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Results for “Motor Skills Disorders”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Changes in disordered motor skills in depressed right handed patients due to antidepressive therapy].

30 right-handed male and female inpatients with Major Depression diagnosed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised Third Edition, (DSM-III-R) were investigated with reference to the retarded motor activity of their dominant hand. The treatment included antidepressants, neuroleptics and tranquilizers. The tests (handedness test, HDT; a test showing evaluation for the degree of depression, TSD; a test for mood disturbance, EWL) were carried out at the onset of drug treatment (t1) and after improvement of the depression (t2). Both motor retardation and the scores of the depressivity-tests ameliorated significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Neuropsychological outcome at adolescence of very preterm birth and its relation to brain structure.

Neuropsychological outcome at 14 to 15 years of age of a cohort of 75 participants (39 male, 36 female) born at <33 weeks' gestation was investigated. Research was conducted parallel to a recent MRI study by Stewart and colleagues which reported that 55% of this cohort had evidence of brain abnormality. One aim of the study was to compare neuropsychological function in those very preterm children with and without MRI abnormality. Compared to a control sample of term adolescents, very preterm participants had impairment only on a measure of word production. On measures of attention, memory, perceptual skill, and visuomotor and executive function, the adolescents born very preterm performed in the normal range, whether or not they had evidence of MRI abnormality. Our findings are encouraging as the neuropsychological consequences of damage to the very preterm brain, still evident on MRI at 14 to 15 years of age, appear to be minor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Elevated plasma homocysteine level in patients with Parkinson disease: motor, affective, and cognitive associations.

BACKGROUND: An elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level has been prospectively associated with an increased risk of vascular and degenerative dementias. An Hcy elevation is prevalent in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) in part because levodopa metabolism produces Hcy. The clinical relevance of an elevated Hcy level in patients with PD is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine if hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with PD is associated with depression or with cognitive or physical impairments. DESIGN: Ninety-seven people with a mean (SD) PD duration of 3.6 (1.6) years completed the Beck Depression Inventory, a battery of 11 cognitive tests, and the motor and function components of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Normalized scores for the affective, cognitive, and physical measures were compared between those with a normal Hcy level (n = 66) and those with hyperhomocysteinemia (n = 31) (Hcy level, >1.89 mg/L [>14 micro mol/L]), controlling for age, sex, disease duration, and treatment. RESULTS: Subjects with an elevated Hcy level were slightly older (68 vs 62 years), but had similar plasma concentrations of vitamin B(12) and folate. Hyperhomocysteinemic patients were more depressed (P =.02) and had worse cognition (P<.01), but the physical measure did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with PD and hyperhomocysteinemia are more likely to be depressed and to perform worse on neuropsychometric tasks compared with normohomocysteinemic patients. Further research is warranted to see if hyperhomocysteinemia is a reversible risk factor for neuropsychiatric burden in patients with PD.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Quinolinic acid released from polymeric brain implants causes behavioral and neuroanatomical alterations in a rodent model of Huntington's disease.

Quinolinic acid (QA) is an N-methyl-d-aspartate agonist that has been shown to produce neurotoxic effects that mimic certain neurodegenerative diseases when administered to laboratory animals. Intrastriatal injections of QA in rats have been used extensively to produce some of the neuropathological and behavioral deficits that are analogous to Huntington's disease (HD). However, acute intrastriatal injections of QA produce symptoms that are not analogous to the progressive nature of HD. Thus far, models using chronic administration of QA that produce HD-like behavioral and neuroanatomical changes have necessitated the use of a relatively bulky and fragile microdialytic pump apparatus. The present study tested an alternative way of chronically administering QA. Specifically, this study tested whether gradual release of QA from ethylene vinylacetate (EVA) polymers could produce symptoms analogous to HD. Rats received either no implants or bilateral intrastriatal implants of polymers with or without QA. Subsequent tests for spontaneous motor activity (SMA), grip strength, balance, and learning ability in a radial-arm-water-maze task revealed QA-induced impairments in balance and learning ability, but did not affect grip strength or SMA. Histological analysis revealed QA-induced enlargement of lateral ventricles, striatal atrophy, and striatal neuronal loss, with relative sparing of NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons. These results suggest that QA released from polymers can produce behavioral and neuropathological profiles analogous to early stages of HD and that EVA polymers offer a useful means of chronically delivering QA in rodent models of neurodegeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Psychiatric disorder and cognitive function in children with epilepsy in Kerala, South India.

