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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Genotypes with the apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele are predictors of coronary heart disease mortality in a longitudinal study of elderly Finnish men.

Earlier we reported that allelic variation in the gene coding for apolipoprotein (apoE is a significant predictor of variation in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) death in a longitudinal study of elderly Finnish men. Here we address the question: which of the apoE genotypes confers the risk information in these men, and whether such information persists after other CHD risk factors are considered? We followed two cohorts of elderly Finnish men aged 65 to 84 years, one in Eastern (n = 281) and the other in the Southwestern (n = 344) Finland for 5 years during which 26 (9.3%) of the men from the Eastern cohort and 40 (11.6%) of the men in the Southwestern cohort died from CHD. Baseline high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and (HDL cholesterol)2 in the Eastern cohort and age, and total and HDL cholesterol and smoking status in the Southwestern cohort were significant predictors of CHD death (P < 0.05). The apoE genotypes were significant predictors in the Southwestern cohort at P = 0.02 and in the Eastern cohort at P = 0.18. In multivariable models, information about apoE genotypes improved the prediction at P = 0.1O level of statistical significance in both cohorts. When genotypes were considered separately, the episilon2/4 combined with the epsilon4/4 in the Eastern cohort (odds ratio = 7.69, 95% CI = 1.67-35.52) and the epsilon 3/4 in the Southwestern cohort (odds ratio = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.165.10) had sigificantly greater odds of CHD death compared to the common F3/3 genotype. We conclude that apoE genotypes confer risk information about CHD death in two cohorts of elderly Finnish men in a longitudinal study, and this information persists after adjustment for other CHD risk factors. Because different genotypes were predictors in these two cohorts, we further conclude that the utility of a particular genotype as a predictor of CHD death in other populations may depend on the distribution of risk factor profiles at baseline, geographically defined environmental exposures, the CHD mortality history, and the evolutionary history of background genotypes in the population considered.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[Clinico-neurologic aspects of acute inflammatory brain diseases].

Despite the progress, which has been made in diagnosis and therapy of encephalitis and bacterial meningitis, these acute inflammatory diseases of the brain still display a certain amount of morbidity and mortality. History, physical examination, analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid and radiological examination are the mainstay for the diagnosis of these diseases. With respect to the acute inflammatory diseases of the brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fulfill three purposes: 1. They can be used to clarify the diagnosis and to rule out other diseases. 2. They can identify the focus from which a bacterial meningitis can evolve. 3. Complications like edema, cerebral vasculitis, septic sinus thrombosis, hydrocephalus or abscess can be visualized. If the diagnosis is made early, the possible complications are recognized in good time and the appropriate therapy is started immediately, then morbidity and mortality can be kept at a minimum.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

[Predictive variables of early mortality after orthotopic heart transplant in adults].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to analyze some variables of donors, recipients and surgical procedures in order to discover factors that could predict mortality during the early stage (< 30 days) of orthotopic heart transplants. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 125 consecutive orthotopic heart transplants in adults were analyzed. The average age was 51 +/- 11 (range: 12-67), 109 (87%) were men, 16 were women (13%). Two groups were compared: 15 patients who died within 30 days after heart transplant and 110 who survived during that period. Immunosuppressive protocol: preoperative: Cyclosporin + Azathioprine. Intraoperative: Methylprednisolone Postoperative: Methylprednisolone (first 24 h), antilymphocyte monoclonal antibodies (7-10 days after heart transplant) + Cyclosporin + Azathioprine + Corticoids. The following parameters of the recipient were analyzed: sex, age, weight, size, thoracic perimeter, pretransplant cardiopathy, previous thoracic operations, functional stage or need for catecholamines during the days prior to the transplant, pulmonary artery pressure and resistance, history of systemic arterial hypertension, elevation of creatinine, blood type, urgent transplant indication, receptor/donor weight relationship. The following parameters of donors and operation were analyzed: sex, age, weight, thoracic perimeter, period in intensive care unit, dose of dopamine and dobutamine, blood type, origin of the organ, cause of death, ischaemia time, cardiopulmonary by-pass time and cardioplegia type. RESULTS: The rate of early mortality was 12%. The univariate analysis showed differences in: prior cardiovascular surgery, receptor blood type, need for urgent transplantation, pulmonary artery resistance > 2.5 Wood Units, cardiopulmonary by-pass time, weight relationship between receptor and donor. The death cause of the donor proved significant. On multivariate analysis, the following parameters independently predicted early mortality: history of operation with extracorporeal circulation, high pulmonary artery resistance, urgent transplant, receptor/donor weight relation and time of extracorporeal circulation. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the results of our experience can help to stratify the risk in the orthotopic heart transplant recipient and even to contraindicate the procedure in some cases showing an accumulation of poor prognostic factors in borderline recipients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

High mortality among young crack cocaine users in Brazil: a 5-year follow-up study.

AIMS: Follow-up studies show that smokers, alcoholics and heroin addicts have high mortality rates, but there is little information on crack users. We have investigated the mortality rate among this population, including its risk factors and causes of death. DESIGN: A 5-year follow-up study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: A cohort of 131 crack-dependent patients, admitted to a public detoxification unit in São Paulo between 1992 and 1994. MEASUREMENTS: Data collected from a structured personal interview and from a review of patients' hospital records, confirming the deaths from records held at the Municipal Offices. FINDINGS: Of the 124 (94.6%) patients located, 23 (18.5%) had died (a mortality ratio of 7.6). Homicide was the most common cause of death (n = 13). Observed mortality rate, adjusted for age and sex, was 24.92 per 1000, while the expected all-cause mortality rate in São Paulo, also adjusted for age and sex, was 3.28 per 1000, giving an excess mortality rate of 21.64 per 1000. Survival analysis showed that the probability of being alive 5 years post-treatment was 0.80 (95% CI = 0.77-0.84). Cox's proportional hazards regression showed three factors predicted mortality: history of intravenous drug use (hazard ratio 3.28, 95% CI 1.42-7.59), unemployment at index admission (hazard ratio 3.48, 95% CI 1.03-11.80) and premature discharge from index admission (hazard ratio 2.21, CI 0.94-5.18). CONCLUSIONS: Community-based and tailored interventions should be considered to improve those patients' social support and permanence in treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Secular changes in the short-term preventive, positive, and temperature checks to population growth in Europe, 1460 to 1909.

"Annual variations in births, marriages, deaths, grain prices, and quarterly temperature series in England, France, Prussia, and Sweden [for the period 1460-1909] are analyzed using a distributed lag model. The results provide support for the existence of the short-term preventive, positive and temperature checks to population growth. Decreases in fertility and nuptiality are generally associated with increases in grain prices. Increases in mortality appear to be associated with high grain prices, cold winters and hot summers. Changes in these responses over time are examined within the context of economic development."

Climate↗
PubMed1993

[Mortality in past centuries].

"Mortality and life expectancy over a time period of 300 years were studied for a relatively large village population [in Germany]. From synchronous and diachronous comparisons of the data concerning different social classes of this village (subdivided according to their sex and age, social rank, number of children/family and birth rank, registration of orphans, half-orphans, illegitimate children as well as progeny of old parents and children with a high inbreeding degree, and interpretation of causes of death) significant differences in mortality were deduced." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Age Factors↗