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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Inhibition of diphosphonate-blocked bone mineralization. Evidence that calcitonin promotes mineralization.

There is much experimental evidence which indicates that calcitonin in hibits bone mineral resorption, but there are few data available in support of the proposal that calcitonin may also promote mineralization. Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) administered to immature rats inhibited mineralization as evidenced by widened tibial epiphyseal plates and decreased bone ash to dry weight ratios. Concurrent dosing with salmon calcitonin (SCT) prevented or reversed the EHDP-blocked mineralization in a dose dependent manner. Administration of SCT during the period after EHDP treatment significantly improved mineralization of tibial epiphyseal plates as shown by plate width narrowing and increased uptake of radioactive calcium. These results suggest that SCT increased mineralization in EHDP-treated rats, and provide supportive evidence for the proposal that calcitonin may also promote mineralization, in addition to its well known ability to inhibit bone mineral resorption.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2026

Effects of replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of trace minerals on mineral status and production performance in dairy cows.

The objectives were to determine the effects of replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn on mineral status and production performance in dairy cows. One hundred forty-one Holstein cows were stratified by parity group prepartum as nulliparous (lactation 0) or parous cows (lactation >0) and, within parity, cows were blocked by genomic breeding value for ECM yield (nulliparous cows) or recently completed lactation 305-d ECM (parous cows) and then randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments. Treatments were supplemental sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn as sulfate trace minerals (STM) or hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM). Diets were formulated to contain approximately 16, 60, and 60 mg/kg of Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively, and treatments were fed from 246 d of gestation to 105 d of lactation. Cows were weighed twice weekly prepartum and intake of DM, milk yield, and postpartum BW were measured daily, and composition of milk was analyzed twice weekly. Blood was sampled pre- and postpartum and hepatic tissue collected at 10 (50 STM and 52 HTM cows) and at 50 d postpartum (17 STM and 18 HTM cows) and analyzed for concentrations of minerals. Treatment did not affect intake or measures of energy balance prepartum. Numerical results between parentheses are presented following the sequence of STM and HTM. Concentrations of trace minerals in serum differed between treatments only prepartum and those of Cu (1.291 vs. 1.183 ± 0.031 mg/L) and Zn (1.307 vs. 1.211 ± 0.031 mg/L) were greater for cows fed STM compared with cows fed HTM; however, the opposite response was observed for serum Mn (1.628 vs. 1.754 ± 0.038 µg/L). Treatment did not affect liver Mn or Zn concentration, but for Cu, cows fed STM had greater concentration in the liver on d 10 postpartum compared with cows fed HTM (310 vs. 296 ± 7 mg/kg DM); however, the opposite response was observed on d 50 and cows fed STM had smaller concentration of Cu in liver than those fed HTM (287 vs. 318 ± 9 mg/kg DM). Cows fed HTM produced an additional 1.0 kg colostrum than STM cows (5.21 vs. 6.22 ± 0.63 kg), thus resulting in increased yield of colostrum solids. Treatment did not affect the content or yield of IgG in colostrum. Cows fed HTM produced 1.3 kg/d more milk (41.7 vs. 43.0 ± 0.5 kg/d) and 1.5 kg/d more energy-corrected milk (42.5 vs. 44.0 ± 0.6 kg/d) in the first 15 wk of lactation compared with cows fed STM. The estimated NEL content of the postpartum diet consumed by cows, after accounting for the different energy sinks and DMI, was 3.4% greater for HTM than STM (1.68 vs. 1.74 ± 0.02 Mcal/kg). Replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn had small effects on the concentrations of those minerals in tissues and improved production performance in the first 15 wk of lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory tract diseases in coal miners. III. Effects of smoking on the rate of chronic respiratory tract diseases in coal miners].

