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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Lipid metabolism is a key central, systemic and gut microbial feature of the decline in rat hippocampal function during middle age.

Middle age is emerging as a turning point in brain ageing, prognostic of future cognitive health and amenable to intervention. Metabolic and proteomic differences during this period are not yet fully understood and may potentially influence functions of the hippocampus, a brain area that regulates memory and anxiety. While the gut microbiota is implicated in brain ageing, the relationship between the gut microbiota, the metabolic state, and hippocampal proteome in middle age has not been investigated. We hypothesise that peripheral metabolic or protein features are associated with hippocampal vulnerability in middle age. Therefore, young adult and middle-aged rats were assessed for behavioural, proteomic, metabolic, and gut microbiota differences. Proteomic profiling of the hippocampus revealed differential expression of proteins indicative of altered synaptic signalling. Concurrently, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was decreased in middle age. Hippocampal microglia exhibited a lipid rich, inflammatory phenotype in middle age which correlated with poorer memory performance. CSF and serum proteomic and metabolomic analyses identified dysregulated lipid-related pathways potentially contributing to hippocampal vulnerability in middle age. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed reduced abundance of bacteria involved in lipid metabolism regulation. However, faecal microbiota transfer from young to middle aged rats was not sufficient to robustly improve hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. Together, these findings highlight dysfunctional lipid metabolism as a key feature of middle age that may contribute to decline in hippocampal function. Given that the scope for intervention is limited during older age, targeting biomarkers involved in metabolic and lipid homeostasis may be pivotal for the development of pharmacological or lifestyle-based interventions during middle age which could ultimately delay future cognitive ageing.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Age-related changes in penile erections and circulating testosterone in middle-aged male rats.

The relationship between aging changes in pituitary-testicular function and the penile erection reflex was examined in middle-aged male rats. Significant decline in circulating LH and testosterone is first apparent in male rats during middle-age (13-15 mos). In Experiment 1, middle-aged (13-15 mos) and young (3-4 mos) rats were tested for erections responses. The erections were measured in animals held supine and mechanically stimulated by retraction of the penile shealth. Middle-aged rats had substantially fewer erections than young animals. In Experiment 2, groups of middle-aged and young animals were castrated and provided equivalent levels of circulating testosterone (T) through the use of Silastic capsules. The levels were measured directly by radioimmunoassay of plasma T. In animals with supraphysiological T levels, erection frequency was low, but there was no significant difference between middle-aged and young animals. The results suggest that middle-aged rats do not have irreversible deficiencies in the somatic and neural mechanisms regulating erection nor are they significantly less responsive to androgen stimulation. The decline in circulating testosterone with age may therefore be a primary factor in the reduction of penile erections in middle-aged rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

Dietary and drug treatment of hyperlipidaemia. A feasibility study in asymptomatic middle-aged men.

83 middle-aged men with different types of hyperlipoproteinaemia were recruited from a health examination survey. They were treated with diet for 3 months and with diet and drugs in combination over a 2-year period (63 men used drugs). The serum lipid reductions after the dietary period were 14% and 27% for serum cholesterol and triglycerides, respectively. After 2 years the corresponding reductions were 21% and 42%, indicating an additional effect of diet and drugs. There was an average body weight reduction of 4.3% during the first 3 months which was maintained over the 2-year period. Special considerations in treating asymptomatic individuals are discussed.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1979

Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in middle-aged men.

Nine previously sedentary middle-aged males underwent cycle endurance training 45 min/day for 9 wk with an average attendance of 4.1 days/wk. Seven males served as controls. Before and after the training period, the subjects performed three cycle ergometer tests. Work rate was incremented by 15 W/min, to the limit of the subjects' tolerance, in the first two tests; the third test consisted of contant-load cycling at an O2 uptake (VO2) just below the pretraining anaerobic threshold (AT). After training, the AT increased significantly by 44%, expressed as absolute VO2, and by 15%, expressed relative to VO2 max. Significant increases were also noted in VO2max (25%), maximal minute ventilation (19%), and maximal work rate (28%). The test-retest correlation coefficients for the AT (%VO2max) were 0.91, pre- and posttraining. Training did not alter steady-state VO2 during the submaximal exercise test whereas significant decreases occurred in CO2 output, VE, respiratory quotient, and VE/VO2. No changes occurred in the control subjects during this period. These results demonstrate that the AT is profoundly influenced by endurance training in previously sedentary middle-aged males.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Untoward effects of ketamine combined with diazepam for supplementing conduction anaesthesia in young and middle-aged adults.

