[Suggested permissible concentration of mineral oil mist: mineral oil mist 3 mg/m3].
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Aerosols↗
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Tumor regression after intralesional injection of mycobacterial components emulsified in 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene (squalene), 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane (squalane), peanut oil, or mineral oil.
The influence of mineral oil, squalane, squalene, or peanut oil on the antitumor activity of emulsified Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell walls or emulsified trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate was studied in mice, each with an established transplant of a syngeneic fibrosarcoma. Each animal received an intratumoral injection of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell walls (0.6 mg/mouse) or trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (0.1 mg/mouse) emulsified in 1 to 10% oil. Emulsions of squalene or squalane but not peanut oil were effective substitutes for mineral oil as carriers of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell walls in the treatment of the tumor. Trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate was therapeutically active when it was incorporated in any of these four oils. The number of animals in which tumor regressed completely depended on the concentration of oil in the emulsion.
Animals↗
Neonatal calcaneous osteomyelitis related to contaminated mineral oil.
Contaminated mineral oil may have been associated with calcaneous osteomyelitis in a newborn. Staphylococcus aureus is viable for 1 month as a suspension in mineral oil.
Calcaneus↗
Effect of oil mists on the irritancy of sulfur dioxide. I. Mineral oils and light lubricating oil.
The increase in pulmonary flow resistance in unanesthetized guinea pigs was used to assess the effect of sub-micrometer oil aerosols on the response to sulfur dioxide. At a concentration of about 10 mg/m3 neither a medicinal grade mineral oil nor a light lubricating oil altered the response when given simultaneously with 1 or 10 ppm sulfur dioxide. The naphthenic medicinal oil at 100 mg/m3 failed to protect against 50 ppm sulfur dioxide when administerd simultaneously. A 30-minute pre-exposure, however, conferred complete protection. A paraffinic laboratory grade mineral oil conferred protection when given simultaneously but was less effective when the pre-exposure protocol was used.
Aerosols↗
[Electron microscopical and histochemical investigations of phagocytotic defense reaction of the lung in experimental mineral oil pneumonia (author's transl)].
Phagocytosis of foreign body material (mineral oil) by alveolar macrophages and interstitial localized macrophages is seen in early stages of mineral oil pneumonia studied by electron microscopy and histochemistry. Degradation of phagocytized mineral oil by phagolysosomes is seen in alveolar macrophages, appearing in final stages as empty vacuoles. In contrast, this hydrolytic degradation cannot be found in interstitially localized macrophages. In these cells the mineral oil is present in unchanged form. It seems to be likely that this retention of foreign body material is the reason of granuloma formation. As a non-specific result of mineral oil application there is observed an increased production and extrusion of osmiophilic material (surface active phospholipids) by large alveolar epithel cells.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Atypical mycobacterial infection complicating mineral oil pneumonia.
Two patients had pulmonary infections with atypical mycobacteria superimposed on mineral oil pneumonia. In both cases, long-standing laxative use and neurological disorders led to development of the lipid pneumonia. The pathogenicity of the rapidly growing mycobacteria causing infection in the two patients is apparently enhanced by the presence of mineral oil, a relationship supported by experimental studies. The clinical diagnosis of both atypical mycobacterial infection and mineral oil pneumonia may be difficult, but the presence of one should suggest the possibility of occurrence of the other.
Aged↗
[Detection of mineral oil and paraffin in foods].
The author describes a thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of small amounts of mineral oil and paraffin in foods. Fatty acids, glycerides, fat-soluble vitamins, sterols, and unsaturated hydrocarbons remain at the starting point. This method permits to detect as little as 0.2 mug of mineral oil or 20 mug of mineral oil/kg of food in low-fat products. 0.01% of mineral oil-like contaminants may be detected in fats.
Animals↗
Role of lipopolysaccharide in the production of plasma cell tumors in mice given mineral oil injections.
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content of peritoneal fluids of BALB/c mice given mineral oil injections and of normal mice was measured. Peritoneal fluids were passed through DEAE-Bio-Gel columns to remove an inhibitor to the Limulus amebocyte lysate reaction and then were assayed for LPS by a spectrophotometric Limulus amebocyte lysate test. A highly significant difference between control animals and animals given mineral oil injections was found. A clear correlation between LPS concentration and time after first oil injection was shown. P-200 gel chromatography and heat stability of the active material were consistent with the behavior of LPS. The possible role of LPS in the pathogenesis of plasma cell tumor is discussed.
Animals↗
Toxicity of emulsified trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) in mice depends on size distribution of mineral oil droplets.
Toxicity of emulsified trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate administered intravenously into mice depended on the size distribution of the mineral oil droplets. Emulsions containing the greatest number of the largest oil droplets were the most toxic. Emulsions of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate made with peanut oil or with olive oil were less toxic than those made with mineral oil.