The cognitive and psychiatric associations of childhood epilepsy have not been studied in developing countries. Children with epilepsy were identified during a population-based epidemiological study of 1403 8- to 12-year-old children in Kerala, South India. They were compared with age-, sex- and social class-matched controls on measures of reading, vocabulary, non-verbal reasoning and school performance. In addition, psychiatric symptoms were measured using standard questionnaires and the presence or absence of psychiatric disorder was established by interview. Patients performed as well as controls on the non-verbal test, but performed worse on tests of vocabulary and reading, suggesting a specific disadvantage in the area of education. Psychiatric disorder was more prevalent in the children with epilepsy. It was concluded that epilepsy in the population studied is accompanied by a significant burden of cognitive and psychiatric disorders which need recognition and adequate service provision.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2000

Autism and Asperger syndrome: coexistence with other clinical disorders.

OBJECTIVE: : To provide a clinically useful analysis of the extent to which autism and Asperger syndrome coexist with other disorders. METHOD: Selective review of the literature detailing data pertaining to symptoms and disorders sometimes encountered in connection with autism or Asperger syndrome. RESULTS: A large number of medical conditions, psychiatric disorders and behavioural and motor dyscontrol symptoms are associated with autism and Asperger syndrome. CONCLUSION: Comorbidity is to be expected in autism spectrum disorders -directly or indirectly. Comorbid conditions may be markers for underlying pathophysiology and suggest a more varied treatment approach. There is a great need for in-depth research into this area, meaning that the exclusion criteria of current diagnostic manuals, i.e. those that rule out a diagnosis of autism in some disorders, and a diagnosis of certain other disorders in autism may have to be revised.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Sleepiness in children and adolescents: clinical implications.

Over the past decade, excessive sleepiness among children and adolescents has been identified as a major societal concern. Professionals working with pediatric groups must increasingly factor sleepiness into assessments of waking function. We define and discuss excessive sleepiness in children and adolescents and review available evidence regarding effects on behavior, mood, and performance. Findings for daytime sleepiness and subsequent impairment in these domains are classified as robust to unknown. Empirical evidence clearly indicates that children and adolescents experience significant daytime sleepiness as a result of inadequate or disturbed sleep. The specific effect of sleepiness on functional domains in pediatric groups are less well-studied, but existing data suggests that children are likely to experience impairment in behavioral, mood, and performance domains. However, such variables as developmental differences in the type and degree of impairment, the degree of sleep disturbance required to produce impairments, and potential risk and protective factors for the effects of sleepiness in children have yet to be described. Further research is clearly warranted, and we discuss important questions and methodological concerns to encourage inquiry in both clinical and experimental settings. Advice is offered with regard to screening for sleep problems and associated sleepiness with children and adolescents.

Achievement↗
PubMed2000

Speech recognition training for enhancing written language generation by a traumatic brain injury survivor.

Impairments in motor functioning, language processing, and cognitive status may impact the written language performance of traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. One strategy to minimize the impact of these impairments is to use a speech recognition system. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of mild dysarthria and mild cognitive-communication deficits secondary to TBI on a 19-year-old survivor's mastery and use of such a system-specifically, Dragon Naturally Speaking. Data included the % of the participant's words accurately perceived by the system over time, the participant's accuracy over time in using commands for navigation and error correction, and quantitative and qualitative changes in the participant's written texts generated with and without the use of the speech recognition system. Results showed that Dragon NaturallySpeaking was approximately 80% accurate in perceiving words spoken by the participant, and the participant quickly and easily mastered all navigation and error correction commands presented. Quantitatively, the participant produced a greater amount of text using traditional word processing and a standard keyboard than using the speech recognition system. Minimal qualitative differences appeared between writing samples. Discussion of factors that may have contributed to the obtained results and that may affect the generalization of the findings to other TBI survivors is provided.

Adult↗