Fifty-six young and 29 middle-aged adults who were scheduled for lower abdominal, anorectal or extremity surgery under epidural, sacral or brachial plexus blockades received intravenous analgesic or anaesthetic doses of ketamine, combined with diazepam, immediately before the start of the operation. Forty-one patients received no supplementary drugs for the conduction anaesthesia and were divided into two groups of controls. On the day following the operation, all the patients were asked about their postanaesthetic reactions and their acceptance of the anaesthetic technique, and the nursing staff expressed their opinion on the amount of work and supervision needed during the post-operative care of the patients. Administration of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg with diazepam 0.15 mg/kg to young or middle-aged patients was not associated with more side-effects or a greater need for post-operative care and supervision than in the control groups. Administration of anaesthetic doses of ketamine 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg with 0.15 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg of diazepam, respectively, caused significantly (P less than 0.05) more post-operative anxiety and confusion, as well as a significantly greater need for post-operative care and supervision than in the control patients. It is concluded that, in young or middle-aged patients, supplementing conduction anaesthesia with ketamine 0.5 mg/kg plus diazepam 0.15 mg/kg is not associated with the untoward effects which can be expected after anaesthetic doses of 1.5 mg/kg (or more) of ketamine.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Natural history of atrial septal defect of secundum type in the middle-aged. Medical versus surgical therapy.

10 middle-aged patients with atrial septal defect of the secundum type (ASD II) were referred to surgery, but for several noncardiological reasons the operation was not performed. 5 patients were reexamined after an interval from 6 1/2 to 15 years. During the follow-up period only relatively minor changes in pulmonary arteriolar resistance had occurred and all patients were still acceptable candidates for surgical treatment. The other 5 patients died after a period of time ranging from 2 weeks to 16 1/2 years from conditions directly or indirectly related to the cardiac malformation. During the same period of time, 84 ASD II patients underwent surgery with a mortality rate of 8.3% after 74 months, including 2 hospital deaths. These results suggest that middle-aged patients with ASD II without obstructive pulmonary hypertension should be operated on without delay, but that in a significant number of cases, long-term conservative treatment is not associated with an increase in pulmonary arteriolar resistance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Virilizing adrenal adenoma stimulated by dexamethasone in a middle-aged woman.

In a middle-aged woman with virilizing adenoma, 2 mg dexamethasone increased urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, whereas 8 mg dexamethasone increased urinary excretion only of 17-KS. With discontinuation of dexamethasone, 17-KS excretion returned to the predexamethasone level. Dexamethasone depressed the basal level of cAMP synthesis and basal testosterone production by the normal adrenal tissue in vitro. Dexamethasone also depressed the increase of cAMP produced by ACTH in the normal tissue. In contrast, dexamethasone increased basal cAMP synthesis and stimulated testosterone secretion in the tumor tissue. ACTH and dexamethasone were additive in their effects on cAMP and testosterone in the tumor tissue. It is suggested that dexamethasone acted directly on the adrenal tumor to stimulate steroid secretion in this patients.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An international comparison of mortality in middle-aged men from cardiovascular diseases during 1970--1974.

An international comparison of mortality rates in middle-aged men (35--54 years) from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during the period 1970--1974 was made. The material for this study was obtained from the statistics of the WHO (World Health Statist. Ann. 1970--1974, Vol. I, Vital Statistics of Causes of Death. WHO, Geneva, 1973--1976). The mean death rate of middle-aged men from all CVD and ischaemic heart diseases was clearly higher in Finland than in any other country in the world during the 5-year period. The mortality rates according to all ICD (International Classification of Diseases) main groups of diseases were determined for a selected group of countries containing all the Scandinavian countries, the United States, Canada, Hungary, Australia, Scotland, and Czechoslovakia. The death rates of all natural (ICSI-XVI) and unnatural causes (ICDXVII) were higher in Finland than in the other selected countries. Also the proportion of cardiovascular deaths as a percentage of all natural deaths was clearly higher in Finland than in any of the above countries, whereas in these countries proportionally more deaths were due to neoplasms than in Finland, especially in men aged 35--44. Only in Hungary did infectious diseases account for about 4.5% of all natural deaths; in the other countries they accounted for only about 1--2%. In the United States, Sweden, Czechoslovakia and Canada a clearly higher relative number of deaths (about 9--13%) were due to diseases of the digestive system than in the other countries (about 3--9%), whereas the relative numbers of deaths from respiratory and genitourinary diseases were uniform among all selected countries. Only in Denmark and Norway was a prominent proportion of the deceased (3.5--9.5%) certified as having died due to some symptom or ill-defined condition. About 90% of all middle-aged men died in each country from various diseases of the above six main ICD categories. As a whole, the above single deviations from the general trend were so small that the present results do not support the view that the differences in certifying and coding practices could explain the significant differences found in cardiovascular mortality of middle-aged men between various countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Prediction of body density in young and middle-aged men.