Animals↗
Hepatic damage associated with mineral oil deposits.
The case of a 33 year old male is reported. Hepatic inflammation and scarring were associated with deposits of mineral oil in portal triads. This is believed to be the first reported case of hepatic damage resulting from mineral oil accumulation. Possible sources of the oil are considered.
Adult↗
Subpopulations of cytogenetically abnormal cells in fibroblast cultures derived from workers exposed to mineral oil.
Fibroblast cultures were grown from skin biopsy specimens from individuals with a high risk of cancer due to occupational exposure to mineral oil. A high frequency of chromosomally abnormal fibroblast subpopulations was found in cultures derived from tissue that had been exposed to the carcinogen, but these aberrant clonal populations were also present in control lines from the same individuals. Abnormal clones formed a greater proportion of the total cell population in the lines derived from the oil-exposed tissue compared with the control lines after a comparable time in culture. This difference in clone size may be a consequence of the in vivo exposure to mineral oil or other environmental agents.
Aged↗
Endotoxin enhancement of plasma cell tumor development in mice given injections of mineral oil.
Bacterial endotoxins administered to BALB/c mice given i.p. mineral oil cause an increased incidence of plasma cell tumors, compared with mice given either oil or antigens alone, or oil plus antigen other than endotoxin. Endotoxin in ng doses was more effective than in mug doses.
Animals↗
Hypersensitivity to mineral oil in the domestic fowl.
Domestic fowl were found to be hypersensitive to a second injection of highly purified mineral oil if they had been primed 3 weeks previously with oil in the presence of mycobacteria. This response did not appear to be related to impurities originally present in the oil or introduced into it during sterilization, and did not follow priming with mycobacteria in vegetable oil or in saline. The reaction at the challenge site was prolonged and developed a characteristic histology identical to that found at the priming site. It is postualted that the hypersensitivity seen has an immunological basis and that birds are able to respond to antigenic determinants formed by long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Animals↗
Pulmonary pathology from inhalation of a complex mineral oil mist in dogs, rats, mice and gerbils.
Dogs, rats, mice, and gerbils were exposed for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for periods up to 2 years, to an atmosphere containing a complex mineral oil-base mist at concentrations of 5 and 100 mg/M3. The mass median diameter of the oil droplets was approximately that found in textile plants ( approximately 1.0 mu). In addition, these test atmospheres contained 1000 ppm acetone,an acetate fiber solvent, in order to simulate fiber plant conditions. Evidence of oil mist was detectable within lung macrophages of all species tested and at both concentrations. Only at the higher concentration (100 mg/M3),, in dogs and rats, but not in mice and gerbils, was a retention of oil of such a magnitude so as to result in the development of oil microgranulomas. Rats given a 10-month recovery period following 12 months of exposure did not completely recover from the oil microgranuloma. These results indicate that the presence of typical textile fiber adjuvants in mineral oil and the concurrent presence of 1000 ppm acetone in the atmosphere do not significantly alter the inhalation toxicity of pure white mineral oil mist.
Acetone↗
[The identification of mineral oil pollutions by the combination of IR-and fluorescence spectroscopy (author's transl)].
By evaluation of the quotient Q = intensity of fluorescence: intensity of C-H-vibration a relative number has been obtained, which, independend of concentration and largely substance specific, enables to make more exact statements on identifying oil spills than those derived only from IR-spectroscopic measurement. The Q-values of 33 different mineral oil products have been calculated and are compared with the intensity ratio V of the asymetric CH2- and CH2-stretching bands and the absorbtivity of these bands, which commonly are used. Q, exhibiting values from 0,0015 to greater than 5000 has proved to be a very sensitive number while the maximum ratio of the V resp. absorptivity values was only 1:13. The scope of Q is discussed on the basic of three examples.
Infrared Rays↗
Immunosuppressive effect in mycobacterial adjuvant emulsions of mineral oils containing low molecular weight hydrocarbons.
Bayol F preparations from different commercial sources were incorporated into water-in-oil emulsions containing mycobacterial fractions and a protein antigen. It was found that an adjuvant effect was obtained with some mineral oils and a toxic immunosuppressive effect with others.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
The influence of particulate carriers and of mineral oil in adjuvants on the antibody response in rabbits to human gamma globulin.
A single inoculation of rabbits with human gamma globulin, administered with polystyrene latex particles and mineral oil as adjuvant, gave rise to at least the same level and duration of antibody formation as could be achieved with classical Freund's adjuvant made "complete" with killed mycobacteria.
Animals↗
Comparative study of mineral oil and talcum powder as lubricants for cutting of skin grafts in burns.
Although the series is a very small one, the results of this study would seem to indicate that mineral oil is a better vehicle compared with talcum powder for use as lubricant for the donor site of skingrafts. Better results may be expected by deferred grafting after preparation of the recipient site by scraping of granulation.
Adolescent↗