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The morphology of cells from normal and diseased brains and PML-SV40 transformed brain cells grown on glass cover slips in cultures is described. Seven types of cells are identifiable, four of which are probably of mesenchymal origin whereas the remaining three are neurologlial. A classification on the basis of the morphologic features is presented.
The morphological characteristics of innominate lines and grooves of the colonic mucosa are described. There are three basic mucosal patterns: linear circumferential, network, and mixed. Lymphoid collections occur at frequent and regular intervals along the course of the lines. These collections split the muscularis mucosa, producing a series of perforations in this thin sheet of muscle. Where contractions of the muscle layer are predominantly longitudinal, those occurring between two rows of lymphoid tissue elevate the overlying mucosa to form ridges and grooves. Barium tends to accumulate in the grooves, particularly since the mucosa is thinner in these regions.
E. coli mutants K12, PA6021, and AB312 characterised by changed morphology were obtained. Various morphological elements encountered in the mutant populations, and the capacity to phenotypical reversion are described. Some other properties (cultural, tinctorial, mobility, osmotic stability) changed in the mutants under study in addition to morphology.
BACKGROUND: The morphology of fractures in the terrible triad of the elbow (TTE) is complex, and precise management relies on a profound understanding of this morphology. This study aims to systematically analyze, for the first time, the distribution and morphological characteristics of TTE fracture lines using three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology. METHODS: Clinical data and thin-slice CT scans of 112 patients with TTE from January 2021 to December 2024 were retrospectively included. 3D fracture models were reconstructed using Mimics software. Virtual reduction and standardized alignment were performed using 3-matic software. Fracture lines were mapped onto standard ulnar and radial templates, and 3D fracture heat maps were generated using the E-3D software to demonstrate the high-frequency distribution zones of the fracture lines visually. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test (χ2 test). A two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study revealed distinct patterns in the distribution of TTE fracture lines. In the coronoid process, the fracture "hot zone" presented as an annular high-density band extending from the lateral middle aspect to the tip. In the radial head, an oblique high-density band was observed in the anterolateral quadrant of the articular surface. The radial neck exhibited a circumferential high-density zone, which was most prominent in the anterolateral aspect. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between age and fracture complexity; the proportion of Regan-Morrey type III coronoid fractures and Mason type III radial head fractures was significantly higher in elderly patients (> 60 years) (p < 0.05), suggesting that advanced age is a significant risk factor for complex fractures. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to visually reveal the Collaborative Distribution Patterns of TTE fracture lines using 3D fracture mapping technology. This model provides morphological evidence for understanding the injury mechanism of TTE and offers an anatomical framework that may assist surgeons in individualizing surgical approaches and fixation strategies.
Morphology--by growth phases-- was studied in the N. asteroides strain isolated from cows suffering from mastitis in Cuba. During the growth N. asteroides culture underwent a number of morphological cyclic changes; definite morphology was typical for each growth phase. There was a similarity between the structure of the surface N. asteroides and mycobacteria; cyclic changes in the structure of the membranes in nocardia were also shown.