The purpose of this investigation was to predict body density of young (18-22 yr) and middle-aged (40-55 yr) men and to determine if generalized equations were appropriate to both populations. The dependent variable, body density, was determined by the hydrostatic technique. Independent variables included 7 skinfold fat, 11 girth, and 7 diameter measures; age; height; and weight. Mean body density for young men was 1.068 g/ml (SD +/- 0.014) and percent fat, 13.4 (SD +/- 6.0); the values for middle-aged subjects were 1.043 g/ml (SD +/- 0.0130) and 24.7% (SD +/- 5.9). Incomplete principal components analysis was used to examine the dimensions measured by the independent variables, and these analyses revealed differences between samples. Using multiple regression analysis, with the exception of girth measurements, the slopes of the regression lines were equal. For all analyses, however, the intercepts were different. These results confirmed the need for different regression equations for these populations. The most accurate prediction for young men was with two skinfold, four girth, and two diameter measures (R = 0.88; SE = 0.0069 g/ml); two skinfold and three girth measures accurately predicted body density for middle-aged men (R = 0.84; SE = 0.0074 g/ml).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1976

What middle-aged men know of their parents' cause of death and age at death. A comparison between history and death certificate.

Middle-aged men's knowledge of the circumstances of their parents' diseases and death is reliable to such an extent that it can be used when appropriate for therapeutic purposes in familial diseases. This conclusion is based on findings in a health examination survey of 441 middle-aged men in Uppsala, Sweden where the men were asked whether their parents were dead and, if so, the known cause of death and at what age they had died. The information reported was then compared with the official data kept by the authorities. In 87% of cases it was possible to perform such a comparison. The study showed good conformity of the two sources, in general.

Accidents↗
PubMed2026

[Efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral block combined with thoracic nerve block for acute herpes zoster neuralgia involving upper thoracic dermatomes in middle-aged and elderly patients].

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) combined with pectoral nerve block (Pecs) in the treatment of acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN) involving the upper thoracic segments in middle-aged and elderly patients, a prospective study was conducted. A total of 70 middle-aged and elderly patients with upper thoracic AHN who visited the Department of Pain Medicine at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, from June to December 2023, were enrolled and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using a random number table, with 35 patients in each group. The control group received TPVB once weekly for a total of 3 sessions, while the experimental group received TPVB combined with Pecs block using the same regimen. Outcome measures included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), treatment satisfaction score, incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), rescue analgesia, and adverse events. Assessments were conducted at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment, and between-group differences were compared. Ultimately, 33 patients in the experimental group and 31 in the control group completed the follow-up and were included in the final analysis. The results showed that both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores, PSQI, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and satisfaction scores compared with baseline (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower VAS scores and higher satisfaction scores at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-treatment (P<0.05), as well as significantly lower PSQI, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of PHN, rescue analgesia, or adverse events (all P>0.05). This study demonstrates that compared with TPVB alone, the combination of TPVB and Pecs block provides better pain relief, improves sleep quality, and alleviates anxiety and depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with upper thoracic AHN, with a favorable safety profile.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Haptic exploration in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults.

Matching accuracy and strategy utilization in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults was examined in a series of intramodal, haptic match-to-standard problems. Subjects were presented with 2-, 3-, and 4-comparison stimulus arrays and asked to locate by touch alone the comparison stimulus that exactly matched the standard. Results indicated that elderly adults, in comparison to young and middle-aged adults, were less successful in solving the haptic problems. Furthermore, they also displayed less systematic and logical haptic search strategies. Discussion of the results focused on the competence-performance distinction and the relation of selectivity and performance during the aging process.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Developmental analysis of human figure drawings in adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age.

Analyzed 195 human figure drawings (HFDs) of adolescents, young adults, and middle-aged adults in terms of developmental differences in anxiety signs, grouped into aggressive-hostile and insecure-labile categories, and according to sex-role stereotype, as measured by the Broverman Sex-role Stereotype Scale. Adolescent males and females were significantly more likely to obtain more anxiety signs than the two adult groups, although young adults and middle-aged adults did not differ from one another in HFD performance. The most reliable sex difference was that males reveal significantly more aggressive-hostile indices in the HFDs relative to females; no significant sex differences were obtained for number of insecure-labile indices. The degree to which one has adopted a conventional sex-role stereotype was not predictive of anxiety sign differences in HFD performance for either sex or for any age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Identity and crisis in middle aged men.

The authors selectively review disparate literature bearing on the issue of the male mid-life transition. There is considerable evidence that the entrance into middle age is associated with stress and often maladaptive patterns of reaction. There is little available information, however, on the specific nature of the stressors, their differential impact, or the factors associated with the individual's attempted style of adaptation to them. Through the process of exploring relevant findings from sociology, social and clinical psychology, and popular fiction we attempt to specify a working model of the experience of entering middle age. The authors see this model as being of heuristic value in that it specifies a number of dimensions to be operationalized which may, together, provide a more holistic view of the changes in the self-system undergone by the middle aged male.

Adult↗