Effects of smoking on the case rate of chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases in underground coal miners of two mines "A" and "B" were analysed. Work environment and miners under investigation have been thoroughly described in Part I. Smoking miners from both mines, as examined using the significance test chi 2, did not differ significantly, as regards their age and length of employment. In either mine 73.7% of miners were smokers. In both groups of miners, smoking was found to largely affect health. The chronic nonsepcific respiratory tract diseases were 13 times more frequent in smokers and 11 times in ex-smokers, as compared to non-smokers. In smokers and ex-smokers the case rate of these diseases was found to be directly proportional to the amount of cigarettes smoked daily. The higest percentage of those diseases was found in smokers and ex-smokers smoking more than 25 cigarettes a day. The prevalence of chronic non-specific respiratory tract diseases was not increasing after more than 10 years of smoking. The obturative form of the disease came to about 10% in smokers and ex-smokers from both groups; thus it was 8 times more frequent than among general populations examined. In mine "A" non-smokers, the case rate of the disease was found to be almost twice that of mine "B", which may be indicative of additional factors promoting the development of chronic nonspecific respiratory tract diseases.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory tract diseases in coal miners. II. Chronic non-specific respiratory tract diseases in coal miners].

Miners of two coal mines were examined: mine "A"--2094 miners and mine "B"--1846 miners working underground. Both the examined population and work environment were thoroughly described in part I. Medical examinations involved disease history and occupational inquiry on a special questionnaire form, a part of this questionnaire being based on the BMRC questionnaire. In addition, spirometric examinations were conducted, VC, FEV1 was determined, and chest was X-rayed. Average PNChUO rate in both populations under examinations came to 16.5%; in the "A" mine it was significantly higher (19.1%), compared to the "B" mine--(13.5%). Obturative PNChUO constituted, on average, 1.7% of the total PNChUO rate in both mines and occurred more frequently in the "B" mine (2.1%), where work was more mechanized than in the "A" mine (1.3%). The highest PNChUO percentage was found in those working at most dusted work--stands. The PNChUO rate in its obturative form was found to be directly proportional to age and length of employment. No effect of PNChUO on the quality and rate of changes in EKG in those suffering from this disease was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The mineralization processes in teleost fish scales.

In Teleost fish scales, growth and mineralization are continuous. Different mineralization processes can be distinguished. The external layer of the scale is the first to be mineralized and may be classified as the initial calcifying structure of the scale. The initial calcification loci are matrix vesicles of cellular origin always observed during the formation of this layer. This mineralization process takes place progressively, closely following the elaboration of the organic matrix in the scale periphery. The outer limiting and internal layers of the scale are developed after the external layer has been formed. A mineral substance is deposited without the mediation of matrix vesicles, but in contact with the previously mineralized external layer. This type of mineralization is called subsequential. However, the mineralization of the outer limiting layer closely follows the secretion of a collagen-free organic matrix and is thus different from the mineralization of the internal layer in which the calcification front remains remote from the collagen matrix surface and corresponds to a delayed mineralization process. The isolated calcifications (Mandl's corpuscles) which develop in the unmineralized laminae of the internal layer are mineralized in the absence of matrix vesicles and without making contact with a pre-existing calcified tissue, probably by a heterogeneous nucleation of the collagen fibrils.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Transformation of antibiotics mediated by iron-bearing minerals: A review.

Iron-bearing minerals are ubiquitous in water, sediments and soil, where their surface chemical properties and redox activity can play an important role in degradation of trace antibiotics. This review systematically summarizes the roles of various iron-bearing minerals in chemical transformation and microbial degradation of antibiotics and reaction mechanisms involved, and refines the critical idea for iron-driven control of antibiotics with trace level in natural environment. Overall, antibiotics removal in the presence of iron-bearing minerals involves combination of adsorption, surface oxidative degradation, photo-induced degradation, Fenton-like reaction and microbial degradation. Adsorption of antibiotics by Fe(III)-minerals involves electrostatic interaction, complexation, H-bonding, π-π interaction and hydrophobic interaction. Adsorbed antibiotics form complexes with Fe(III)-minerals, undergoing electron transfer to generate radical intermediates, subsequently generating final products through hydroxylation, dealkylation, and deamination. Additionally, Fe(III)-minerals can be excited to produce electrons and holes under sunlight and to produce antibiotics-degrading hydroxyl radical through O2 reduction, H2O oxidation and ligand-to-metal charge transfer. Reduced iron minerals can activate oxygen to participate in Fenton-like degradation reactions. Finally, antibiotics are mainly removed by bio-driven Fenton reaction and direct enzyme biodegradation. The presence of iron-bearing minerals can promote antibiotics microbial degradation by providing nutrients for microorganisms or by changing microbial activity and microbial community structure. Existing problems and future research directions are identified. New insights for application of iron-bearing minerals in transformation of antibiotics are proposed. The work aims to suggest new methods and insights for pollution control and remediation of emerging contaminants including trace antibiotics in the natural environment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2025

Enriched grain minerals in Aegilops tauschii-derived common wheat population under heat-stress environments.

