain was fermented in the medium containing this infusion, M-92 accumulated in the mycelium at about 10 times that in the broth at the peak level.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2004

A replacement name of the specific epithet aurantiaca in Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) and a proposal to treat the combination Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 as a rejected name. Request for an opinion.

According to Rules and Principles of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), Micromonospora aurantiaca Sveshnikova et al. 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) is not correct because the specific epithet is illegitimate. The authors request the replacement of the specific epithet aurantiaca and they suggest sandarakina. They also request that the specific epithet aurantiaca in M. aurantiaca be rejected.

Micromonospora↗
PubMed2000

Intrageneric relationships among Micromonospora species deduced from gyrB-based phylogeny and DNA relatedness.

The phylogenetic structure of genus Micromonospora within actinomycetes was examined by analysing the gyrB sequences of 15 validly described species and four subspecies. All but one of the Micromonospora strains formed a tight cluster, as had previously been demonstrated by a 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis. However, the intrageneric relationships deduced from the gyrB-based phylogeny were different from those based on their 16S rDNA sequences. To examine which phylogeny would be more relevant for classifying genus Micromonospora, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments were performed. The gyrB-based classification agrees with the results of the DNA-DNA hybridization studies, indicating that this classification method is useful for analysing the phylogenetic relationships of high G+C Gram-positive bacteria at the level of the genomic species. Genus Micromonospora was reclassified into the following 14 species: Micromonospora echinospora, Micromonospora pallida, Micromonospora nigra, Micromonospora purpureochromogenes, Micromonospora aurantiaca, Micromonospora carbonacea, Micromonospora chalcea, Micromonospora chersina, Micromonospora coerulea, Micromonospora gallica, Micromonospora halophytica, Micromonospora inositola, Micromonospora olivasterospora and Micromonospora rosaria.

DNA Gyrase↗
PubMed2005

Micromonospora eburnea sp. nov., isolated from a Thai peat swamp forest.

Two actinomycete strains, LK2-10T and LK2-5, which produced single, non-motile spores, were isolated from peat swamp forest soil in Yala Province, Thailand. A polyphasic study was carried out to establish the taxonomic position of these strains. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains coincided with those of the genus Micromonospora. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that these strains should be classified in the genus Micromonospora and clearly separated from their closest relative, Micromonospora nigra DSM 43818T. Furthermore, a combination of DNA-DNA hybridization results and physiological and biochemical properties indicated that these strains were distinguished from all recognized Micromonospora species. These strains therefore represent a novel species, for which the name Micromonospora eburnea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LK2-10T (=JCM 12345T=PCU 238T=DSM 44814T=TISTR 1531T).

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Isolation and characterization of Micromonospora phage PhiHAU8 and development into a phasmid.

PhiHAU8, a temperate Micromonospora phage, which is capable of infecting Micromonospora sp. strains 40027 and A-M-01, was isolated. The PhiHAU8 virion has a polyhedral head and a flexible tail and has a small genome (ca. 42.5 kb) with double-stranded DNA and cohesive ends. PhiHAU8 was most stable at 4 degrees C in Difco nutrient broth within a pH range of 6 to 12. PhiHAU8 plaque formation on Micromonospora sp. strain 40027 was optimal with 32 mM Ca(2+) and 30 mM Mg(2+). A lysogen, LXH8, was isolated from turbid plaques, and a phasmid derivative that functions as a lambda cosmid vector in Escherichia coli and as a phage in Micromonospora sp. strain 40027 was constructed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of AseI-digested total DNA showed that PhiHAU8 DNA integrates into the 500-kb AseI fragment of Micromonospora sp. strain 40027.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed2005

Micromonospora siamensis sp. nov., isolated from Thai peat swamp forest.