The distribution and morphological characteristics of neurons containing acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7.) in diencephalic and medial telencephalic structures of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) were studied by means of a pharmaco-histochemical method that involves staining for AChE (Karnovsky-Roots' procedure) at various times after the administration of di-isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). At medial telencephalic levels, numerous, mostly multipolar, AChE-containing neurons of medium to large size are present in the bed nucleus of the anterior commissure, in the ascending division of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca, and in the so-called "substantia innominata". This last structure is composed of medial and lateral AChE cell groups that extend caudad, beneath the lenticular nucleus, for a considerable distance. The AChE neurons lying within the substantia innominata correspond, at least in part, to the basal nucleus of Meynert. Most neurons of the olfactory tubercle are devoid of AChE but lie within a lightly-stained AChE background. In addition, clusters of amorphous and highly reactive AChE material are found within the islands of Cajella and along the ventromedial edge of the olfactory tubercle. At the level of the thalamus, the strongest AChE staining is seen in the periokarya of the anterior dorsal nucleus and of most nuclei located within the fibrous or lamellar thalamic structures--i.e., the reticular nucleus, the intralaminar nuclei, and the midline nuclei except nuclei parataenialis and reuniens. In most of these nuclei the neuronal somata are of medium size and stain moderately for AChE. Their proximal processes are either lightly stained or devoid of AChE. At the level of the hypothalamus of the monkey, intense AChE staining can be seen within the neuronal somata of the supraoptic and paraventrivular nuclei. In the paraventricular necleus, the AChE-positive perikarya are of medium size and have numerous AChE-containing processes. Moderately reactive AChE neurons of smaller size with unstained processes are also present in the paraventricular nucleus. Most perikarya of the main rostral portion of the supraoptic nucleus are moderately stained for AChE, are closely packed, and their processes are difficult to discern. The main cellular aggregate of the supraoptic nucleus extends caudad and is composed of a large group of moderately to intensely stained neurons lying along the optic tract and which constitute the caudal, or infundibular, portion of the supraoptic nucleus. Other moderately to intensely stained AChE neurons were found in the lateral and perifornical areas and most particularly in the dorsal hypothalamic area. These neurons are of medium size and mostly multipolar. Moderately stained AChE neurons were also observed in the supramammillary nucleus, as well as those of the acruate nucleus, however, are only weakly reactive. The median eminence and most neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the monkey hypothalamus are virtually devoid of AChE...
A morphological study has been made of the gametocytes of P. yoelii (a parasite of Rodents belonging to the "vivax" group). The authors distinguish 4 types chronologically ordered. Moreover, morphology enables one to predict their infectivity. The morphological analysis represents a tool leading to new data on the biology of gametocytes: loss of infectivity as soon as the parasitaemia becomes high; infectivity restricted to the young stages; concentration of young stages in the blood ingested by the Mosquitoes; short periodicity and short lived infectivity.
Morphological examinations of 24 autopsy cases of liver cirrhosis demonstrated the development of secondary postcapillary pulmonary hypertension with an increase of the muscular mass of the right ventricle and rearrangement of the blood vessels of pulmonary circulation. Most important morphological changes were observed in intraorgan veins and microcirculatory bed of the visceral pleura (particularly in the venular knee) indicating early reaction of the veins to hemodynamic disorders. It is suggested that hypervolemia in the pulmonary circulation system developing at the expence of blood discharge from the portal system into direct portopulmonary anastomoses plays an important role in the genesis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
The clinical picture and morphological changes of the bile cyst were compared in 120 patients operated for acute cholecystitis. In 9% of cases no agreement was observed between the clinical picture of the disease and morphological changes of the bile cyst wall.
The morphologic changes accompanying the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa, as it is induced by the antibiotic A23187 and calcium ions, are described. The reaction is shown to be similar to that observed in other species when the reaction occurs spontaneously or is induced by physiologic fluids. The reaction in human spermatozoa differs from the chemically induced reaction in other species in that plasma membrane microfilaments, prominent in the boar, and tubular-like elements prominent in boar, rabbit, and monkey sperm, are not observed. Motility remains high when human spermatozoa are treated with A23187 and calcium and it is possible that these agents may be useful in the study of certain causes of infertility.
Under study were the clinico-morphological features of epithelial tumors of the urinary bladder in 1452 patients subjected to surgery. There were differentiated three main clinico-anatomical forms of the tumor and its variants: exophitic (87.4%), endophitic (5.5%) and mixed--exophitic-endophitic ones (7.1%). The frequency and terms of recurrence were dependent on the clinico-anatomical form and stage of the tumor and its morphology. The frequency of recurrence of high-differentiated forms of the tumor made 26.9 +/- 3.0%, in low-differentiated and metaplastic forms--45--46%, in anaplastic cancer--62.8% +/- 15.4%.