In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an important source of dietary minerals, heat stress during the grain filling stage negatively affects grain yield and quality. Wheat grain mineral content has been primarily evaluated under optimum conditions; little information is available on the genetic variations and loci involved in mineral accumulation under heat stress. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the variation in 13-grain mineral concentrations and thousand kernel weight of 145 wheat multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD) genotypes harboring genes from the wild relative Aegilops tauschii Coss., evaluated under heat-stress field conditions in Sudan for two seasons, and to dissect the genomic regions associated with these mineral contents using GWAS. Our results showed sufficient variations in mineral concentrations among the MSD lines. Some MSD lines had 30-50% more minerals than the recurrent parent Norin 61. We detected 188 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), 44 MTAs in season 2018/19, one in season 2019/20, and 143 based on BLUE. The highly significant, stable, and promising MTAs were related to Mg, Mn, P, and Ba. We identified putative candidate genes potentially involved in mineral movement (TraesCS5D03G0728800) and response to heat stress (TraesCS5D03G0723300). The findings in this study help to enhance mineral concentration and resilience in wheat under heat.

Triticum↗
PubMed1979

[Respiratory tract diseases in coal miners. I. Pneumoconiosis].

In two mines, "A"--in Lower Silesia with low, inclined coal seam and lesser degree of output mechanization and "B"--in the Silesia-Dabrowa Basin with high coal seams and a great degree of output mechanization), work conditions were examined (dust concentration, chemical composition of dust, and microclimate) and medical examinations of underground miners were done. The examinations involved: mine "A"--2094 miners, mine "B"--1846 miners. The two examined populations were almost identical as regards age and length of employment. The number of miners working in bad conditions in the "A" mine was twice as great as that of miners working in bad conditions in the "B" mine. In dust collected on work--stands in the "A" mine the amount of copper, chromium and vanadium was 3 times that in the "B" mine and in the "A" mine approximately 40% more nickel was found in the dust than in the "B" mine. Average dust concentration on work stands was 10 times greater in the "B" mine than in the "A" mine. The rate of pneumoconiosis was on average 3.7% in both populations, in the "A" mine--6.2% and in the "B" mine--0.8%. In currently working miners no nodular changes, like PMF, were found. The rate of pneumoconiosis significantly varied with the length of employment. In 71.7% miners changes in EKG were found, in the "B" mine the number of those with changes being about 10% greater than in those in the "A" mine. In miners from the "A" mine, mostly changes in conduction (17.1%) were found; in the "B" mine these changes were twice less frequent.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Mortality in gold and coal miners in Western Australia with special reference to lung cancer.

Cohorts of 1974 gold miners and 213 coal miners in Western Australia surveyed for respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, occupational history and radiographic evidence of pneumoconiosis have been followed up for 13-14 years. Overall, neither group had a significantly higher mortality than expected from the experience of Western Australian men in general. Lung cancer mortality was relatively high in the gold miners (59 deaths observed, 40.8 expected) but weakly and inconclusively related to the extent of their underground mining experience. Cigarette smoking may explain the excess of lung cancer in the gold miners because the prevalence of the habit in the latter (66.3%) was higher than in the coal miners (58.7%) or in other men in Western Australia (53.2%). Radiographic evidence of silicosis was present in 21.7% of the gold miners but did not appear to have contributed substantially to their mortality. The coal miners showed a lower than expected rate of lung cancer but an excess of deaths from all other forms of cancer (11 observed, 5.6 expected). This excess was not attributable to any one cancer site and cannot be explained readily.

Australia↗
PubMed2026

Mineral-driven molecular signatures of energy metabolism underpin sperm motility in buffalo.

