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Triad of concern.

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Anesthesia, Dental

Family unit in a children's psychiatric hospital.

The need for effective management of disorders of parent/child relationships is repeatedly stressed. Despite the bulk of theoretical work on the subject there is little information on the practical management of the clinical problems that arise. We describe a unit designed and staffed for the management of such disorders. In our view it meets a need in a way that could be difficult or impossible for most paediatric, psychiatric, and social services as they are at present organized.

Child

Ill-health and child abuse.

Intensive therapeutic work with families, in which child abuse had occurred, suggested that bonding failure related in part to the pregnancy, perinatal experience, and early ill-health of the abused proband and parents. 25 consecutive unequivocally abused children who had 1 or more siblings were selected from our referrals. Six factors emerged as highly significantly over-represented in the proband biography as compared with the control sibling group: abnormal pregnancy, abnormal labour or delivery, neonatal separation, other separation in the first six months, illnesses in the first year of life, and illness in the mother in first year of life. These data suggest that treatment of parents during pregnancy the perinatal period, and early infancy may well be fruitful in the prevention of child abuse.

Adolescent

Implicit messages concerning menstruation in commercial educational materials prepared for young adolescent girls.

Interviews with young girls aged 9 to 18 revealed that commercial educational materials are an important source of information about menstruation. Although these materials are valuable educational supplements, they do not provide a complete, accurate, and realistic description of menarcheal changes and emphasize good hygiene rather than dealing with the young girl's emotional needs and anxieties. The authors stress the need for more research into the physiological, cognitive, and psychological changes during puberty and the obligation of parents, schools, and other social institutions to provide more comprehensive information to the maturing girl about the essential issues of pubertal development.

Adolescent

The Meaning and Significance of Breastfeeding for Biological Mothers of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

INTRODUCTION: Given the functional, emotional, and symbolic challenges imposed by cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), mothers often experience early breastfeeding cessation with impacts on maternal identity and the mother-infant bond. This study aimed to explore the meanings, feelings, and experiences of mothers of children with CL/P regarding breastfeeding in the face of these adversities. METHODS: This qualitative study applied the Clinical-Qualitative Method as proposed by Turato. Six in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with biological mothers of children with CL/P, recruited from a specialized craniofacial reference center in Brazil. Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach, grounded in psychodynamic concepts from the Medical Psychology theoretical framework. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of the collected material, three analytical categories were identified and constructed: (1) "Existential conflict regarding the inability to fulfill the ideal maternal role"; (2) "Duality between the need and the fear of caregiving"; and (3) "The anguish experienced between tangible and intangible support during breastfeeding."Conclusions:Although the inability to EBF in children with CL/P generates emotional distress, motherhood is reimagined through adaptive forms of care and bonding, highlighting gaps in institutional support and the need for more humanized, emotionally sensitive health practices.

Humans

Impact of Integrated Continuous Team Midwifery Care on Breastfeeding Success within the Iranian Health System: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Supporting women during the perinatal period helps build confidence, strengthens early bonding between mother and baby, and encourages successful breastfeeding. Continuous midwifery care models are one of the ways that support women in this periods. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated continuous team midwifery care (ICTMC) in enhancing breastfeeding success in the Iranian health system. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 200 low-risk primiparous women with a gestational age of less than 12 weeks were recruited from public health centers. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received continuous midwifery care throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal follow-up, or the control group, which received routine care. The primary outcomes were early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding success at the time of discharge and at 4-6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using Stata, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test, Phi/Cramer's V, and Cohen's d. The p < 0.05 is significant. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26. RESULTS: ICTMC groups were significantly more likely to initiate skin-to-skin contactearly skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth (92% vs. 74%, p < 0.001) and achieve successful breastfeeding at the discharge time (88% vs. 70%, p = 0.002) compared to the control group. At 6 weeks postpartum, breastfeeding success remained higher in the intervention group (82% vs. 65%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Women with ICTMC, effectively support skin-to-skin contactearly mother-infant bonding and enhance breastfeeding success among low-risk primiparous women. Integrating this model into routine maternal care may improve perinatal outcomes.

Humans

Etiological determinants of protein calorie undernutrition in a rural child community.

Two groups of randomly selected underweight and well-nourished preschool children residing in study villages of Punjab, Ludhiana district were examined with respect to their socioeconomic background, birth weights, dietary intakes, quality of received mother care, blood biochemistry, parasite load, psychomotor development and past illness prevalence. It was found that underweight children showed significantly less favourable indices in all of the above categories except stool parasitology suggesting an extremely intricate and complex interaction of a host of ecological variables in the causation of undernutrition. Using the discriminate analysis on readily available social variables, it was found that caste affiliation and, less so parental income were the two most significant variables distinguishing between the two groups. A model for the interaction patterns of ecological variables in their effect of protein calorie malnutrition for the given area is suggested.

Birth Weight

[Possibilities and results of shortened hospital treatment in pediatric surgery (author's transl)].

2582 surgical operations on children - principally abdominal hernias and phimoses - are reported. Inpatient treatment required a stay of 3.2 days, 430 children were treated as outpatients. The 11 pediatricians working in the afflux area unanimously judged the shortened stay in hospital positive. Of the parents interviewed, only 1.3% did not agree with the short hospitalization and 4.8% disagreed with the outpatient therapy. The well-known psychic disturbances of small children by admission to hospital confirmed. The economic importance of a stay which can be reduced by 10 days compared with the present average is pointed out.

Abdomen

[The single child (author's transl)].

Single children are in a special situation which tends to disturbances of behavior and psychosomatic reactions. They are often symbiotic children with mainly anxiety symptoms. A narcissistic link between mother and single child renders the necessary detachment and achievement of identity more difficult. Psychodiagnosis provides important clues. The doctor has duties of advice and education for mother and child which have already been pointed out by v. Czerny. Success of psychotherapy achieving maturation of such children is often likely only if both mother and child are treated simultaneously.

Adult