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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Analysing morbidity determination with flawed data: the case of dysentery in regional India.

A method is suggested for removing measurement error from morbidity data collected in Third World countries. The method assumes the existence of diseases which are independent of socio-economic factors and exploits observed correlations between these disease and these factors to construct an index of measurement error. This index may be used as an explanatory variable in the analysis of other diseases which are hypothesised to have socio-economic causes which are the object of research. The method is applied to statewide data for India where the index of measurement error is based on influenza data which is then used to isolate the socio-economic factors that influenced dysentery.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Schistosoma haematobium infection in western Madagascar: morbidity determined by ultrasonography.

To assess the morbidity related to Schistosoma haematobium infection in western Madagascar, an ultrasonographic examination was performed of 574 inhabitants > 5 years old in a village in an old-established endemic area where no prior systematic antischistosomal treatment had been given. The overall prevalence of infection was 75.9% and the geometric mean egg count of positive individuals was 36 eggs/10 mL of urine. Recent haematuria had been experienced by 31.8% of individuals. Echographic abnormalities of the urinary tract were present in 50.5% of individuals: they were more frequent in males. Bladder wall lesions were observed in 93.1% of individuals with ultrasonographic changes, irregularities of the inner surface being the most common finding. Congestive changes were noted in 8.4% of kidneys, but we observed only 4 severe congestions. Bladder lesions and congestive changes in kidneys predominated in youth; their presence and severity were significantly correlated with egg excretion. In 12 inhabitants, grade 1 periportal fibrosis was observed, but no significant association was found with S. haematobium infection. In a control village, where the prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 7%, moderate congestion of kidneys was observed in 2% of examined inhabitants, and bladder changes in 6%, with a significant relationship with S. haematobium infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Hospital morbidity determinants in a region of São Paulo State (Brazil)].

INTRODUCTION: Many changes in the morbidity of patients attended to the Country's hospitals have occurred in recent years, wether resulting from demographic, epidemiological, financial and technological factors or from those related to the structure of the services themselves. METHODS: The change in diagnoses occurring over this period was analyzed using two data banks relating to hospital discharges during 1975 and 1988, in the Vale do Paraíba, Southeastern Brazil, taking into account the factors mentioned above. Both data banks covered the same variables: hospital, dwelling, patient's age and sex, health status at discharge, financing sources, duration of stay and main diagnosis. RESULTS: Among the results were to be found: an ageing of the population of the region, with an increase in life expectancy and a decrease in the general and infant mortality coefficients, with a proportional diminution of mortality from "infectious and parasitic diseases" and an increase in "neoplasms", "diseases of the circulatory system" and "injury and poisoning". There was a drop in the number of hospitalizations by some diagnostic groups such as "symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions" and "infectious and parasitic diseases" and an increase in others, particularly the "neoplasms" and "diseases of the circulatory system". There was a shift from the poorly-defined to better defined diagnoses, further, there was a decrease in the duration of stay for all groups. It was possible to identify some factors which might have caused these changes, although there was no one behavioral pattern for all diagnoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Survival benefit of D2 lympadenectomy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: A definite resolution to the controversy on the optimal extension of lymph node dissection (LND) in gastric cancer has not been achieved. Surgical morbidity and survival of D1 and D2 LND are compared by multivariate analysis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 219 patients with gastric cancer and curative resection performed according to Japanese rules. D1 dissection was performed in 106 cases and D2 in 113. The logistic regression model was used to define risk factors for surgical morbidity and the Cox model to determine prognostic factors. RESULTS: Surgical morbidity occurs in 16.9% and 19.5% in D1 and D2 LND, respectively (P = .7). The morbidity determinants were operation blood loss, splenectomy, pancreaticosplenectomy, antrum location, low serum albumin, total gastrectomy, and metastatic nodal ratio (P < .0001), but not D2 LND. Five-year survival was 35.1% for D1 and 64% for D2 LND (P < .039). The prognostic factors were T stage, N stage, serum albumin level, total gastrectomy, D2 LND, and comorbidity (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The increment of surgical morbidity and mortality rates attributed to D2 LND is largely caused by the effect of splenectomy and pancreaticosplenectomy. A significant survival benefit because of D2 LND was found. The results support the value of extended LND in the surgical treatment of gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Pineal region germinomas in childhood treatment considerations.