The morphology of identified lateral rectus motoneurones is described after staining by intracellular iontophoresis of horseradish peroxidase. Soma vary in shape and size according to the number and orientation of primary dendrites. The basic pattern of arborisation shows short primary dendrites which branch close to the soma, forming a distal ramification extending over 600 to 1,200 micrometer from the soma. Distal dendrites extend into the ipsilateral medial vestibular nucleus, the reticular formation and amongst the fibres of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. This extension is greater than that previously seen in procion yellow and Golgi stained lateral rectus motoneurones. The axon originates from the perikarya or from the base of a primary dendrite. No axon collaterals have been observed.
Similar physicochemical characteristics were found with strains of Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) and Congo viruses. The particle size, sedimentation coefficient, buoyant density, weight of the particles as well as morphology and morphogenesis of these viruses were similar to those of other members of the Bunyaviridae family. Data are presented on reproduction of CHF virus in cell cultures and on the inner structure of its virion.
The present investigation is concerned with establishing morphological criteria of spermatogonial stem cells in man. Testicular biopsies from patients having undergone semicastration for malignant tumors and radio- and chemotherapy for one year following the operation were studied light and electron microscopically. Those spermatogonial types that survived the treatment were regarded as stem cells in view of the fact that the stem cells, in contrast to the more differentiated spermatogonia, are radiation resistant and less sensitive to various noxious agents. In 7 out of 28 cases examined, a small number of spermatogonia was found adjacent to the basement membrane. The majority of these cells show the characteristic features of pale type A spermatogonia, while a few cells may represent variants of this cell type. The dark type A spermatogonia are almost completely eliminated from the seminiferous tubules. A concept is proposed that the stem cells of the human testis may be derived from the pale type A spermatogonia or the variants of this cell type.
From the literature and their own observations the authors present morphological criteria of acute viral hepatitis which may be used for differential diagnosis from hepatites of other etiology (toxic, drug). Examinations of liver biopsies from patients with viral hepatitis permit to establish the stage of the disease and to predict its possible outcomes.
Histological and histochemical studies of stomach cancer and comparisons of characteristics of highly differentiated adenocarcinoma (24 observations) and nondifferentiated cancer (51 observations) revealed no differences in the character of the secret and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in tumoral cells of glandular and nondifferentiated cancer. At the same time different localization of primary cancer was established: nondifferentiated cancer--in the region of glandular necks and basal parts of the mucosa, adenocarcinomas--in the surface regions. Comparison of the data obtained with features of physiological regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa justifies the assumption that foveate epithelium of nondifferentiated cancer, epithelium of the glandular neck, was the source of origination of adenocarcinoma. A different histogenesis of adenocarcinoma and nondifferentiated cancer accounts for their morphological differences and characteristics of the clinical course.
One hundred and fifty early carcinomas of the stomach were studied. Morphology of 5 anatomic types (polypoid, raised, flat, superficial ulceration, ulcerative) corresponding to endoscopic types of early carcinoma is described. Previous diseases, age and sex of patients were found to influence the macroscopic and histological structure of the tumour, the rate of invasion of the submucosa. Therefore, the authors distinguish a) early carcinoma in the presence of polyps or chronic gastritis and b) carcinoma in the presence of peptic ulcer. The latter comprises nearly 80% of all early carcinomas. Three zones where the tumor arises were found: angle of the stomach, pyloric fold, and the border between the esophagus and stomach. Various forms of carcinoma have different rates of affection of each of these zones.
Observation of 40 patients with drug myocarditis developing in the presence of acute manifestations of drug allergy, and morphological examination of the myocardium of 15 patients who had died of different manifestations of allergy and drug myocarditis show that drug myocarditis develops quite often in acute manifestations of allergy. This is confirmed by the clinical symptoms, the electrocardiographic findings and the results of immunological study with the use of the leukocyte migration inhibition test with the cardiac antigen. In contrast to persons of the control groups, patients with drug myocarditis showed positive results beginning with the 4th-5th day of the development of the pathological process in the myocardium. The migration index was 40.6% on the average (normal value 80%). The morphological findings indicated the development of delayed and immediate allergic processes in the heart manifested by reaction of the myocardiocytes, stroma and vessels. The degree of severity and character of the morphological changes corresponded to the clinical picture of myocarditis.