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PubMed2026

Furanic compounds in different coffee extraction systems: Analysis of the main influencing factors and correlation with acrylamide.

This study investigates how different coffee types representative of distinct roast profiles and brewing methods jointly affect the occurrence of furanic compounds and acrylamide in brewed coffee. Coffees were prepared using eight extraction methods (AeroPress, Clever, Chemex, French Press, Moka, Pure Brew, Turkish and V60). Five furanic compounds (furfural, furfuryl acetate, 5-methylfurfural, furfuryl alcohol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) were quantified in coffee powders and brews by HS-SPME-GC-MS, while acrylamide was determined by UHPLC-MS/MS. Moka and Turkish brews consistently exhibited the highest concentrations of furanic compounds, whereas paper-filtered pour-over methods (V60 and Chemex) showed the lowest levels. Pearson correlation analysis revealed coffee-dependent relationships between furanic compounds, acrylamide and extraction parameters with the strongest associations observed in dark-roasted coffee, reflecting advanced Maillard reaction chemistry. Overall, these results demonstrate that contaminant levels arise from the combined effects of intrinsic coffee chemistry and brewing mechanics and support targeted mitigation strategies: such as roast selection and brewing method optimization.

Acrylamide↗
PubMed2026

PGC1α expression using targeted redox-responsive nanogels protects against prostate cancer in vivo.

Prostate cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men in the UK and US. Increasing evidence implicates metabolic dysregulation as a critical driver of disease progression. Central to this process is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) that promotes oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis while inhibiting metastatic programs. This work investigated the therapeutic potential of PGC1α overexpression via mRNA delivery. Here, we report a prostate-specific, targeted disulphide-crosslinked nanogel system for intracellular delivery of mRNA encoding the N-terminal isoform of PGC1α (NT-PGC1α). Functionalization of the NGs with a peptide targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) enabled selective delivery of NT-PGC1α mRNA in PCa cells and 3D spheroid models. We confirmed sustained PGC1α expression, and increased mitochondrial protein content, indicative of enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis. These nanogels, which were prepared in situ using a nanopolymerization technique, exhibited high mRNA loading capacity, low cytotoxicity, and redox-responsive cargo release, enabling controlled cytosolic delivery following intracellular glutathione-mediated degradation. In vivo, systemic administration of the PSMA-targeted NT-PGC1α mRNA-loaded nanogels resulted in tumor-preferential accumulation and significant suppression of xenograft growth (by 73.4% relative to untreated control), with minimal systemic toxicity. This study presents the first example of a prostate-targeted, disulfide-crosslinked nanogel system for mRNA-mediated metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer, and highlights its promise as a platform for future RNA-based targeted and precision stimuli-responsive cancer therapies.

Male↗