Morphological and chemotaxonomic characterization of actinomycete strain TT2-4T isolated from peat swamp forest soil in Pattaloong Province, Thailand, clearly demonstrated that this strain belongs to the genus Micromonospora. 16S rDNA sequence analysis for the strain supported the assignment of the strain to the genus Micromonospora and the similarity value of sequences between this strain and the closely related species, Micromonospora mirobrigensis was 99.1%, and M. carbonacea and M. matsumotoense were 98.8%. The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that strain TT2-4T was distinguished from the phylogenetically closest relatives. Based on these genotypic and phenotypic data, strain TT2-4T merits a new species in the genus Micromonospora and the name Micromonospora siamensis sp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The type strain is strain TT2-4T (=JCM 12769T =PCU 266T =TISTR 1554T).

Base Composition↗
PubMed1982

A selective isolation procedure for Micromonospora.

A selective medium containing 25 to 50 micrograms per ml of tunicamycin was devised to isolate micromonosporae from soil samples, making possible simple, preferential isolation of a variety of Micromonospora. When a large amount of Gram-negative bacteria was present in a sample, alkaline treatment (0.01 N NaOH, 5 approximately 10 minutes at 15 degrees C) wa employed to reduce the numbers. Using the tunicamycin agar medium, 1,585 strains of presumably different micromonosporae were obtained from 400 soil samples collected from various regions around the world. In average, 4 different Micromonospora strains could be located from one soil sample. This tunicamycin method made possible a concentrated screening method for new antibiotics from Micromonospora.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1978

[Directed isolation of Micromonospora generic cultures on a selective medium with gentamycin].

The results of using selective media with gentamicin for directed isolation of Micromonospora are presented. It was shown that the use of the selective media with gentamicin for isolation of actinomycetes from soils of usual humidity levels markedly increased the frequency of Micronomonospora detection. The use of the selective media with gentamicin for plating out silt substrates containing mainly Micromonospora had practically no effect on the increase in the number of the Micromonospora cultures grown. The number of antibiotic-producing Micromonospora isolated on the media with gentamicin was 3 times higher than that on the control media. The use of the selective media with gentamicin provided directed isolation of Micromonospora.

Culture Media↗
PubMed2026

Secondary metabolite profiling of rare Micromonospora spp. from cold desert of NW Himalayas via multi-omics analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The genus Micromonospora is a prolific producer of specialized metabolites with pharmacological and agronomic relevance. Natural products derived from the genus Micromonospora have a distinctive chemical diversity and enormous therapeutic potential, thus represent a potential source for drugs and drug leads. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biosynthetic potential of four Micromonospora strains isolated from cold desert of NW Himalayas through genome mining and to correlate predicted biosynthetic gene clusters with chemical features detected by untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics. METHOD: High-quality genomes were annotated for BGCs and matched against untargeted LC-HRMS features (peak picking, alignment, and annotation to chemical classes). Each isolate was grown in triplicate, and fermented broth was pooled for further metabolomic studies. RESULTS: By integrating genomic and metabolomic approaches, specialized biosynthetic gene clusters and strain-based putative metabolite classes were identified. LRS1 showed elevated xanthines (RiPP/siderophore), LRS3 had phenolic glycosides (hybrid PKS/NRPS), LRS4 showed 70-fold hydroxycinnamate enrichment (Type II PKS), and LRS5 displayed p-benzoquinone enrichment (Type III PKS). The metabolite profile of each strain aligned with its predicted biosynthetic gene cluster composition. CONCLUSION: Under a single growth regime, each Micromonospora strain exhibits a distinct metabolomic profile. This metabologenomics workflow can be further explored to isolate specialized metabolites with potential therapeutic and agricultural value.

Micromonospora↗
PubMed1992

Micromonospora RNA polymerase activity changes during stationary phase.

RNA polymerase was isolated from Micromonospora echinospora and from Streptomyces lividans. In vitro transcription of a DNA fragment containing multiple tandem promoters from Micromonospora followed the pattern of expression observed previously for in vivo studies. RNA polymerase was prepared from cultures of Micromonospora that were harvested during the growing phase and during the stationary phase. Promoters that were utilized in Micromonospora only during the stationary phase were utilized in vitro only when RNA polymerase was purified from a stationary-phase culture, and not when RNA polymerase was purified from growing cells.

DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases↗