The success of spermatogenesis depends on the interplay of various biomolecules that ultimately determine sperm quality. In this study, RNA-seq analysis of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm (n = 8) revealed the presence of 263 mineral-associated genes (>1 FPKM) in high (n = 4) and 181 in low motile (n = 4) sperm groups. Among these, 177 mineral-associated genes were commonly expressed between them, and the majority were upregulated (>1 fold), LOC102391588 (ncRNA; 37-fold), ZNF699 (26.5-fold), MYZAP (13-fold), etc., in the high motile group. The expression of selected mineral-associated genes was validated. The top enriched functions in commonly expressed genes were regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (FDR: 4.7 × 10⁻2; ZNF331, ZNF692, ZNF180, etc.), followed by spermatogenesis (FDR: 2.9 × 10⁻2; CALR3, ADAM18, ADAM29, etc.), proton transmembrane transport (FDR: 4.0 × 10⁻2; ATP6V0E1, ATP1A4, ATP6V1B2, etc.) and flagellated sperm motility (FDR: 2.3 × 10⁻1; CATSPERD, EFCAB6, CABS1, etc.). Additionally, the chromatin remodeling pathway (FDR: 3 × 10⁻2; PTP4A1, PPM1A, DUSP1, etc.) emerged as the most significant and may suggest that these minerals influence genome packaging and sperm functionality. Mineral-associated genes were predominantly associated with zinc (49%), followed by calcium (20%), phosphorus (10%), iron (5%), sodium (2%), potassium (2%), copper (1%) and other trace elements (11%). Although the current study uses frozen-thawed sperm, the findings indicate that mineral-associated genes are crucial for promoting membrane stability, energy production, motility and chromatin integrity, which may contribute to the superior fertilizing ability of sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The association of amorphous mineral deposits with the plasma membrane of pre- and young odontoblasts and their relationship to the origin of dentinal matrix vesicles in rat incisor teeth.

Young and preodontoblasts and matrix vesicles which occur in the presecretory region of incisor teeth of growing rats were examined in stained and unstained ultrathin sections in order to characterize sites involved in the initial mineralization of dentin. Common to pre- and young odontoblasts in the presecretory region were hemispherical membrane-associated amorphous densities, measuring 5-35 nm in diameter after fixation in glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide or glutaraldehyde only. Amorphous densities were associated also with the limiting membranes of some vesicles in the extracellular matrix. Other vesicles in the extracellular matrix contained needle-like crystalline deposits typical of dentinal matrix vesicles. Fully differentiated odontoblasts in more incisal regions of the tooth lacked plasma membrane-associated amorphous densities. Neither amorphous nor crystalline densities were associated with any other cellular or subcellular structures in cells of the presecretory region. Flotation of ultrathin sections on solutions of EDTA or EGTA removed the amorphous densities from the plasma membranes, suggesting that the amorphous densities are calcium-containing mineral deposits. Amorphous deposits were associated with the membrane of vesicular structures protruding from the surfaces of pre- and young odontoblasts, suggesting that vesicles found in the extracellular matrix arise by budding from the plasma membranes of pre- and young odontoblasts. The occurrence of amorphous mineral deposits in association with the limiting membrane of some vesicles in the extracellular matrix, and the occurrence of needle-like mineral crystals within other matrix vesicles, suggest that an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation of mineral takes place within the matrix vesicle. The results of this study suggest that calcium-binding sites associated with plasma membranes of pre- and young odontoblasts act as nucleating centers for primary mineral deposition in tooth dentin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of dietary mineral composition on nutritional equivalency of amino acid mixtures and casein in rats.