From 1967-1986, 21 children were treated for pineal germinoma, including 16 biopsy-proven, 2 biopsy non-diagnostic, and 3 metastatic unbiopsied (marker negative) patients. Ten of 18 (56%) biopsied patients underwent partial or sub-total tumor resection. Twenty patients were irradiated, 19 of whom are alive. No irradiated patient died of progressive germinoma, but two patients relapsed in the spinal cord and required treatment intensification for salvage. Long-term survivors have significant morbidity. Determination of the minimum effective treatment remains the chief therapeutic challenge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Psychiatric morbidity and hostility in hypertension.

In a large survey of subjects aged between 35 and 64, no difference was detected in the amount of psychiatric morbidity, determined by response to the General Health Questionnaire, between those with hypertension and those with normal pressure. This finding also obtained if only those subjects ignorant of their own blood pressure level were considered for the same comparison. As a result of administration of a standardized psychiatric interview and a hostility questionnaire to 108 hypertensive and normotensive subjects of a special study, differences in the expression of hostility were demonstrated between the 2 groups. Subjects with hypertension appear to demonstrate more hostility and be less self-critical than a normotensive group. This finding could reflect the effect of recent diagnosis and treatment of hypertension or be associated with the hypertensive state itself.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women with low BMD with or without prevalent vertebral fractures.

Fractures and subsequent morbidity determine the impact of established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important outcome criterion in the assessment and follow-up of osteoporotic patients. As part of the baseline measurements of the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) study, HRQOL was assessed in 751 osteoporotic (bone mineral density [BMD] T score > or = -2.5) women from Europe with or without vertebral fractures (VFX). This was done using the quality of life questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the EQ-5D (former EuroQol). QUALEFFO contains questions in five domains: pain, physical function, social function, general health perception, and mental function. Each domain score and QUALEFFO total scores are expressed on a 100-point scale, with 0 corresponding to the best HRQOL. In comparison with patients without VFX, those with VFX were older (66.2 +/- 5.9 years vs. 68.8 +/- 6.3 years; p < 0.001), had higher prevalence of nonvertebral fractures (25% vs. 36%; p = 0.002), and higher QUALEFFO scores (worse HRQOL; total score, 26 +/- 14 vs. 36 +/- 17; p < 0.001). QUALEFFO scores increased progressively with increasing number of VFX, especially lumbar fractures (p < 0.001). Patients with a single VFX already had a significant increase in QUALEFFO scores (p < 0.05). Similar, though weaker, associations were seen for NHP and EQ-5D scores. This study confirms decreased HRQOL for patients with prevalent VFX. In osteoporotic patients, QUALEFFO scores change in relation to the number of VFX. QUALEFFO is suitable for clinical studies in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Occupational pathology: present and future].

Formed 75 years ago, occupational pathology has defined structure of occupational morbidity, determined principles of occupational diseases' pathogenesis and pathomorphosis, demonstrated dependence of occupational entities on acting occupational hazards, described clinical manifestations of occupational diseases, emphasized informative diagnostic complexes. Diagnosis in occupational pathology now is established on basis of etiology. Manifold activities helped to form a system preventing health disorders caused by occupational hazards. Topical problem is to elaborate and put into practice some criteria for compensation of occupational damage with differential expert assessment of functional disorders caused either by occupational disease or by general one. Prospective trend could be to create a system organizing and managing workers' health on workplace and to put "protection by time" principle into practice with forecasting risk of occupational diseases and dose-effect dependence. Another prospect is to elaborate and put into practice a training in social and psychologic adaptation for occupational managers and industrial workers.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1994

Childhood febrile seizures (Benin City experience).

About 20% of children admitted during the study period had febrile convulsions, of which 5% were aged below 5 months or above 5 years. The study confirms the view that there is a strong familial predisposition in febrile seizures. Major causes of the rise in temperature in those studied included malaria, which accounted for 32.7%, followed by bronchopneumonia (16.8%), measles (15.4%), otitis media (13.4%) and tonsillitis (10.5%). The morbidity and mortality could be attributable to the socio-cultural background of the community which practices modes of therapy that are often detrimental to the health of patients.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1993

General and HIV-1-associated morbidity in a rural Ugandan community.