The effect of dietary mineral composition on the quality of amino acid mixtures and intact casein was examined in growing rats fed for 28 days under "conventional" conditions. When 25% demineralized casein (DC) was the sole dietary protein source, the widely-used mineral mixture by Harper (MMH) supported growth poorly (3.2 g/day), but a new formula mineral mixture (MM2) containing sufficient amounts of zinc gave a growth rate of over 8 g/day for 21 days. With a crude casein (CC) diet, rats grew at the same rate regardless of mineral mixtures. The growth-supporting power of amino acid mixtures, one of which simulated casein (AA-A) and another patterned after Rogers and Harper to give maximal growth of rats (AA-B), was compared with those of DC and CC with addition of MMH or MM2. When the protein source was DC, AA-A or AA-B, MM2 significantly improved the growth over that of rats fed MMH. The growth-stimulating effect of MM2 was greater when added to DC diet than when added to AA-A diet. When MM2 was added to AA-B diet, the growth rate greatly increased and reached that of rats fed DC diet containing MM2 (over 8 g/day), showing a nutritional equivalency between the amino acid mixture and intact protein. Drawbacks inherent in MMH did not appear with CC diet, because CC contained considerable amounts of zinc. When a highly purified amino acid-sucrose diet is used, dietary minerals become most limiting for growth even under conventional conditions. Thus, the previous conflicting results concerning nutritional equivalency of amino acid mixtures and protein can be explained by inadequate mineral sources.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography scanning for the measurement of bone mineral in the human spine.

An investigation into the feasibility of using X-ray computed tomography (CT) to measure disease induced changes in bone mineral content of the human spine is described. A theoretical study of this type of measurement has been made using a mathematical model of osteomalacia. The measured EMI number changes linearly with the mineral content, and the sensitivity is shown to be 1.2 EMI units (EU: 500 scale)/1% change in mineral content in vertebral bone. The physical sensitivity to an equal mineral change in cortical bone is found to be 8.6 times greater. The mineral selectivity of the CT method is such that only about half the change in the EMI number arising from progressive osteomalacia reflects change in actual mineral content, while half is due merely to changes in bone density that accompany demineralization. In addition, the perturbing effects of beam hardening on measurement accuracy are evaluated and shown to be significant. Finally, an experimental measurement indicates that in practice the reproducibility of such measurements would be about 1 EU, and it is shown that the measured parameter correlates well with the calculated total linear attenuation coefficients.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1975

Proteoglycans of mineralizing rib and epiphyseal cartilage.

Rib cartilage from growing guinea pigs and epiphyseal cartilage from Beagle puppies were separated into three fractions, representing non-mineralized, low mineralized, and high mineralized, tissue, by centrifuging finely ground material in acetone/bromoform density gradients. Following extraction under dissociative conditions, the proteoglycans were fractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation under associative and dissociative conditions. With the onset of mineralization, the cartilage lost approximately half its content of proteoglycans. The proteoglycans remaining in the calcified cartilage differed in composition and in size from those of nonmineralized tissue. With the increased mineral content of the tissues the ratios of protein to polysaccharide, of chondroitin sulfate to keratan sulfate, and of 4-sulfate to 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate increased in the proteoglycan fraction. Furthermore, gel chromatograms indicated decreased proportions of very high molecular weight proteoglycans, in mineralized tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Genetic Evidence Links Sex Hormone-binding Globulin to Total Body Bone Mineral Density at Age 45-60 Years: A Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

The menopausal transition and early postmenopause represent important periods for women's skeletal health, but the genetic relevance of metabolic, behavioral, and hormone-related factors to bone mineral density during midlife remains incompletely understood. This study used publicly available genome-wide association study summary statistics to examine associations between body mass index, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking initiation, and alcohol intake frequency and total body bone mineral density at ages 45-60 years. Exposure genome-wide association study summary statistics were derived from large European-ancestry populations and were not restricted to midlife women, whereas the outcome genome-wide association study captured an age-stratified total body bone mineral density phenotype at age 45-60 years. This age range overlaps with the menopausal transition and early postmenopause in women. Univariable, reverse, and multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses were performed, with inverse-variance weighting as the primary method and complementary sensitivity analyses used to assess heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and result stability. Genetically predicted higher sex hormone-binding globulin was associated with lower total body bone mineral density (β = -0.111, 95% CI: -0.170 to -0.051; P = 0.0003). Reverse Mendelian randomization did not support reverse causation from bone mineral density to sex hormone-binding globulin. Multivariable analyses suggested that this association persisted after adjustment for selected metabolic biomarkers. The other examined exposures did not show consistent evidence of association. These findings provide genetic evidence linking sex hormone-binding globulin to total-body bone mineral density at ages 45-60 years. Further prospective and predictive studies are needed to evaluate its clinical relevance beyond established bone health assessment tools.

Humans↗