OBJECTIVES: The AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa affects whole communities, adding to the already high burden of morbidity. Reports of AIDS cases are usually from hospital attenders, often diagnosed using the World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition. Little is known about the extent of HIV-associated morbidity in the general population. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of (1) markers of general morbidity and (2) the criteria of the WHO clinical case definition for AIDS and (3) to determine the association between these markers and HIV-1 serostatus in a rural Ugandan community. METHODS: A survey was conducted among the adult population (aged > or = 13 years) of 15 neighbouring villages in Masaka District, south-west Uganda. The survey included medical history, physical examination and testing for HIV-1 antibodies. RESULTS: The HIV-1 seroprevalence among 4175 out of 5278 (79%) eligible adults was 8.2%. Current health problems were reported by 57.6% of adults, with increased rates in HIV-1-positive subjects, women and older people. Five of the 10 most common complaints showed significant associations with HIV-1 status, as did reported genital ulcer and vaginal discharge. The crude HIV-1 attributable disease burden in the population was 1.2% for current illness, 4.3% for previous serious illness and 9.9% for illness leading to hospital admission. Overall, 11 (3.3%) of the HIV-1-positive and nine (0.2%) of the HIV-1-negative subjects had AIDS as defined by the clinical case definition. The positive and negative predictive values and specificity were 55.0, 92.0%, and 99.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Against a background of high general morbidity, we observed a relatively small population attribution of HIV-1-associated morbidity. The results indicate that the clinical AIDS case definition may provide a useful tool for population surveys.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Gender and health in Brazil: considerations based on the National Household Sampling Survey].

As in the principal industrial countries, Brazilian women have lived longer than men. However, paradoxically, women present higher morbidity indicators than men. Knowledge of the Brazilian pattern regarding this matter could be a useful contribution to an understanding of their determinants in our specific reality, as well as enabling us to foresee future trends that would make it possible to plan adjustment in the health system. A morbidity study based on data from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE), was undertaken in ten Brazilian states in 1986 with this in view. Coefficients of the prevalence of perceived morbidity, demand for and utilization of health services according to sex, standardized by age and using the direct method, were built up. As a measurement of the differentials, sex ratios were calculated. The excess of perceived morbidity in women was constant in all the regions. The sex differential in the utilization of health services showed regional variations, suggesting a relationship with the health services supply. Sex differentials were not observed in childhood; the highest values were found during the woman's reproductive period, decreasing sharply after 60 years of age. The pattern is very similar in all regions. In the present study, the findings could be partially explained by the methodology adopted, but they are similar to the findings reported in other countries. The intense transformations in the reproductive pattern and in the social status of Brazilian women probably have a considerable impact on the health status and on the recourse to health services, not as yet evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Injuries and noncommunicable diseases: emerging health problems of children in developing countries.

The present article identifies, for children living in developing countries, the major causes of ill-health that are inadequately covered by established health programmes. Injuries and noncommunicable diseases, notably asthma, epilepsy, dental caries, diabetes mellitus and rheumatic heart disease, are growing in significance. In countries where resources are scarce it is to be expected that increasing importance will be attached to the development and implementation of measures against these problems. Their control may benefit from the application of elements of programmes directed against infectious, nutritional and perinatal disorders, which continue to predominate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Patterns of demographic change in the Americas.

Considerable scholarly debate has focused on the nature of demographic change in the Americas before and after 1492. Recent research on human skeletal samples and related archeological materials suggests that morbidity and mortality were increasing throughout much of the Western Hemisphere before 1492 in response to increased population density, increased sedentism, and changing subsistence. The evidence suggests that after 1492 population reduction was caused not by continental pandemics but by localized or regional epidemics augmented by social and economic disruption. The twentieth century has witnessed remarkable Native American population recovery, fueled both by improvements in health care and changing definitions of "being Indian."

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1992

[Morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology in marginal populations in suburban areas].

A comparative study between two distinctive groups of children documenting morbidity, physical growth and psychopathology was completed. 186 children belonging to a marginal and deprived suburban community from Valencia was defined as a experimental group (EG). 100 randomly selected children attending the emergency room of La Fe Children's Hospital was defined as control group (CG). Significant statistical differences were found between the two groups in: type and quality of prenatal care, vaccinations, low stature, depressive symptomatology and bizarre personality and behaviour. No significant statistical differences were found between the two groups in: breast feeding patterns, incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, weight, prematurity, low birth weight, caries and anxiety.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beliefs and practices regarding delivery and postpartum maternal morbidity in rural Bangladesh.

Most maternal deaths occur in the puerperium and most maternal morbidities probably also arise at that time. Maternal morbidities occur much more frequently than maternal deaths, but very little is known about their magnitude or causes. This study uses focus-group discussions to explore the experiences of childbirth and postpartum illness among rural Bangladeshi women. The women's beliefs about disease causation, and their use of traditional health care, are explored. The significance of the findings for the training of traditional birth attendants and for programs of postpartum care is discussed.

Adolescent↗